Form 20-F
Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2007

 


UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006

Commission file number 1-14814

 

 

Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A.B. de C.V.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

Mexican Economic Development, Inc.

(Translation of Registrant’s Name into English)

United Mexican States

(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

General Anaya No. 601 Pte.

Colonia Bella Vista

Monterrey, NL 64410 Mexico

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class

       

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

American Depositary Shares, each representing 10 BD Units, each consisting of one Series B Share, two Series D-B Shares and two Series D-L Shares, without par value

     New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

The number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of December 31, 2006 was:

720,392,590BD Units, each consisting of one Series B Share, two Series D-B Shares and two Series D-L Shares, without par value. The BD Units represent a total of 720,392,590 Series B Shares, 1,440,785,180 Series D-B Shares and 1,440,785,180 Series D-L Shares.

472,349,500B Units, each consisting of five Series B Shares without par value. The B Units represent a total of 2,361,747,500 Series B Shares.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

x Yes ¨ No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

¨ Yes x No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated filer   x            Accelerated filer   ¨            Non-accelerated filer   ¨

Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

¨ Item 17 x Item 18

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

¨ Yes x No

 



Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

INTRODUCTION

   1

References

   1

Currency Translations and Estimates

   1

Forward-Looking Information

   1

ITEMS 1-2.  NOT APPLICABLE

   2

ITEM 3.      KEY INFORMATION

   2

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

   2

Dividends

   4

Exchange Rate Information

   6

Risk Factors

   7

ITEM 4.      INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

   17

The Company

   17

Overview

   17

Corporate Background

   17

Ownership Structure

   20

Significant Subsidiaries

   22

Business Strategy

   22

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   23

FEMSA Cerveza

   41

FEMSA Comercio

   54

Other Business Segment

   58

Description of Property, Plant and Equipment

   59

Insurance

   61

Capital Expenditures and Divestitures

   61

Regulatory Matters

   62

ITEM 4A.   UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

   65

ITEM 5.      OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

   65

Overview of Events, Trends and Uncertainties

   65

Recent Developments

   66

Operating Leverage

   67

Critical Accounting Estimates

   67

New Accounting Pronouncements

   71

Operating Results

   75

Liquidity and Capital Resources

   86

U.S. GAAP Reconciliation

   94

ITEM 6.      DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

   94

Directors

   94

Senior Management

   101

Compensation of Directors and Senior Management

   103

Stock Incentive Plan

   103

EVA Stock Incentive Plan

   104

Insurance Policies

   104

Ownership by Management

   104

Board Practices

   105

Employees

   106

 

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ITEM 7.      MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

   108

Major Shareholders

   108

Related-Party Transactions

   108

Voting Trust

   108

Interest of Management in Certain Transactions

   109

Business Transactions between Coca-Cola FEMSA and The Coca-Cola Company

   110

ITEM 8.      FINANCIAL INFORMATION

   110

Consolidated Financial Statements

   110

Dividend Policy

   111

Legal Proceedings

   111

ITEM 9.      THE OFFER AND LISTING

   114

Description of Securities

   114

Trading Markets

   115

Trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange

   115

Price History

   116

ITEM 10.    ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

   119

Bylaws

   119

Taxation

   126

Material Contracts

   128

Documents on Display

   133

ITEM 11.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

   134

Interest Rate Risk

   134

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

   136

Equity Risk

   139

Commodity Price Risk

   139

ITEMS 12-14.   NOT APPLICABLE

   139

ITEM 15.     CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

   139

ITEM 16A.  AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

   142

ITEM 16B.  CODE OF ETHICS

   142

ITEM 16C.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

   142

ITEM 16D.  NOT APPLICABLE

   143

ITEM 16E.  PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

   143

ITEM 17.     NOT APPLICABLE

   144

ITEM 18.     FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   144

ITEM 19.     EXHIBITS

   145

 

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Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

References

The terms “FEMSA,” “our company,” “we,” “us” and “our,” are used in this annual report to refer to Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A.B. de C.V. and, except where the context otherwise requires, its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. We refer to our subsidiary Coca-Cola FEMSA, S.A.B. de C.V., as “Coca-Cola FEMSA,” our subsidiary FEMSA Cerveza, S.A. de C.V., as “FEMSA Cerveza,” and our subsidiary FEMSA Comercio, S.A. de C.V., as “FEMSA Comercio.”

The term “S.A.B.” stands for Sociedad Anónima Bursátil, which is the term used in Mexico to refer to a publicly traded company under the new Mexican Securities Law issued in 2006. In December 2006, both we and Coca-Cola FEMSA changed our name to include the denomination “S.A.B.” in accordance with the new Mexican Securities Law.

References to “U.S. dollars,” “US$,” “dollars” or “$” are to the lawful currency of the United States of America. References to “Mexican pesos,” “pesos” or “Ps.” are to the lawful currency of the United Mexican States, or Mexico.

Currency Translations and Estimates

This annual report contains translations of certain Mexican peso amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. These translations should not be construed as representations that the Mexican peso amounts actually represent such U.S. dollar amounts or could be converted into U.S. dollars at the rate indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, such U.S. dollar amounts have been translated from Mexican pesos at an exchange rate of Ps. 10.7995 to US$ 1.00, the noon buying rate for Mexican pesos on December 31, 2006 as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. On June 15, 2007, this exchange rate was Ps. 10.8100 to US$ 1.00. See “Item 3. Key Information—Exchange Rate Information” for information regarding exchange rates since January 1, 2002. In our previous public disclosures, we presented U.S. dollar amounts based on the exchange rate quoted by dealers to FEMSA for the settlement of obligations in foreign currencies at the end of the applicable period.

To the extent estimates are contained in this annual report, we believe that such estimates, which are based on internal data, are reliable. Amounts in this annual report are rounded, and the totals may therefore not precisely equal the sum of the numbers presented.

Per capita growth rates and population data have been computed based upon statistics prepared by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática of Mexico (the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Information, which we refer to as the Mexican Institute of Statistics), the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estadistica (the Brazilian Institute of Statistics or IBGE), the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Banco de México (the Bank of Mexico) and upon our estimates.

Forward-Looking Information

This annual report contains words, such as “believe,” “expect” and “anticipate” and similar expressions that identify forward-looking statements. Use of these words reflects our views about future events and financial performance. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors that may be beyond our control, including but not limited to effects on our company from changes in our relationship with or among our affiliated companies, movements in the prices of raw materials, competition, significant developments in Mexico or international economic or political conditions or changes in our regulatory environment. Accordingly, we caution readers not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. In any event, these statements speak only as of their respective dates, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of them, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

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ITEMS 1-2. NOT APPLICABLE

 

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

This annual report includes, under Item 18, our audited consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 and the related consolidated income statements, changes in financial position and changes in stockholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004. Our audited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (Normas de Información Financiera), which differ in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP.

Notes 27 and 28 to our audited consolidated financial statements provide a description of the principal differences between Mexican Financial Reporting Standards and U.S. GAAP as they relate to our company, together with a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income and stockholders’ equity as well as U.S. GAAP consolidated balance sheets, income statements, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity for the same periods presented for Mexican Financial Reporting Standards purposes. In the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP, we present our subsidiary Coca-Cola FEMSA, which is a consolidated subsidiary for purposes of Mexican Financial Reporting Standards, under the equity method for U.S. GAAP purposes, due to the substantive participating rights of The Coca-Cola Company as a minority shareholder in Coca-Cola FEMSA.

The effects of inflation accounting under Mexican Financial Reporting Standards have not been reversed in the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP. See note 27 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

The following table presents selected financial information of our company. This information should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements. The selected financial information is presented on a consolidated basis and is not necessarily indicative of our financial position or results of operations at or for any future date or period.

 

    

Selected Consolidated Financial Information

Year Ended December 31,

 
     2006(1)     2006     2005     2004     2003(2)     2002  
     (In millions of U.S. dollars and millions of Mexican pesos at December 31, 2006, except for
per share data, the weighted average number of shares outstanding and percentages)
 

Income Statement Data:

            

Mexican FRS:

            

Total revenues

   $ 11,707     Ps. 126,427     Ps. 111,636     Ps. 102,316     Ps. 86,818     Ps. 62,542  

Income from operations

     1,610     17,390     16,403     14,964     13,686     10,973  

Taxes(3)

     445     4,806     4,866     2,649     3,963     4,255  

Consolidated net income

     851     9,195     8,566     10,085     5,340     5,417  

Net majority income

     613     6,622     5,766     6,411     3,631     3,332  

Net minority income

     238     2,573     2,800     3,674     1,709     2,085  

Net majority income:(4)

            

Per Series B Share

     0.09     0.99     0.90     1.08     0.61     0.56  

Per Series D Share

     0.12     1.24     1.13     1.35     0.76     0.70  

Weighted average number of
shares outstanding
(in millions):

            

Series B Shares

     3,082.1     3,082.1     2,944.9     2,739.2     2,739.2     2,739.2  

Series D Shares

     2,881.6     2,881.6     2,753.4     2,561.0     2,561.0     2,561.0  

Allocation of earnings:

            

Series B Shares

     46.11 %   46.11 %   46.11 %   46.11 %   46.11 %   46.11 %

Series D Shares

     53.89 %   53.89 %   53.89 %   53.89 %   53.89 %   53.89 %

U.S. GAAP:

            

Total revenues

   $ 6,756     Ps. 72,959     Ps. 60,749     Ps. 53,544     Ps. 47,973     Ps. 43,298  

Income from operations

     698     7,536     6,662     5,793     5,184     5,339  

 

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Selected Consolidated Financial Information

Year Ended December 31,

     2006(1)     2006     2005    2004    2003(2)    2002
     (In millions of U.S. dollars and millions of Mexican pesos at December 31, 2006, except for
per share data, the weighted average  number of shares outstanding and percentages)

Participation in Coca-Cola FEMSA’s earnings(5)

     216       2,332       2,125      2,830      1,217      1,514

Minority interest

     (15 )     (163 )     —        505      413      668

Net income

     622       6,720       5,840      7,086      3,699      3,626

Net income:(6)

               

Per Series B Share

     0.03       0.34       0.30      0.40      0.21      0.20

Per Series D Share

     0.04       0.42       0.38      0.50      0.26      0.25

Weighted average number of shares outstanding (in millions):

               

Series B Shares

     9,246.4       9,246.4       8,834.8      8,217.5      8,217.5      8,217.5

Series D Shares

     8,644.7       8,644.7       8,260.1      7,683.0      7,683.0      7,683.0

Balance Sheet Data:

               

Mexican FRS:

               

Total assets

   $ 13,463     $ 145,390     $ 132,312    $ 131,173    $ 121,687    $ 70,970

Current liabilities

     2,346       25,337       20,960      25,630      19,717      13,946

Long-term debt(7)

     3,172       34,251       30,942      39,038      37,898      11,527

Other long-term liabilities

     1,071       11,574       9,921      9,862      10,948      6,637

Capital stock

     477       5,154       5,154      4,799      4,799      4,799

Total stockholders’ equity

     6,874       74,228       70,489      56,643      53,124      38,860

Majority interest

     5,021       54,220       50,027      38,322      32,925      27,208

Minority interest

     1,853       20,008       20,462      18,321      20,199      11,652

 

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Selected Consolidated Financial Information

Year Ended December 31,

 
     2006(1)     2006     2005     2004     2003(2)     2002  
    

(in millions of U.S. dollars and millions of Mexican pesos at December 31, 2006, except for

per share data, the weighted average number of shares outstanding and percentages)

 

U.S. GAAP:

            

Total assets

   $ 10,235     Ps.110,538     Ps.95,286     Ps.89,257     Ps.77,898     Ps.75,274  

Current liabilities

     1,322     14,278     9,724     16,381     11,230     13,140  

Long-term debt(7)

     1,673     18,070     14,627     15,665     8,041     7,799  

Other long-term
liabilities

     628     6,784     4,815     3,344     5,329     4,952  

Minority interest

     15     160     50     54     5,752     6,144  

Capital stock

     477     5,154     5,154     4,799     4,799     4,799  

Stockholders’ equity

     6,597     71,246     66,070     53,813     47,546     43,239  

Other information:

            

Mexican FRS:

            

Depreciation(8)

   $ 426     Ps. 4,599     Ps. 4,382     Ps. 4,125     Ps. 3,614     Ps. 2,729  

Capital expenditures(9)

     823     8,888     7,034     7,508     7,722     6,542  

Operating margin(10)

     13.8 %   13.8 %   14.7 %   14.6 %   15.8 %   17.5 %

U.S. GAAP:

            

Depreciation

   $ 193     Ps. 2,080     Ps. 2,038     Ps. 1,958     Ps. 2,262     Ps. 1,899  

Operating margin(10)

     10.3 %   10.3 %   11.0 %   10.8 %   10.8 %   12.3 %

(1) Translation to U.S. dollar amounts at an exchange rate of Ps. 10.7995 to US$ 1.00 solely for the convenience of the reader.

 

(2) Our 2003 financial information is not comparable to prior and subsequent periods due to the acquisition of Panamco in May 2003 by our subsidiary Coca-Cola FEMSA. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospectus— Comparability of Information Presented-Panamco Acquisition.”

 

(3) Includes income tax, tax on assets and employee profit sharing.

 

(4) The net income per Series B Share and per Series D Share was calculated in accordance with Bulletin B-14 “Utilidad por Acción” (Earnings per Share) of Mexican Financial Reporting Standards.

 

(5) Coca-Cola FEMSA is included under the equity method for U.S. GAAP, as discussed in note 27 (a) to our audited consolidated financial statements.

 

(6) Reflects 3-for-1 stock split effective May 28, 2007 in respect of our BD Units and May 30, 2007 in respect of our ADS, which is after the date of the latest reported balance sheet, but before the issuance of the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report as established by EITF D-86 (“Issuance of Financial Statements”). For US GAAP purposes, FASB No. 128 “Earnings per Share” establishes that the earnings-per-share computation as of December 31, 2006 and previous year computations should be based on the new number of shares following the stock split. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospectus—Recent Developments.”

 

(7) Includes long-term debt minus the current portion of long-term debt.

 

(8) Includes bottle breakage for Coca-Cola FEMSA.

 

(9) Includes investments in property, plant and equipment, intangible and other assets.

 

(10) Operating margin is calculated by dividing income from operations by total revenues.

Dividends

We have historically paid dividends per BD Unit (including in the form of ADSs) approximately equal to or greater than 1% of the market price on the date of declaration, subject to changes in our results of operations and financial position, including due to extraordinary economic events and to the factors described in “Risk Factors” that affect our financial condition and liquidity. These factors may affect whether or not dividends are declared and the amount of such dividends. We do not expect to be subject to any contractual restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, although our subsidiaries may be subject to such restrictions. Because we are a holding company with no significant operations of our own, we will have distributable profits and cash to pay dividends only to the

 

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extent that we receive dividends from our subsidiaries. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will pay dividends or as to the amount of any dividends.

The following table sets forth for each year the nominal amount of dividends per share that we declared in Mexican pesos and the U.S. dollar amounts that were actually paid on each of the respective payment dates for the 2002 to 2006 fiscal years:

 

Date Dividend Paid

  

Fiscal Year
with Respect to
which

Dividend

was Declared

   Aggregate Amount
of Dividend
Declared(1)
   Per Series B
Share
Dividend
   Per Series B
Share
Dividend
   Per Series D
Share
Dividend
   Per Series D
Share
Dividend

May 30, 2003

   2002    Ps. 397,792,604    Ps.0.0670    $ 0.0065    Ps. 0.0838    $ 0.0081

May 31, 2004

   2003    Ps. 531,379,672    Ps.0.0895    $ 0.0078    Ps. 0.1119    $ 0.0098

May 31, 2005

   2004    Ps. 659,997,941    Ps.0.1112    $ 0.0102    Ps. 0.1389    $ 0.0127

June 15, 2006

   2005    Ps. 986,000,000    Ps.0.1475    $ 0.0129    Ps. 0.1844    $ 0.0161

May 15, 2007

   2006    Ps.1, 485,000,000    Ps.0.2222    $ 0.0206    Ps. 0.2777    $ 0.0257

(1)

The aggregate amount of dividend declared is determined by the per series dividend amount multiplied by (a), for 2002 through 2004, 2,737,740,090 Series B Shares and 2,559,570,360 Series D Shares, and (b), for 2005 and 2006, 3,082,140,090 Series B Shares and 2,881,570,360 Series D Shares, which is in each case the number of shares outstanding at the date each dividend is declared.

At the annual ordinary general shareholders meeting, the board of directors submits the financial statements of our company for the previous fiscal year, together with a report thereon by the board of directors. Once the holders of Series B Shares have approved the financial statements, they determine the allocation of our net profits for the preceding year. Mexican law requires the allocation of at least 5% of net profits to a legal reserve, which is not subsequently available for distribution, until the amount of the legal reserve equals 20% of our paid in capital stock. Thereafter, the holders of Series B Shares may determine and allocate a certain percentage of net profits to any general or special reserve, including a reserve for open-market purchases of our shares. The remainder of net profits is available for distribution in the form of dividends to our shareholders. Dividends may only be paid if net profits are sufficient to offset losses from prior fiscal years.

Our bylaws provide that, before May 11, 2008, dividends will be allocated among the shares outstanding and fully paid at the time a dividend is declared in such manner that each Series D-B Share and Series D-L Share receives 125% of the dividend distributed in respect of each Series B Share. Holders of Series D-B Shares and Series D-L Shares are entitled to this dividend premium in connection with all dividends paid by us other than payments in connection with the liquidation of our company. On May 11, 2008, the Series D-B Shares will automatically convert into Series B Shares and the Series D-L Shares will automatically convert into Series L Shares, which will not be entitled to a dividend premium. From and after May 11, 2008, the Series L Shares and Series B Shares that are outstanding and fully paid at the time a dividend is declared will be entitled to share equally in the dividend.

Subject to certain exceptions contained in the deposit agreement dated May 11, 2007, among FEMSA, The Bank of New York, as ADS depositary, and holders and beneficial owners from time to time of our American Depositary Shares, or ADSs, evidenced by American Depositary Receipts, any dividends distributed to holders of our ADSs will be paid to the ADS depositary in Mexican pesos and will be converted by the ADS depositary into U.S. dollars. As a result, restrictions on conversion of Mexican pesos into foreign currencies and exchange rate fluctuations may affect the ability of holders of our ADSs to receive U.S. dollars and the U.S. dollar amount actually received by holders of our ADSs. Although the Mexican government does not currently restrict the ability of Mexican and foreign persons or entities to convert Mexican pesos to U.S. dollars or other currencies or to transfer other currencies out of Mexico, we cannot give any assurance that the Mexican government will not institute a restrictive exchange control policy in the future.

 

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Exchange Rate Information

The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, the high, low, average and period end noon buying rates of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, expressed in Mexican pesos per one U.S. dollar. The rates have not been restated in constant currency units and therefore represent nominal historical figures.

 

Period

   Exchange Rate
     High    Low    Average(1)    Period End

2002

   10.43    9.00    9.66    10.43

2003

   11.41    10.11    10.80    11.24

2004

   11.64    10.81    11.29    11.15

2005

   11.41    10.41    10.89    10.63

2006

   11.46    10.43    10.91    10.80

(1) Average month-end rates.

 

Period

   Exchange Rate
     High    Low    Period End

2005:

        

First Quarter

   Ps. 11.41    Ps. 10.98    Ps. 11.18

Second Quarter

     11.23      10.76      10.77

Third Quarter

     10.90      10.58      10.79

Fourth Quarter

     10.94      10.41      10.63

2006:

        

First Quarter

   Ps. 10.95    Ps. 10.46    Ps. 10.90

Second Quarter

     11.46      10.84      11.29

Third Quarter

     11.18      10.74      10.98

Fourth Quarter

     11.06      10.71      10.80

December

     10.99      10.77      10.80

2007:

        

January

   Ps. 11.09    Ps. 10.77    Ps. 11.04

February

     11.16      10.92      11.16

March

     11.18      11.01      11.04

April

     11.03      10.92      10.93

May

     10.93      10.74      10.74

June(1)

     10.98      10.71      10.81

(1) From the period beginning June 1 until June 15, 2007.

Mexico has a free foreign exchange market and, since December 1994, the Mexican government has not intervened to maintain the value of the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar. The Mexican peso declined in 1998 as the foreign exchange markets experienced volatility as a result of the financial crises in Asia and Russia and the financial turmoil in countries such as Brazil and Venezuela. The Mexican peso remained relatively stable from 1999 until the fall of 2001. In late 2001 and early 2002, the Mexican peso appreciated considerably against the U.S. dollar and, more strongly, against other foreign currencies. From the second quarter of 2002 and until the end of 2003, the Mexican peso depreciated in value. The Mexican peso has remained relatively stable since 2004. The Mexican government may not maintain its current policies with regard to the Mexican peso and, accordingly, the Mexican peso may depreciate significantly in the future.

 

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RISK FACTORS

Risks Related to Our Company

Coca-Cola FEMSA

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business depends on its relationship with The Coca-Cola Company, and changes in this relationship may adversely affect its results of operations and financial position.

Approximately 95% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s sales volume in 2006 was derived from sales of Coca-Cola trademark beverages. In each of its territories, Coca-Cola FEMSA produces, markets and distributes Coca-Cola trademark beverages through standard bottler agreements. Through its rights under the bottler agreements and as a large shareholder, The Coca-Cola Company has the ability to exercise substantial influence over the conduct of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business.

Under Coca-Cola FEMSA’s bottler agreements, The Coca-Cola Company may unilaterally set the price for its concentrate. In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company decided to gradually increase concentrate prices for carbonated soft drinks over a three year period in Mexico beginning in 2007 and in Brazil in 2006. Coca-Cola FEMSA prepares a three-year general business plan that is submitted to its board of directors for approval. The Coca-Cola Company may require that Coca-Cola FEMSA demonstrate its financial ability to meet its plans and may terminate Coca-Cola FEMSA’s rights to produce, market and distribute soft drinks in territories with respect to which such approval is withheld. The Coca-Cola Company also makes significant contributions to Coca-Cola FEMSA’s marketing expenses although it is not required to contribute a particular amount. In addition, Coca-Cola FEMSA is prohibited from bottling any soft drink product or distributing other beverages without The Coca-Cola Company’s authorization or consent. Coca-Cola FEMSA may not transfer control of the bottler rights of any of its territories without the consent of The Coca-Cola Company.

Coca-Cola FEMSA depends on The Coca-Cola Company to renew its bottler agreements. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s bottler agreements for Mexico expire in 2013 and 2015 and are renewable in each case for ten-year terms. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s bottler agreements for Brazil expired in December 2004 and for Venezuela in August 2006. Coca-Cola FEMSA and its bottler agreements for Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama (other beverages) and Colombia expire in June 2007. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s bottler agreement for Coca-Cola trademark beverages for Panama has an indefinite term but may be terminated with six months prior written notice by either party. Coca-Cola FEMSA is currently in the process of negotiating renewals of these agreements on similar terms and conditions as in other countries. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s remaining territories are governed by bottler agreements that expire after June 2007. There can be no assurances that The Coca-Cola Company will decide to renew any of these agreements. In addition, in the event a material breach of these agreements occurs, the agreements may be terminated. Termination would prevent Coca-Cola FEMSA from selling Coca-Cola trademark beverages in the affected territory and would have an adverse effect on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations

The Coca-Cola Company has substantial influence on the conduct of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business, which may result in Coca-Cola FEMSA taking actions contrary to the interest of its remaining shareholders.

The Coca-Cola Company has significant influence on the conduct of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business. The Coca-Cola Company indirectly owns 31.6% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s outstanding capital stock, representing 37.0% of its capital stock with full voting rights. The Coca-Cola Company is entitled to appoint four of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s 18 directors and certain of its executive officers and, except under limited circumstances, has the power to veto all actions requiring approval by Coca-Cola FEMSA’s board of directors. We indirectly own 53.7% of Coca Cola FEMSA’s outstanding capital stock, representing 63.0% of Coca Cola FEMSA’s capital stock with full voting rights. We are entitled to appoint 11 of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s 18 directors and certain of its

 

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executive officers. The Coca-Cola Company, thus may have the power to determine the outcome of actions requiring approval by its board of directors and may have the power to determine the outcome of actions requiring approval of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s shareholders. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Material Contracts—Coca-Cola FEMSA.” The interests of The Coca-Cola Company may be different from the interests of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s remaining shareholders, which may result in Coca-Cola FEMSA taking actions contrary to the interest of its remaining shareholders.

Coca-Cola FEMSA has significant transactions with affiliates, particularly The Coca-Cola Company, which may create potential conflicts of interest and could result in less favorable terms to Coca-Cola FEMSA.

Coca-Cola FEMSA engages in transactions with subsidiaries of The Coca-Cola Company, including cooperative marketing arrangements and a number of bottler agreements. Coca-Cola FEMSA agreed jointly with The Coca-Cola Company to purchase 100% of the outstanding shares of Jugos del Valle, S.A.B de C.V., which we refer to as Jugos del Valle, a Mexican juice and beverage producer. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospectus—Recent Developments.” In addition, Coca-Cola FEMSA has entered into cooperative marketing arrangements with The Coca-Cola Company. The transactions may create potential conflicts of interest, which could result in terms less favorable to Coca-Cola FEMSA than could be obtained from an unaffiliated third party.

Competition could adversely affect Coca-Cola FEMSA’s financial performance.

The beverage industry throughout Latin America is highly competitive. Coca-Cola FEMSA faces competition from other bottlers of carbonated soft drinks such as Pepsi products, and from producers of low cost beverages, or “B brands.” Coca-Cola FEMSA also competes against beverages other than soft drinks such as water, fruit juice and sport drinks. In Mexico, Coca-Cola FEMSA faces competition from water beverage companies such as Danone, with its local brand Aguas Santa María, from Pepsico in the sport drink market, with its Gatorade brand, and from a diverse array of local fruit juice beverage companies. Although competitive conditions are different in each of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories, Coca-Cola FEMSA competes principally in terms of price, packaging, consumer sale promotions, customer service and non-price retail incentives. There can be no assurances that Coca-Cola FEMSA will be able to avoid lower pricing as a result of competitive pressure. Lower pricing, changes made in response to competition and changes in consumer preferences may have an adverse effect on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s financial performance.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s principal competitor in Mexico is The Pepsi Bottling Group, or PBG. PBG is the largest bottler of Pepsi products worldwide and competes with Coca-Cola trademark beverages. Coca-Cola FEMSA has also experienced stronger competition in Mexico from lower priced soft drinks in larger, multiple serving packaging. In Argentina and Brazil, Coca-Cola FEMSA competes with Companhia de Bebidas das Américas, commonly referred to as AmBev, the largest brewer in Latin America and a subsidiary of InBev S.A., which sells Pepsi products, in addition to a portfolio that includes local brands with flavors such as guaraná and proprietary beers. In each of its territories, Coca-Cola FEMSA competes with Pepsi bottlers and with various other bottlers and distributors of nationally and regionally advertised soft drinks.

A water shortage or a failure to maintain existing concessions could adversely affect Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business.

Water is an essential component of soft drinks. Coca-Cola FEMSA obtains water from various sources in its territories, including springs, wells, rivers and municipal water companies. In Mexico, Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases water from municipal water companies and pumps water from its own wells pursuant to concessions granted by the Mexican government. Coca-Cola FEMSA obtains the vast majority of the water used in its soft

 

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drink production in Mexico pursuant to these concessions, which the Mexican government granted based on studies of the existing and projected groundwater supply. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s existing water concessions in Mexico may be terminated by governmental authorities under certain circumstances and their renewal depends on receiving necessary authorizations from municipal and/or federal water authorities. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Regulatory Matters—Water Supply Law.” In Coca-Cola FEMSA’s other territories, its existing water supply may not be sufficient to meet its future production needs and the available water supply may be adversely affected by shortages or changes in governmental regulations.

Coca-Cola FEMSA cannot assure you that water will be available in sufficient quantities to meet its future production needs or will prove sufficient to meet its water supply needs.

Increases in the prices of raw materials would increase Coca-Cola FEMSA’s cost of sales and may adversely affect its results of operations.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s most significant raw materials are concentrate, which it acquires from companies designated by The Coca-Cola Company, packaging materials and sweeteners. Prices for concentrate are determined by The Coca-Cola Company pursuant to Coca-Cola FEMSA’s bottler agreements as a percentage of the weighted average retail price in local currency, net of applicable taxes. In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company decided to gradually increase concentrate prices for carbonated soft drinks over a three-year period in Mexico which began in 2007 and in Brazil in 2006. The prices for Coca-Cola FEMSA’s remaining raw materials are driven by market prices and local availability as well as the imposition of import duties and import restrictions and fluctuations in exchange rates. Coca-Cola FEMSA is also required to meet all of its supply needs from suppliers approved by The Coca-Cola Company, which may limit the number of suppliers available to it. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s sales prices are denominated in the local currency in which it operates, while the prices of certain materials used in the bottling of its products, mainly resin and ingots to make plastic bottles, finished plastic bottles and aluminum cans, are paid in or determined with reference to the U.S. dollar, and therefore may increase if the U.S. dollar appreciates against the currency of any country in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates, particularly against the Mexican peso. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Coca-Cola FEMSA—Raw Materials.”

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s most significant packaging raw material costs arise from the purchase of resin and plastic ingots to make plastic bottles and from the purchase of finished plastic bottles, the prices of which are tied to crude oil prices and global resin supply. In Mexico, the U.S. dollar prices that Coca-Cola FEMSA paid for resin remained relatively flat in 2006. Sugar prices in all of the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates other than Brazil are subject to local regulations and other barriers to market entry that cause it to pay in excess of international market prices for sugar. Coca-Cola FEMSA expects sugar prices to decrease in 2007 in all of the countries in which it operates other than Mexico and Venezuela. In Venezuela, Coca-Cola FEMSA has experienced sugar shortages that have adversely affected its operations. These shortages were due to insufficient domestic production to meet demand and current restrictions on sugar imports.

Coca-Cola FEMSA cannot assure you that its raw material prices will not further increase in the future. Increases in the prices of raw materials would increase Coca-Cola FEMSA’s cost of sales and adversely affect its results of operations.

Taxes on soft drinks could adversely affect Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s products are subject to excise and value-added taxes in many of the countries in which it operates. The imposition of new taxes or increases in taxes on its products may have a material adverse effect on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations. In 2003, Mexico implemented a 20% excise tax on carbonated soft drinks produced with non-sugar sweetener. This tax was eliminated beginning in 2007. Certain countries in Central America, Argentina and Brazil impose taxes on

 

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carbonated soft drinks. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Coca-Cola FEMSA—Taxation of Soft Drinks.” We cannot assure you that any governmental authority in any country where Coca-Cola FEMSA operates will not impose or increase taxes on its products in the future.

Regulatory developments may adversely affect Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business.

Coca-Cola FEMSA is subject to regulation in each of the territories in which it operates. The principal areas in which Coca-Cola FEMSA is subject to regulation are environment, labor, taxation, health and antitrust. The adoption of new laws or regulations in the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates may increase its operating costs or impose restrictions on its operations which, in turn, may adversely affect its financial condition, business and results of operations. In particular, environmental standards are becoming more stringent in several of the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates, and Coca-Cola FEMSA is in the process of complying with these new standards. Further changes in current regulations may result in an increase in compliance costs, which may have an adverse effect on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s future results of operations or financial condition.

Voluntary price restraints or statutory price controls have been imposed historically in several of the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates. The imposition of these restrictions in the future may have an adverse effect on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s results of operations and financial position. Although Mexican bottlers have been free to set prices for carbonated soft drinks without governmental intervention since January 1996, such prices had been subject to statutory price controls and to voluntary price restraints, which effectively limited Coca-Cola FEMSA’s ability to increase prices in the Mexican market without governmental consent. We cannot assure that governmental authorities in any country where Coca-Cola FEMSA operates will not impose statutory price controls or voluntary price restraints in the future.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s operations have from time to time been subject to investigations and proceedings by antitrust authorities and litigation relating to alleged anticompetitive practices. We cannot assure you that these investigations and proceedings will not have an adverse effect on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s results of operations or financial condition.

FEMSA Cerveza

Unfavorable economic conditions in Mexico, Brazil or the United States may adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s business.

Demand for the products of FEMSA Cerveza may be affected by economic conditions in Mexico, Brazil or the United States. In particular, demand in northern Mexico, where there are a large number of border towns, may be disproportionately affected by the performance of the United States’ economy. In addition, FEMSA Cerveza’s exports to the United States may be affected by reduced demand from the United States or from a reduction in prices by its competitors. Any depreciation of the Mexican peso may negatively affect its results of operations because a significant portion of its costs and expenses are denominated in, or determined by reference to, the U.S. dollar.

Uncertainty in commodity prices of raw materials used by FEMSA Cerveza may result in increased costs and adversely affect its results of operations.

FEMSA Cerveza purchases a number of commodities for the production of its products (principally aluminum, barley, malt and hops) from Mexican producers and in the international market. The prices of such commodities can fluctuate and are determined by global supply and demand and other factors, including changes in exchange rates, over which FEMSA Cerveza has no control. Market prices for aluminum increased by approximately 35% in 2006. Because aluminum prices are denominated in U.S. dollars, an appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Mexican peso would increase the cost to FEMSA Cerveza as a percentage of net sales, as

 

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its sales are generally in Mexican pesos. There can be no assurance that FEMSA Cerveza will be able to recover increases in the cost of raw materials. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—FEMSA Cerveza—Raw Materials.” An increase in raw materials costs would adversely affect its results of operations.

FEMSA Cerveza’s sales in the United States depend on distribution arrangements with Heineken USA.

Heineken USA Inc., or Heineken USA, is the exclusive importer, marketer and distributor of FEMSA Cerveza’s beer brands in the United States under a three-year agreement that expires on December 31, 2007. In addition, in April 2007 FEMSA Cerveza and Heineken USA entered into a new ten-year agreement pursuant to which Heineken USA will continue to be the exclusive importer, marketer and distributor of FEMSA Cerveza’s beer brands in the United States. Accordingly, FEMSA Cerveza’s exports to the United States depend to a significant extent on Heineken USA’s performance under these agreements. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospectus—Recent Developments.” We cannot assure that Heineken USA will be able to maintain or increase sales of FEMSA Cerveza’s beer brands in the United States, nor that when the new agreement expires in December of 2017, FEMSA Cerveza will be able to renew the agreement or enter into a substitute arrangement on comparable terms.

FEMSA Cerveza’s sales in the Mexican market depend on its ability to compete with Grupo Modelo.

FEMSA Cerveza faces competition in the Mexican beer market from Grupo Modelo, S.A. de C.V., or Grupo Modelo. FEMSA Cerveza’s ability to compete successfully in the Mexican beer market will have a significant impact on its Mexican sales. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—FEMSA Cerveza—The Mexican Beer Market.”

FEMSA Cerveza’s sales in the Brazilian market depend on its ability to compete with local brewers.

FEMSA Cerveza faces competition in the Brazilian beer market from Companhia de Bebidas das Americas, or AmBev, Grupo Schincariol and Cervejarias Petropolis. FEMSA Cerveza’s ability to compete successfully in the Brazilian beer market will have a significant impact on its Brazilian sales. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—FEMSA Cerveza—The Brazilian Beer Market.”

Competition from imports in the Mexican beer market is increasing and may adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s business.

Imports represented 2.1% of the Mexican beer market in terms of sales volume in 2006. Under the North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, the tariffs applicable to beers imported from the United States and Canada were eliminated in January 2001. Increased import competition, however, could result from potential new entrants to the Mexican beer market or from a change in consumer preferences in Mexico and could lead to greater competition in general, which may adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s business, financial position and results of operations. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—FEMSA Cerveza—The Mexican Beer Market.”

Regulatory developments in our main markets could adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s business.

FEMSA Cerveza’s business is subject to a variety of different government regulations in our key markets of Mexico, Brazil and the United States, and thus may be affected by changes in law, regulation or regulatory policy. Particularly in Mexico, actions of federal and local authorities, specifically changes in governmental policy with respect to excise and value-added tax laws or cold beer regulation and governmental actions relating to the beer industry practice of “tied-customer arrangements,” which are agreements with retailers to sell and promote a beer producer’s products, may have a material adverse effect on FEMSA Cerveza’s business, financial position and results of operations.

 

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Federal regulation of beer consumption in Mexico is primarily effected through a 25% excise tax, which starting January 2006 includes an alternative minimum Mexican peso amount of Ps. 3.00 per liter for non-returnable presentations and Ps. 1.74 per liter for returnable presentations, and a 15% value-added tax. Currently, we do not anticipate an increase in these taxes, but federal regulation relating to excise taxes may change in the future, resulting in an increase or decrease in the tax. Local regulations are primarily effected through the issuance of licenses authorizing retailers to sell alcoholic beverages. Other regulations affecting beer consumption in Mexico vary according to local jurisdictions and include limitations on the hours during which restaurants, bars and other retail outlets are allowed to sell beer. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—FEMSA Cerveza—The Mexican Beer Market.”

FEMSA Cerveza may not be able to improve performance in its newly acquired Brazilian operations.

In 2006, FEMSA Cerveza acquired through a series of transactions 99.83% of Brazilian brewer Cervejarias Kaiser Brasil S.A., or Kaiser. Prior to the acquisition, Kaiser’s profitability and market position had declined as a result of operational changes by the prior owner and increased competition in the Brazilian beer market. Kaiser’s operating margins are therefore lower than those of FEMSA Cerveza’s Mexican operations. FEMSA Cerveza is currently in the process of implementing a number of initiatives to seek to improve Kaiser’s performance, although FEMSA Cerveza has not previously conducted operations in the Brazilian beer market, where market conditions differ significantly from Mexico. FEMSA Cerveza’s initiatives may not be successful in improving Kaiser’s performance, which would adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s sales growth and operating margins.

A water supply shortage could adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s business.

FEMSA Cerveza purchases water from Mexican government entities and obtains pump water from its own wells pursuant to concessions granted by the Mexican government.

FEMSA Cerveza believes that its water concessions will satisfy its current and future water requirements. We cannot assure, however, that isolated periods of adverse weather will not affect FEMSA Cerveza’s supply of water to meet its future production needs in any given period, or that its concessions will not be terminated or will be renewed by the Mexican government. Any of these events or actions may adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s business, financial position and results of operations.

FEMSA Comercio

Competition from other retailers in Mexico could adversely affect FEMSA Comercio’s business.

The Mexican retail sector is highly competitive. FEMSA participates in the retail sector primarily through FEMSA Comercio. FEMSA Comercio’s Oxxo convenience stores face competition on a regional basis from 7-Eleven, Super Extra, Super City, AM/PM and Circle K stores, among others. In particular, the Super Extra chain is owned and managed by Grupo Modelo, our main competitor in the Mexican beer market, and since 2003 Super Extra has aggressively expanded the number of its stores. Oxxo convenience stores also face competition from numerous small chains of retailers across Mexico. In the future, Oxxo stores may face additional competition from other retailers that do not currently participate in the convenience store sector or from new market entrants. Increased competition may limit the number of new locations available to FEMSA Comercio and require FEMSA Comercio to modify its product offering or pricing. In addition, consumers may prefer alternative products or store formats offered by competitors. As a result, FEMSA Comercio’s results of operations and financial position may be adversely affected by competition in the future.

 

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Sales of Oxxo convenience stores may be adversely affected by changes in economic conditions in Mexico.

Convenience stores often sell certain products at a premium. The convenience store market is thus highly sensitive to economic conditions, since an economic slowdown is often accompanied by a decline in consumer purchasing power, which in turn results in a decline in the overall consumption of FEMSA Comercio’s main product categories. During periods of economic slowdown, Oxxo stores may experience a decline in traffic per store and purchases per customer, and this may result in a decline in FEMSA Comercio’s results of operations.

FEMSA Comercio may not be able to maintain its historic growth rate.

FEMSA Comercio increased the number of Oxxo stores at an average annual rate of 21.6% from 2002 to 2006. The growth in the number of Oxxo stores has driven growth in total revenue and operating income at FEMSA Comercio over the same period. As the overall number of stores increases, percentage growth in the number of Oxxo stores is likely to decrease. In addition, as convenience store penetration in Mexico grows, the number of viable new store locations may decrease, and new store locations may be less favorable in terms of same store sales, average ticket and store traffic. As a result, FEMSA Comercio’s future results of operations and financial condition may not be consistent with prior periods and may be characterized by lower growth rates in terms of total revenue and operating income.

Risks Related to Our Principal Shareholders and Capital Structure

A majority of our voting shares are held by a voting trust, which effectively controls the management of our company, and whose interests may differ from those of other shareholders.

As of May 31, 2007, a voting trust, the participants of which are members of five families, owned 38.64% of our capital stock and 74.78% of our capital stock with full voting rights, consisting of the Series B Shares. Consequently, the voting trust has the power to elect a majority of the members of our board of directors and to play a significant or controlling role in the outcome of substantially all matters to be decided by our board of directors or our shareholders. The interests of the voting trust may differ from those of our other shareholders. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions” and “Item 10. Additional Information—Bylaws—Voting Rights and Certain Minority Rights.”

Holders of Series D-B and D-L Shares have limited voting rights.

Holders of Series D-B and D-L Shares have limited voting rights and are only entitled to vote on specific matters, such as changes in the form of our corporate organization (other than a change from a sociedad anónima bursátil de capital variable to a sociedad anónima bursátil, and vice versa), dissolutions, liquidations a merger with a company with a distinct corporate purpose, cancellation of the registration of the Series D-B and D-L Shares and any other matters that expressly require approval from such holders under the new Mexican Securities Market Law, which we refer to as the Mexican Securities Law. As a result of these limited voting rights, Series D-B and D-L these holders will not be able to influence our business or operations. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders” and “Item 10. Additional Information—Bylaws—Voting Rights and Certain Minority Rights.”

Holders of ADSs may not be able to vote at our shareholder meetings.

Our shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of ADSs. We cannot assure that holders of our shares in the form of ADSs will receive notice of shareholders’ meetings from our ADS depositary in sufficient time to enable such holders to return voting instructions to the ADS depositary in a timely manner. In the event that instructions are not received with respect to any shares underlying ADSs, the ADS depositary will, subject to certain limitations, grant a proxy to a person designated by us in respect of these shares. In the event

 

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that this proxy is not granted, the ADS depositary will vote these shares in the same manner as the majority of the shares of each class for which voting instructions are received.

Holders of BD Units in the United States and holders of ADSs may not be able to participate in any future preemptive rights offering and as a result may be subject to dilution of their equity interests.

Under applicable Mexican law, if we issue new shares for cash as a part of a capital increase, other than in connection with a public offering of newly issued shares or treasury stock (which are exempted under the Mexican Securities Law), we are generally required to grant our shareholders the right to purchase a sufficient number of shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage. Rights to purchase shares in these circumstances are known as preemptive rights. We may not legally allow holders of our shares or ADSs who are located in the United States to exercise any preemptive rights in any future capital increases unless (1) we file a registration statement with the SEC with respect to that future issuance of shares or (2) the offering qualifies for an exemption from the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933. At the time of any future capital increase, we will evaluate the costs and potential liabilities associated with filing a registration statement with the SEC, as well as the benefits of preemptive rights to holders of our shares in the form of ADSs in the United States and any other factors that we consider important in determining whether to file a registration statement.

We may decide not to file a registration statement with the SEC to allow holders of our shares or ADSs who are located in the United States to participate in a preemptive rights offering. In addition, under current Mexican law, the sale by the ADS depositary of preemptive rights and the distribution of the proceeds from such sales to the holders of our shares in the form of ADSs is not possible. As a result, the equity interest of holders of our shares in the form of ADSs would be diluted proportionately. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Preemptive Rights.”

The protections afforded to minority shareholders in Mexico are different from those afforded to minority shareholders in the United States.

Under Mexican law, the protections afforded to minority shareholders are different from, and may be less than, those afforded to minority shareholders in the United States. Mexican laws do not provide a remedy to shareholders relating to violations of fiduciary duties, there is no procedure for class actions as such actions are conducted in the United States and there are different procedural requirements for bringing shareholder lawsuits against directors for the benefit of companies. Therefore, it may be more difficult for minority shareholders to enforce their rights against us, our directors or our controlling shareholders than it would be for minority shareholders of a United States company.

Investors may experience difficulties in enforcing civil liabilities against us or our directors, officers and controlling persons.

FEMSA is organized under the laws of Mexico, and most of our directors, officers and controlling persons reside outside the United States. In addition, all or a substantial portion of our assets and their respective assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States on such persons or to enforce judgments against them, including any action based on civil liabilities under the U.S. federal securities laws. There is doubt as to the enforceability against such persons in Mexico, whether in original actions or in actions to enforce judgments of U.S. courts, of liabilities based solely on the U.S. federal securities laws.

 

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Developments in other countries may adversely affect the market for our securities.

The market value of securities of Mexican companies are, to varying degrees, influenced by economic and securities market conditions in other emerging market countries. Although economic conditions are different in each country, investors’ reaction to developments in one country can have effects on the securities of issuers in other countries, including Mexico. We cannot assure you that events elsewhere, especially in emerging markets, will not adversely affect the market value of our securities.

The failure or inability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or other distributions to us may adversely affect us and our ability to pay dividends to holders of ADSs.

FEMSA is a holding company. Accordingly, FEMSA’s cash flows are principally derived from dividends, interest and other distributions made to FEMSA by its subsidiaries. Currently, FEMSA’s subsidiaries do not have contractual obligations that require them to pay dividends to FEMSA. In addition, debt and other contractual obligations of our subsidiaries may in the future impose restrictions on our subsidiaries’ ability to make dividend or other payments to FEMSA, which in turn may adversely affect FEMSA’s ability to pay dividends to shareholders and meet its debt and other obligations.

Risks Related to Mexico and the Other Countries in Which We Operate

Adverse economic conditions in Mexico may adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

We are a Mexican corporation, and our Mexican operations are our single most important geographic segment. For the year ended December 31, 2006, 78% of our consolidated total revenues were attributable to Mexico. In the past, Mexico has experienced both prolonged periods of weak economic conditions and deteriorations in economic conditions that have had a negative impact on our company. We cannot assume that such conditions will not return or that such conditions will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

Our business may be significantly affected by the general condition of the Mexican economy, or by the rate of inflation in Mexico, interest rates in Mexico and exchange rates for, or exchange controls affecting, the Mexican peso. Decreases in the growth rate of the Mexican economy, periods of negative growth and/or increases in inflation or interest rates may result in lower demand for our products, lower real pricing of our products or a shift to lower margin products. Because a large percentage of our costs and expenses are fixed, we may not be able to reduce costs and expenses upon the occurrence of any of these events, and our profit margins may suffer as a result. In addition, an increase in interest rates in Mexico would increase the cost to us of variable rate debt, which constituted 19.6% of our total debt as of December 31, 2006 (including the effect of interest rate swaps), and have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

Depreciation of the Mexican peso relative to the U.S. dollar could adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

A depreciation of the Mexican peso relative to the U.S. dollar would increase the cost to us of a portion of the raw materials we acquire, the price of which is paid in or determined with reference to U.S. dollars, and of our debt obligations denominated in U.S. dollars and thereby may negatively affect our financial position and results of operations. We generally do not hedge our exposure to the U.S. dollar with respect to the Mexican peso and other currencies. A severe devaluation or depreciation of the Mexican peso may also result in disruption of the international foreign exchange markets and may limit our ability to transfer or to convert Mexican pesos into U.S. dollars and other currencies for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal on our U.S.

 

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dollar-denominated debt or obligations in other currencies. While the Mexican government does not currently restrict, and since 1982 has not restricted, the right or ability of Mexican or foreign persons or entities to convert Mexican pesos into U.S. dollars or to transfer other currencies out of Mexico, the Mexican government could institute restrictive exchange rate policies in the future, as it has done in the past. Currency fluctuations may have an adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows in future periods.

Political events in Mexico could adversely affect our operations.

Political events in Mexico may significantly affect our operations. In the Mexican federal elections held on July 2, 2000, Vicente Fox of the Partido Acción Nacional (the National Action Party) or PAN, won the presidency. Although his victory ended more than 70 years of presidential rule by the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (the Institutional Revolutionary Party) or PRI, neither the PRI nor the PAN succeeded in securing a majority in the Mexican congress. In elections in 2003 and 2004, the PAN lost additional seats in the Mexican congress and state governorships.

The July 2006 Mexican elections resulted in a change in administration, as presidential reelection is not permitted in Mexico. Felipe Calderón of the incumbent PAN party was elected President by a narrow margin, and the election results were challenged by the losing Partido de la Revolución Democrática (the Democratic Revolution Party) or PRD. The results were verified and ratified by all relevant formalities and President Calderón took office on December 1, 2006. The PAN controls a large percentage of the seats in both Federal legislative bodies, but requires building alliances with other parties to pass new laws and structural reforms. Potential legislative gridlock may adversely affect economic conditions in Mexico, and consequently, our results of operations.

Developments in other Latin American countries in which we operate may adversely affect our business.

In addition to conducting operations in Mexico, our subsidiary Coca-Cola FEMSA conducts operations in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and Argentina and, beginning in 2006, our subsidiary FEMSA Cerveza also conducts operations in Brazil. These countries expose us to different or greater country risk than Mexico. For some of these countries, results of operations in recent years have been adversely affected by deteriorating macroeconomic and political conditions. In Venezuela, significant economic, legal and political instability, including currency devaluation, high unemployment, the introduction of exchange controls and social unrest have resulted in moderate disruptions in production and distribution, higher production costs and declining profitability for Coca-Cola FEMSA. In Brazil, presidential elections were held in 2006 and incumbent president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva was reelected for a new four-year term. Although political and economic stability and country risk have improved significantly in Brazil, and currency has strengthened accordingly, we cannot assure you that these positive trends will continue in future periods.

Our future results may be significantly affected by the general economic and financial conditions in the countries where we operate, by the devaluation of the local currency, inflation or interest rates or by political developments or changes in law. Total revenues increased in Coca-Cola FEMSA’s non-Mexican territories at a higher rate relative to its Mexican territories in 2006 as compared to prior periods, resulting in a greater contribution to its results of operations from these territories, which also have a lower operating margin. Devaluation of the local currencies against the U.S. dollar may increase our operating costs in these countries, and depreciation against the Mexican peso may negatively affect the results of operations for these countries as reported in our Mexican Financial Reporting Standards financial statements. In addition, some of these countries may impose exchange controls that could impact our ability to purchase raw materials in foreign currencies and the ability of the subsidiaries in these countries to remit dividends abroad or make payments other than in local currencies, as is currently the case in Venezuela under regulations imposed in January 2003 that continue to apply. As a result of these potential risks, we may experience lower demand, lower real pricing or increases in costs, which may negatively impact our results of operations.

 

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ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

The Company

Overview

We are a Mexican company headquartered in Monterrey, Mexico, and our origin dates back to 1890. Our company was incorporated on May 30, 1936 and has a duration of 99 years. Our legal name is Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A.B. de C.V., and in commercial contexts we frequently refer to ourselves as FEMSA. On December 5, 2006, as required by the new Mexican Securities Law, we changed our name to reflect that we are a sociedad anónima bursátil de capital variable (a variable capital listed stock corporation), whereas previously companies’ names in Mexico, including ours, did not indicate whether the company was a listed company (sociedad anónima de capital variable). Our principal executive offices are located at General Anaya No. 601 Pte., Colonia Bella Vista, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64410, Mexico. Our telephone number at this location is (52-81) 8328-6000. Our website is www.femsa.com. We are organized as a sociedad anónima bursátil de capital variable under the laws of Mexico. Our agent in the U.S. is Donald Puglisi, 850 Library Avenue, Suite 204, P.O. Box 885, Newark, Delaware 19715.

We conduct our operations through the following principal holding companies, each of which we refer to as a principal sub-holding company:

 

   

Coca-Cola FEMSA, which engages in the production, distribution and marketing of soft drinks;

 

   

FEMSA Cerveza, which engages in the production, distribution and marketing of beer; and

 

   

FEMSA Comercio, which operates convenience stores.

Corporate Background

FEMSA traces its origins to the establishment of Mexico’s first brewery, Cervecería Cuauhtémoc, S.A. de C.V., which we refer to as Cuauhtémoc, that was founded in 1890 by four Monterrey businessmen: Francisco G. Sada, José A. Muguerza, Isaac Garza and José M. Schneider. Descendants of certain of the founders of Cuauhtémoc control our company.

In 1891, the first year of production, Cuauhtémoc produced 2,000 hectoliters of beer. Cuauhtémoc continued to expand through additions to existing plant capacity and through acquisitions of other Mexican breweries, and has continued to increase its production capacity, reaching approximately 33.696 million hectoliters in 2006.

The strategic integration of our company dates back to 1936 when our packaging operations were established to supply crown caps to the brewery. The packaging operations were expanded in 1957 when we began to produce labels and flexible packaging. During this period, these operations were part of what was known as the Monterrey Group, which also included interests in banking, steel and other packaging operations.

In 1974, the Monterrey Group was split between two branches of the descendants of the founding families of Cuauhtémoc. The steel and other packaging operations formed the basis for the creation of Corporación Siderúrgica, S.A. (later Alfa, S.A.B. de C.V.), controlled by the Garza Sada family, and the beverage and banking operations were consolidated under the FEMSA corporate umbrella, controlled by the Garza Lagüera family. FEMSA’s shares were first listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange on September 19, 1978. Between 1977 and 1981, FEMSA diversified its operations through acquisitions in the soft drinks and mineral water industries, the establishment of the first convenience stores under the trade name Oxxo and other investments in the hotel, construction, auto parts, food and fishing industries, which were considered non-core businesses and were subsequently divested.

In August 1982, the Mexican government suspended payment on its international debt obligations and nationalized the Mexican banking system. In 1985, certain controlling shareholders of FEMSA acquired a controlling interest in Cervecería Moctezuma, S.A., which was then Mexico’s third-largest brewery and which we refer to as Moctezuma, and related companies in the packaging industry. FEMSA subsequently undertook an extensive corporate and financial restructuring that was completed in December 1988.

 

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Pursuant to the 1988 restructuring, FEMSA’s assets were combined under a single corporate entity, which became Grupo Industrial Emprex, S.A. de C.V., which we refer to as Emprex. The debt restructuring included a capital increase, capitalization of debt and a divestiture of interests in non-core businesses. As a result of these transactions, FEMSA’s interest in Emprex was diluted to 60%, only to increase subsequently to approximately 68% as a result of the exercise of certain option rights by FEMSA.

In August 1991, FEMSA repurchased approximately 30% of its shares from a dissident minority shareholder. In October 1991, certain majority shareholders of FEMSA acquired a controlling interest in Bancomer, S.A., which we refer to as Bancomer. The investment in Bancomer was undertaken as part of the Mexican government’s reprivatization of the banking system, which had been nationalized in 1982. The Bancomer acquisition was financed in part by a subscription by Emprex’s shareholders, including FEMSA, of shares in Grupo Financiero Bancomer, S.A. de C.V. (currently Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer, S.A. de C.V.), which we refer to as BBVA Bancomer, the Mexican financial services holding company that was formed to hold a controlling interest in Bancomer. In February 1992, FEMSA offered Emprex’s shareholders the opportunity to exchange the BBVA Bancomer shares to which they were entitled for Emprex shares owned by FEMSA. As a result, FEMSA’s interest in Emprex declined to approximately 62%. In connection with these transactions, an 11% interest in Emprex was issued to a European portfolio investor. This reduced FEMSA’s interest in Emprex to approximately 51%. In August 1996, the shares of BBVA Bancomer that were received by FEMSA in the exchange with Emprex’s shareholders were distributed as a dividend to FEMSA’s shareholders.

Upon the completion of these transactions, Emprex began a series of strategic transactions to strengthen the competitive positions of its operating subsidiaries. These transactions included the sale of a 30% strategic interest in Coca-Cola FEMSA to a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company and a subsequent public offering of Coca-Cola FEMSA shares, both of which occurred in 1993, and the sale of a 22% strategic interest in FEMSA Cerveza to Labatt Brewing Company Limited, which we refer to as Labatt, in 1994. Labatt, which was later acquired by InBev S.A., or InBev (known at the time of the acquisition of Labatt as Interbrew), subsequently increased its interest in FEMSA Cerveza to 30%.

In 1998, we completed a reorganization that:

 

   

simplified our capital structure by converting our outstanding capital stock at the time of the reorganization into BD Units and B Units, and

 

   

united the shareholders of FEMSA and the former shareholders of Emprex at the same corporate level through an exchange offer that was consummated on May 11, 1998.

As part of the reorganization, FEMSA listed ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange representing BD Units, and listed the BD Units and its B Units on the Mexican Stock Exchange. Prior to the completion of the exchange offer, FEMSA owned 51.04% of the shares of Emprex. Upon the completion of the exchange offer, FEMSA owned 98.70% of the outstanding shares of Emprex, which amount increased to 99.99% through a tender offer by FEMSA for the remaining Emprex shares.

In July 2002, as a result of the split-up or escisión of Emprex, Compañía Internacional de Bebidas, S.A. de C.V., which we refer to as CIBSA, was created as a new company to hold our interest in Coca-Cola FEMSA.

In May 2003, our subsidiary Coca-Cola FEMSA expanded its operations throughout Latin America by acquiring 100% of Panamco, then the largest soft drink bottler in Latin America in terms of sales volume in 2002. Through its acquisition of Panamco, Coca-Cola FEMSA began producing and distributing Coca-Cola trademark beverages in additional territories in Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil, along with bottled water, beer and other beverages in some of these territories. The Coca-Cola Company and its subsidiaries received Series D Shares in exchange for their equity interest in Panamco of approximately 25%.

On August 31, 2004, we consummated a series of transactions with InBev, Labatt and certain of their affiliates to terminate the existing arrangements between FEMSA Cerveza and Labatt. As a result of these transactions, FEMSA acquired 100% ownership of FEMSA Cerveza and previously existing arrangements among affiliates of FEMSA and InBev relating to governance, transfer of ownership and other matters with respect to

 

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FEMSA Cerveza were terminated. We paid InBev a total of US$ 1,245 million for its affiliates’ 30% interest in FEMSA Cerveza. Pursuant to agreements entered into on June 21, 2004, Heineken USA replaced Labatt USA LLC and Latrobe Brewing Company LLC, which we refer to collectively as Labatt USA, as the exclusive importer, marketer and distributor of FEMSA Cerveza’s beer brands in the United States starting on January 1, 2005. On June 1, 2005, we consummated an equity offering of 80.5 million BD Units (including BD Units in the form of ADSs) and 52.78 million B units that resulted in net proceeds to us of US$ 700 million after underwriting spreads and commissions. We used the proceeds of the equity offering to refinance indebtedness incurred in connection with the transactions with InBev, Labatt and certain of their affiliates.

On January 13, 2006, FEMSA Cerveza acquired 68% of the equity of the Brazilian brewer Kaiser from the Molson Coors Brewing Company, or Molson Coors. FEMSA Cerveza paid US$ 68 million to Molson Coors to acquire 68% of Kaiser at closing. As part of the transaction to acquire Kaiser, FEMSA Cerveza received certain indemnity provisions from Molson Coors in respect of Kaiser’s existing financial debt of approximately US$ 60 million and other contingent liabilities and claims. Following this transaction, Molson Coors retained a 15% ownership stake in Kaiser, while Heineken N.V.’s previous ownership of 17% remained unchanged. In December 2006, Molson Coors completed its exit from Kaiser by exercising a put option for its 15% holding, pursuant to a right granted to it by FEMSA Cerveza at the time FEMSA Cerveza acquired Kaiser from Molson Coors in January 2006. On December 22, 2006, FEMSA Cerveza completed a capital increase of US$200 million in Kaiser, following the successful settlement of the contingent liabilities and claims in respect of Kaiser. Heineken N.V. elected not to participate in the increase, thereby diluting its 17% interest in Kaiser to 0.17%. As a result of these transactions, FEMSA Cerveza now holds a 99.83% participation in Kaiser.

On November 3, 2006, we acquired from certain subsidiaries of The Coca-Cola Company 148,000,000 Series D Shares of Coca-Cola FEMSA through our subsidiary CIBSA, representing 8.02% of the total outstanding stock of Coca-Cola FEMSA. We acquired these shares at a price of US$ 2.888 per share, or US$ 427.4 million in the aggregate, pursuant to a Memorandum of Understanding with The Coca-Cola Company. As of May 31, 2007, FEMSA indirectly owns 53.7% of the capital stock of Coca-Cola FEMSA (63.0% of its capital stock with full voting rights) and The Coca-Cola Company indirectly owns 31.6% of the capital stock of Coca-Cola FEMSA (37.0% of its capital stock with full voting rights). The remaining 14.7% of its capital consists of Series L Shares with limited voting rights, which trade on the Mexican Stock Exchange and on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of ADSs under the trading symbol KOF.

In December 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA and The Coca-Cola Company agreed to acquire Jugos del Valle from its controlling shareholders through a 100% tender offer for an aggregate price of US$ 470 million, including the assumption of net existing debt of approximately US$ 90 million and subject to net capital and debt adjustments at closing. Upon closing of the transaction, Coca-Cola FEMSA and The Coca-Cola Company would jointly become the second largest juice producer in Mexico and the largest in Brazil, providing a platform for growth in the key non-carbonated beverages segment, which we would expect to outgrow all other beverage categories. If the acquisition closes, the remainder of the Coca-Cola bottler system in Mexico and Brazil would be invited to participate in the Jugos del Valle joint venture in their respective countries of operation under the same economic terms and conditions pursuant to which Coca-Cola FEMSA and The Coca-Cola Company entered into the transaction.

On June 25, 2007, the Comisión Federal de Competencia (CFC), or the Mexican Antitrust Commission, notified us of its decision to object to the acquisition of Jugos del Valle. We intend to consider our options with respect to the transaction, which may include seeking a reconsideration of the decision.

On March 7, 2007, Coca-Cola FEMSA issued Ps. 3,000 million in 5-year maturity bonds (certificados bursátiles), in part to finance the Jugos del Valle acquisition and in part to refinance certain bond maturities coming due in April 2007.

 

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Ownership Structure

We conduct our business through our principal sub-holding companies as shown in the following diagram and table:

Principal Sub-holding Companies—Ownership Structure

As of May 31, 2007

LOGO


(1)

Percentage of capital stock, equal to 63.0% of capital stock with full voting rights.

 

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The following tables present an overview of our operations by reportable segment and by geographic region under Mexican Financial Reporting Standards:

Operations by Segment—Overview

Year Ended December 31, 2006(1)(2)

 

     Coca-Cola FEMSA     FEMSA Cerveza     FEMSA Comercio  
    

(in millions of constant Mexican pesos,

except for employees and percentages)

 

Total revenues

   Ps. 57,738    44.8 %   Ps. 35,599    27.6 %   Ps. 35,500    27.6 %

Income from operations

     9,456    54.4       5,915    34.0       1,604    9.2  

Total assets

     75,024    51.6       58,588    40.2       11,865    8.2  

Employees

     56,682    58.0 %     23,201    23.7 %     11,452    11.7 %

Total Revenues Summary by Segment(1)

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2006    2005    2004
     (in millions of constant Mexican pesos)

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   Ps. 57,738    Ps. 53,997    Ps. 51,276

FEMSA Cerveza

     35,599      28,690      26,848

FEMSA Comercio

     35,500      29,898      24,556

Other

     7,678      6,250      5,610

Consolidated total revenues

   Ps. 126,427    Ps. 111,636    Ps. 102,316

Total Revenues Summary by Geographic Region(3)

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2006    2005    2004
     (in millions of constant Mexican pesos)

Mexico

   Ps. 95,795    Ps. 87,281    Ps. 79,634

Central America

     4,145      3,636      3,736

Colombia

     5,586      5,238      4,734

Venezuela

     6,536      5,875      5,563

Brazil

     11,340      6,650      5,865

Argentina

     3,281      3,090      2,871

Consolidated total revenues

   Ps. 126,427    Ps. 111,636    Ps. 102,316

(1) The sum of the financial data for each of our segments and percentages with respect thereto differ from our consolidated financial information due to intercompany transactions, which are eliminated in consolidation, and certain assets and activities of FEMSA.

 

(2) Excludes our other business segment, which had total revenues of Ps. 7,678 million and income from operations of Ps. 415 million in 2006.

 

(3) The sum of the financial data for each geographic region differs from our consolidated financial information due to intercompany transactions, which are eliminated in consolidation.

 

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Significant Subsidiaries

The following table sets forth our significant subsidiaries as of May 31, 2007:

 

Name of Company

   Jurisdiction of
Establishment
   Percentage
Owned
 

CIBSA

   Mexico    100.0 %

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   Mexico    53.7 (1)

Propimex, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    53.7  

Corporación Interamericana de Bebidas, S.A. de C.V. (Panamco)

   Mexico    53.7  

Panamco México, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    53.3  

Industria Nacional de Gaseosas, S.A. (holding company of Colombian operations).

   Colombia    52.5  

Kristine Oversease, S.A. de C.V. (holding company of Brazilian operations)

   Mexico    44.6  

Emprex Cerveza, S.A. de C.V. (Emprex Cerveza)

   Mexico    100.0  

FEMSA Cerveza

   Mexico    100.0  

Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    100.0  

Cervezas Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    100.0  

Emprex

   Mexico    100.0  

FEMSA Comercio

   Mexico    100.0  

Cadena Comercial Oxxo, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    100.0  

Oxxo Express, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    100.0  

(1) Percentage of capital stock. FEMSA owns 63.0% of the capital stock with full voting rights.

Business Strategy

We are a beverage company. Our soft drink operation, Coca-Cola FEMSA, is the largest bottler of Coca-Cola products in Latin America and the second largest in the world, measured in terms of sales volumes in 2006, and our brewing operation, FEMSA Cerveza, is both a significant competitor in the Mexican and Brazilian beer markets as well as an exporter in key international markets including the United States. Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza are our core businesses, which together define our identity and represent the avenues for our future growth. Our beverage businesses are enhanced by Oxxo, the largest convenience store chain in Mexico measured in terms of number of stores at December 31, 2006 and a significant growth driver in its own right.

As a beverage company, we understand the importance of connecting with our end consumers by interpreting their needs, and ultimately delivering the right products to them for the right occasions. We strive to achieve this by developing the value of our brands, expanding our significant distribution capabilities, including aligning our interests with those at our third-party distribution partners in the beer market in Mexico, which in some instances involve us acquiring these third-party partners, and improving the efficiency of our operations. We continue to improve our information gathering and processing systems in order to better know and understand what our consumers want and need, and we are improving our production and distribution by more efficiently leveraging our asset base.

We believe that the competencies that our businesses have developed can be replicated in other geographic regions. This underlying principle guided our consolidation efforts, which culminated in Coca-Cola FEMSA’s acquisition of Panamco on May 6, 2003. The continental platform that this new combination produces—encompassing a significant territorial expanse in Mexico and Central America, including some of the most populous metropolitan areas in Latin America—we believe may provide us with opportunities to create value through both an improved ability to execute our strategies and the use of superior marketing tools.

Our ultimate objectives are achieving sustainable revenue growth, improving profitability and increasing the return on invested capital in each of our operations. We believe that by achieving these goals we will create sustainable value for our shareholders.

 

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Coca-Cola FEMSA

Overview and Background

Coca-Cola FEMSA is the largest bottler of Coca-Cola trademark beverages in Latin America, and the second largest in the world, calculated in each case by sales volume in 2006. It operates in the following territories:

 

   

Mexico – a substantial portion of central Mexico (including Mexico City) and southeast Mexico (including the Gulf region).

 

   

Central America – Guatemala (Guatemala City and surrounding areas), Nicaragua (nationwide), Costa Rica (nationwide) and Panama (nationwide).

 

   

Colombia – most of the country.

 

   

Venezuela – nationwide.

 

   

Argentina – Buenos Aires and surrounding areas.

 

   

Brazil – the area of greater São Paulo, Campinas, Santos, the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and part of the state of Goiás.

Coca-Cola FEMSA was organized on October 30, 1991 as a sociedad anónima de capital variable (a variable capital stock corporation) under the laws of Mexico with a duration of 99 years. On December 5, 2006, in response to the Mexican Securities Law, it became a sociedad anónima bursátil de capital variable (a variable capital listed stock corporation). Its principal executive offices are located at Guillermo González Camarena No. 600, Col. Centro de Ciudad Santa Fé, Delegación Álvaro Obregón, México, D.F., 01210, México. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s telephone number at this location is (52-55) 5081-5100. Its website is www.coca-colafemsa.com.

The following is an overview of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s operations by geographic region in 2006:

Operations by Geographic Region—Overview

Year Ended December 31, 2006(1)

 

     Total
Revenues
   Percentage of
Total Revenues
   Income from
Operations
   Percentage of Income
from Operations

Mexico

   Ps. 30,360    52.6    Ps. 6,390    67.6

Central America

     4,142    7.2      613    6.5

Colombia

     5,507    9.5      727    7.7

Venezuela

     6,532    11.3      169    1.8

Argentina

     3,281    5.7      419    4.4

Brazil

     7,916    13.7      1,138    12.0

(1)

Expressed in millions of Mexican pesos, except for percentages.

Corporate History

In 1979, one of our subsidiaries acquired certain soft drink bottlers that are now a part of Coca-Cola FEMSA. At that time, the acquired bottlers had 13 Mexican distribution centers operating 701 distribution routes, and their production capacity was 83 million physical cases. In 1991, we transferred our ownership in the bottlers to FEMSA Refrescos, S.A. de C.V., the corporate predecessor to Coca-Cola FEMSA, S.A.B. de C.V.

In June 1993, a subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company subscribed for 30% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s capital stock in the form of Series D Shares for US$ 195 million. In September 1993, we sold Series L Shares that represented 19% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s capital stock to the public, and Coca-Cola FEMSA listed these shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange and, in the form of ADSs, on the New York Stock Exchange.

 

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In a series of transactions between 1994 and 1997, Coca-Cola FEMSA acquired the territory for its operations in Buenos Aires, Argentina from a subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola FEMSA expanded its Argentine operations in February 1996 by acquiring territories for the contiguous San Isidro and Pilar areas.

Coca-Cola FEMSA expanded its Mexican operations in November 1997 by acquiring a territory in the state of Chiapas in southern Mexico, after which it covered the entire state of Chiapas.

In May 2003, it acquired Panamco and began producing and distributing Coca-Cola trademark beverages in additional territories in the central and the gulf regions of Mexico and in Central America (Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama), Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil, along with bottled water, beer and other beverages in some of these territories. As a result of the acquisition, the interest of The Coca-Cola Company in the capital stock of Coca-Cola FEMSA increased from 30% to 39.6%.

During August 2004, Coca-Cola FEMSA conducted a rights offering to allow existing holders of its Series L Shares and ADSs to acquire newly-issued Series L Shares in the form of Series L Shares and ADSs, respectively. The purpose of the rights offering was to permit holders of Series L Shares, including in the form of ADSs, to subscribe on a proportionate basis at the same price per share at which FEMSA and The Coca-Cola Company subscribed in connection with the Panamco acquisition. The rights offering expired on September 1, 2004. On March 8, 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s shareholders approved the non-cancellation of the 98,684,857 Series L Shares (equivalent to approximately 9.87 million ADSs) that were not subscribed for in the rights offering. These shares are available for issuance in connection with future transactions and on terms and conditions determined by Coca-Cola FEMSA’s board of directors at an issuance price of no less than US$ 2.216 per share or its equivalent in Mexican currency.

On November 3, 2006, we acquired, through a subsidiary, 148,000,000 of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Series D Shares from certain subsidiaries of The Coca-Cola Company representing 9.4% of the total outstanding voting shares and 8.0% of the total outstanding equity of Coca-Cola FEMSA, at a price of US$ 2.888 per share for an aggregate amount of US$ 427.4 million. The acquisition of such additional shares took place pursuant to the Memorandum of Understanding between FEMSA and The Coca-Cola Company relating to the acquisition of Panamco by Coca-Cola FEMSA in 2003. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders—The Coca-Cola Memorandum.” With this purchase, we increased our ownership to 53.7% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s capital stock. Pursuant to Coca-Cola FEMSA’s bylaws, the acquired shares were converted from Series D Shares to Series A Shares.

On December 19, 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA and The Coca-Cola Company announced an agreement with the controlling shareholders of Jugos del Valle to conduct a public tender offer in Mexico of up to 100% of the outstanding public shares of Jugos del Valle for approximately US$380 million in cash. The price assumes a total aggregate value of US$470 million and that Jugos del Valle has approximately US$90 million in net debt. The final price to be paid would be based on the actual level of debt, net working capital and other liabilities on the date the tender offer is launched. The tender offer would be launched once applicable regulatory approvals were obtained. Coca-Cola FEMSA anticipates that, if the transaction closes, other bottlers in Mexico and Brazil would be invited to participate subsequent to the completion of the acquisition on the same basic terms and conditions.

On June 25, 2007 the Comisión Federal de Competencia of Mexico (CFC), or the Mexican Antitrust Commission, notified us of its decision to object to the acquisition of Jugos del Valle. We intend to consider our options with respect to the transaction, which may include seeking a reconsideration of the decision.

Jugos del Valle is the second largest producer of packaged juices, nectars and fruit flavored beverages in Mexico, the largest producer in Brazil of such products, and it has a presence in other Latin American markets. Jugos del Valle generated approximately US$440 million in total revenues for the 12-month period ended September 30, 2006. If consummated, the transaction would greatly increase Coca-Cola FEMSA’s and The Coca-Cola Company’s presence in the non-carbonated beverage segment in Latin America. The transaction is subject to certain conditions, including applicable regulatory approvals, which were not granted upon initial review by the CFC.

 

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As of March 31, 2007, we indirectly owned Series A Shares equal to 53.7% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s capital stock (63.0% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s capital stock with full voting rights), and The Coca-Cola Company indirectly owned Series D Shares equal to 31.6% of the capital stock of Coca-Cola FEMSA (37.0% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s capital stock with full voting rights). Series L Shares with limited voting rights, which trade on the Mexican Stock Exchange and in the form of ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange, constitute the remaining 14.7% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s capital stock.

Business Strategy

Coca-Cola FEMSA is the largest bottler of Coca-Cola trademark beverages in Latin America in terms of total sales volume in 2006, with operations in Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina and Brazil. While Coca-Cola FEMSA’s corporate headquarters are in Mexico City, it has established divisional headquarters in the following three regions:

 

   

Mexico with headquarters in Mexico City;

 

   

Latin Centro (covering territories in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela) with headquarters in San José, Costa Rica; and

 

   

Mercosur (covering territories in Argentina and Brazil) with headquarters in São Paulo, Brazil.

Coca-Cola FEMSA seeks to provide its shareholders with an attractive return on their investment by increasing its profitability. The key factors in achieving profitability are increasing its revenues by (1) implementing multi-segmentation strategies in its major markets to target distinct market clusters divided by competitive intensity and socioeconomic levels; (2) implementing well-planned product, packaging and pricing strategies through channel distribution; and (3) achieving operational efficiencies throughout Coca-Cola FEMSA. To achieve these goals Coca-Cola FEMSA continues its efforts in:

 

   

working with The Coca-Cola Company to develop a business model to continue exploring new lines of beverages, extend existing products, participate in new beverage segments and effectively advertise and market its products;

 

   

developing and expanding its non-carbonated beverage portfolio organically and through strategic acquisitions together with The Coca-Cola Company;

 

   

implementing packaging strategies designed to increase consumer demand for its products and to build a strong returnable base for the Coca-Cola brand selectively;

 

   

replicating its successful best practices throughout the whole value chain;

 

   

rationalizing and adapting its organizational and asset structure in order to be in a better position to respond to a changing competitive environment;

 

   

strengthening its selling capabilities and selectively implementing its pre-sale system, in order to get closer to its clients and help them satisfy the beverage needs of consumers;

 

   

evaluating its bottled water strategy, in conjunction with The Coca-Cola Company, to maximize its profitability across its market territories;

 

   

committing to building a strong collaborative team, from top to bottom; and

 

   

seeking to expand its geografical footprint.

Coca-Cola FEMSA seeks to increase per capita consumption of soft drinks in the territories in which it operates. To that end, its marketing teams continuously develop sales strategies tailored to the different characteristics of its various territories and channels. Coca-Cola FEMSA continues to develop its product portfolio to better meet market demand and maintain its overall profitability. To stimulate and respond to consumer demand, it continues to introduce new products and new presentations. See “—Product and Packaging Mix.” It also seeks to increase placement of refrigeration equipment, including promotional displays, through the

 

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strategic placement of such equipment in retail outlets in order to showcase and promote its products. In addition, because Coca-Cola FEMSA views its relationship with The Coca-Cola Company as integral to its business strategy, it uses market information systems and strategies developed with The Coca-Cola Company to improve its coordination with the worldwide marketing efforts of The Coca-Cola Company. See “—Marketing—Channel Marketing.”

Coca-Cola FEMSA seeks to rationalize its manufacturing and distribution capacity to improve the efficiency of its operations. In 2003 and 2004, as part of the integration process from its acquisition of Panamco, it closed several under-utilized manufacturing centers and shifted distribution activities to other existing facilities. Coca-Cola FEMSA closed additional distribution centers in 2005 and 2006. See “—Description of Property, Plant and Equipment.” In each of its facilities, Coca-Cola FEMSA seeks to increase productivity through infrastructure and process reengineering for improved asset utilization. Its capital expenditure program includes investments in production and distribution facilities, bottles, cases, coolers and information systems. Coca-Cola FEMSA believes that this program will allow it to maintain its capacity and flexibility to innovate and to respond to consumer demand for non-alcoholic beverages.

Finally, Coca-Cola FEMSA focuses on management quality as a key element of its growth strategies and remains committed to fostering the development of quality management at all levels. Both our company and The Coca-Cola Company provide Coca-Cola FEMSA with managerial experience. To build upon these skills, Coca-Cola FEMSA also offers management training programs designed to enhance its executives’ abilities, exchange experiences, know-how and talent among an increasing number of multinational executives from its new and existing territories.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Markets

The following map shows the locations of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories, giving estimates in each case of the population to which it offers products, the number of retailers of its carbonated soft drinks and the per capita consumption of its carbonated soft drinks:

 

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LOGO

Per capita consumption data for a territory is determined by dividing carbonated soft drink sales volume within the territory (in bottles, cans, and fountain containers) by the estimated population within such territory, and is expressed on the basis of the number of eight-ounce servings of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s products consumed annually per capita. In evaluating the development of local volume sales in its territories, Coca-Cola FEMSA and The Coca-Cola Company measure, among other factors, the per capita consumption of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s carbonated soft-drinks.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Products

Coca-Cola FEMSA produces, markets and distributes Coca-Cola trademark beverages, proprietary brands and brands licensed from third parties. The Coca-Cola trademark beverages include colas, flavored soft drinks, water and beverages in other categories such as juice drinks and isotonics. The following table sets forth Coca-Cola FEMSA’s main brands as of March 31, 2007:

 

Colas:

   Mexico   

Central

America

   Colombia    Venezuela    Brazil    Argentina

Coca-Cola

   ü      ü      ü      ü      ü      ü  

Coca-Cola light

   ü      ü      ü      ü      ü      ü  

 

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Flavored Soft Drinks:

   Mexico   

Central

America

   Colombia    Venezuela    Brazil    Argentina

Chinotto

            ü        

Crush

         ü            ü  

Fanta

   ü      ü      ü         ü      ü  

Fresca

   ü                 

Frescolita

      ü         ü        

Hit

            ü        

Kuat

               ü     

Lift

   ü      ü      ü           

Mundet(1)

   ü                 

Premio(2)

         ü           

Quatro

         ü            ü  

Simba

               ü     

Sprite

   ü      ü      ü         ü      ü  

Taí

               ü      ü  

 

Water:

   Mexico    Central
America
   Colombia    Venezuela    Brazil    Argentina

Alpina(2)

      ü              

Ciel

   ü                 

Crystal(2)

               ü     

Manantial

         ü           

Nevada

            ü        

Santa Clara(2)

         ü           

 

Other Categories:

   Mexico    Central
America
   Colombia    Venezuela    Brazil    Argentina

Dasani(3)

      ü      ü            ü  

Hi-C(4)

      ü               ü  

Nestea

   ü      ü         ü      ü     

Powerade(5)

   ü      ü      ü      ü        

Sonfil(4)

            ü        

(1) Brand licensed from FEMSA.

 

(2) Proprietary brand.

 

(3) Flavored no-calorie water. (In Argentina also as still water)

 

(4) Juice based drink.

 

(5) Isotonic.

Sales Overview

Coca-Cola FEMSA measures total sales volume in terms of unit cases. Unit case refers to 192 ounces of finished beverage product (24 eight-ounce servings) and, when applied to fountain syrup, powders and concentrate, refers to the volume of fountain syrup, powders and concentrate that is required to produce 192 ounces of finished beverage product. The following table illustrates Coca-Cola FEMSA’s historical sales volume for each of its territories.

 

    

Sales Volume

Year Ended December 31,

     2006    2005    2004
     (millions of unit cases)

Mexico

   1,070.7    1,025.0    989.9

Central America

   120.3    109.4    110.6

Colombia

   190.9    179.7    167.1

Venezuela

   182.6    172.5    172.7

Argentina

   164.9    150.1    144.3

Brazil

   268.7    252.5    227.5
              

Combined Volume

   1,998.1    1,889.2    1,812.1

 

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Product and Packaging Mix

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s most important brand is Coca-Cola and its line extensions, Coca-Cola light, Coca-Cola light caffeine free and Coca-Cola light with lime, which together accounted for 62.5% of total sales volume in 2006. Ciel (including jug presentations), Fanta, Sprite, Lift and Fresca, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s next largest brands in consecutive order, accounted for 10.5%, 6.1%, 3.0%, 1.9% and 1.7%, respectively, of total sales volume in 2006. Coca-Cola FEMSA uses the term line extensions to refer to the different flavors in which it offers its brands. Coca-Cola FEMSA produces, markets and distributes Coca-Cola trademark beverages in each of its territories in containers authorized by The Coca-Cola Company, which consist of a variety of returnable and non-returnable presentations in the form of glass bottles, cans and plastic bottles made of polyethylene terephtalate, which it refers to as PET.

Coca-Cola FEMSA uses the term presentation to refer to the packaging unit in which it sells its products. Presentation sizes for our Coca-Cola trademark beverages range from a 4-ounce personal size to a 20-liter multiple serving size. Coca-Cola FEMSA considers a multiple serving size as equal to or larger than 1.0 liter. In general, personal sizes have a higher price per unit case as compared to multiple serving sizes. Coca-Cola FEMSA offers both returnable and non-returnable presentations, which allows it to offer different combinations of convenience and price to implement revenue management strategies and to target specific distribution channels and population segments in its territories. In addition, it sells some Coca-Cola trademark beverage syrups in containers designed for soda fountain use, which it refers to as fountain. Coca-Cola FEMSA also sells bottled water products in jug sizes, which refers to sizes larger than 17 liters, that have a much lower price per unit than its other beverage products.

In addition to Coca-Cola trademark beverages, Coca-Cola FEMSA produces, markets and distributes certain other proprietary brands and beverages licensed from third parties other than The Coca-Cola Company in a variety of presentations.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s core brands are principally the Coca-Cola trademark beverages. It sells certain of these brands or their line extensions at a premium in some of our territories, in which it refers to them as premium brands. Coca-Cola FEMSA also sells certain other brands at a lower price per ounce, which it refers to as value protection brands.

The characteristics of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories are very diverse. Central Mexico and Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories in Argentina are densely populated and have a large number of competing carbonated soft drink brands as compared to the rest of our territories. Brazil is densely populated but has lower per capita consumption of carbonated soft drink products as compared to Mexico. Portions of Central America and Colombia are large and mountainous areas with lower population density, lower per capita income and lower per capita consumption of soft drink products. In Venezuela, per capita consumption of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s products has improved in spite of operating disruptions faced in 2006.

The following discussion analyzes Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product and packaging mix by segment. The volume data presented is for the years 2006, 2005 and 2004.

Mexico. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product portfolio consists of Coca-Cola trademark beverages, and since 2001 has included the Mundet trademark beverages. In 2007, as part of its efforts to revitalize the Coca-Cola brand Coca-Cola FEMSA launched Coca-Cola Zero, a line extension of the Coca-Cola brand. Carbonated soft drink per capita consumption of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s products in its Mexican territories in 2006 was 410 eight-ounce servings.

 

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The following table highlights historical sales volume and mix in Mexico for its products:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2006     2005     2004  
     (millions of unit cases)  

Product Sales Volume

  

Total

   1,070.7     1,025.0     989.9  

% Growth

   4.5 %   3.5 %   (1.2 )%
     (in percentages)  

Unit Case Volume Mix by Category

  

Total Carbonated Soft Drinks

   79.6 %   79.6 %   80.4 %

Water(1)

   19.5     19.7     19.1  

Other Categories

   0.9     0.7     0.5  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Product Mix by Presentation

  

Returnable

   26.0 %   26.6 %   28.4 %

Non-returnable and fountain

   59.2     58.4     57.2  

Jug

   14.8     15.0     14.4  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  

(1) Includes jug volume.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s most popular soft drink presentations were the 2.5-liter returnable plastic bottle, the 0.6-liter non-returnable plastic bottle and the 2.5-liter non-returnable plastic bottle, which together accounted for 55% of total carbonated soft drink sales volume in Mexico in 2006. Since 2004, Coca-Cola FEMSA has introduced a number of new presentations in Mexico. These include 2.5-liter returnable plastic bottles, 1.25-liter returnable glass bottles, 1.5-liter non-returnable plastic bottles, 8, 10.5 and 16-ounce cans, 0.45-liter non-returnable plastic bottles, 0.71-liter non-returnable plastic bottles and 4-ounce non-returnable glass bottles. During 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA complemented its portfolio in the returnable presentations with the roll-out of a 1.25-liter returnable glass presentation at an affordable price. This presentation accounted for over 30% of its incremental volume in the year. Multiple serving presentations are an important component of its product mix. In 2006, multiple serving presentations represented 63.4% of total carbonated soft drink sales volume in Mexico, representing 6.8% growth as compared to 2005. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s commercial strategies seek to foster consumption in single serving presentations while maintaining multiple serving volumes.

In the past, the packaging trend in the soft drink industry in Mexico had moved toward non-returnable presentations. However, in 2004, due to the entrance of low price brands in multiple serving size presentations, Coca-Cola FEMSA refocused its packaging mix strategy to reinforce its sales of multiple serving size returnable packages. As a result, carbonated soft drink non-returnable presentations remained almost flat as a percentage of total sales volume in Mexico in 2004. In 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s carbonated soft drink non-returnable presentations slightly increased as a percentage of its total sales volume from 68.7% in 2005 to 69.5% in 2006. Returnable plastic and glass presentations offer consumers a more affordable, although less convenient, product. Coca-Cola FEMSA believes returnable packages present an opportunity to attract new customers and maintain customer loyalty, because they make Coca-Cola trademark beverages more attractive to price-sensitive consumers. The price of a 2.5-liter returnable package is normally more than 14% lower than a non-returnable package of the same size. These returnable products are mainly sold to small store retailers, which represent the largest distribution channel in the Mexican market, and benefit from returnable bottles’ lower price per ounce, which allows them to compete with larger supermarkets. Coca-Cola FEMSA believes that its continued commitment to returnable bottle availability will allow it to compete with low-price entrants to the Mexican soft drink market.

Total sales volume reached 1,070.7 million unit cases in 2006, an increase of 4.5% compared to 1,025.0 million unit cases in 2005. Carbonated soft drink sales volume grew 4.4%, accounting for almost 80% of the total incremental volumes during the year. Carbonated soft drink volume growth was mainly driven by strong growth of the Coca-Cola brand.

 

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Central America. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product sales in Central America consist predominantly of Coca-Cola trademark beverages. In 2006, the per capita consumption of carbonated Coca-Cola soft drink products in Central America was 151 eight-ounce servings.

The following table highlights historical total sales volume and sales volume mix in Central America:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2006     2005     2004  
      (millions of unit cases)  

Product Sales Volume

  

Total

   120.3     109.4     110.6  

% Growth

   10.0 %   (1.1 )%   3.1 %
     (in percentages)  

Unit Case Volume Mix by Category

  

Total Carbonated Soft Drinks

   90.9 %   93.6 %   94.3 %

Water

   4.4     4.3     4.1  

Other Categories

   4.7     2.1     1.6  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Product Mix by Presentation

  

Returnable

   34.9 %   41.9 %   48.3 %

Non-returnable and fountain

   65.1     58.1     51.7  

Jug

   —       —       —    
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  

In Central America, Coca-Cola FEMSA sells the majority of its sales volume through small retailers. In 2006, multiple serving presentations represented 50.6% of total carbonated soft drink sales volume in Central America, compared with 48.8% in 2005. Beginning in 2004, Coca-Cola FEMSA faced greater competition as a result of the entrance of low price brands in the Central American region. As a result, Coca-Cola FEMSA reinforced its packaging portfolio offering for the Coca-Cola brand with the introduction of 1.5-liter and 2.5-liter non-returnable plastic bottles and a more affordable 2.5-liter returnable plastic bottle. In 2006, looking for a higher participation in the growing non-carbonated beverage segment, Coca-Cola FEMSA complemented its product portfolio with the inclusion of Hi-C, a juice based product.

Total sales volume was 120.3 million unit cases in 2006, increasing 10.0% compared to 109.4 million in 2005. Carbonated soft drink volumes in the year accounted for 60% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s total incremental volume and non-carbonated beverages were the majority of the balance.

Colombia. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product portfolio in Colombia consists of Coca-Cola trademark beverages, certain products sold under proprietary trademarks and other brands, which Coca-Cola FEMSA licenses from third parties. In 2006, the per capita consumption of carbonated Coca-Cola soft drink products in Colombia was 87 eight-ounce servings.

 

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The following table highlights historical total sales volume and sales volume mix in Colombia:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2006     2005     2004  
      (millions of unit cases)  

Product Sales Volume

  

Total

   190.9     179.7     167.1  

% Growth

   6.2 %   7.5 %   (2.7 )%
     (in percentages)  

Unit Case Volume Mix by Category

  

Total Carbonated Soft Drinks

   87.9 %   87.9 %   86.4 %

Water(1)

   10.9     11.7     13.2  

Other Categories

   1.2     0.4     0.4  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Product Mix by Presentation

  

Returnable

   43.2 %   46.2 %   50.7 %

Non-returnable and fountain

   51.3     47.8     42.9  

Jug

   5.5     6.0     6.4  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  

(1) Includes jug volume.

The Colombian market is characterized by lower per capita consumption and relatively lower levels of non-returnable presentations compared with the rest of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories. In 2006, multiple serving presentations represented 52.3% of total carbonated soft drink sales volume in Colombia. At the beginning of 2005, Coca-Cola FEMSA launched Crush Multiflavors to enhance its competitive position, foster demand for flavored carbonated soft drink brands and leverage its extended distribution and improved execution capabilities countrywide. In 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA launched Dasani, a no-calorie flavored water to complement its product portfolio.

Total sales volume was 190.9 million unit cases in 2006, an increase of 6.2% compared to 179.7 million in 2005, driven by carbonated soft drinks volume growth, which accounted for almost 90% of total incremental volumes.

Venezuela. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product portfolio in Venezuela consists predominantly of Coca-Cola trademark beverages. In 2006, the per capita consumption of carbonated Coca-Cola soft drink products in Venezuela was 147 eight-ounce servings.

 

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The following table highlights historical total sales volume and sales volume mix in Venezuela:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2006     2005     2004  
     (millions of unit cases)  

Product Sales Volume

  

Total

   182.6     172.5     172.7  
                  

% Growth

   5.9 %   (0.1 )%   13.9 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Unit Case Volume Mix by Category

  

Total Carbonated Soft Drinks

   87.7 %   86.6 %   86.3 %

Water(1)

   7.5     8.7     8.2  

Other Categories

   4.8     4.7     5.5  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Product Mix by Presentation

  

Returnable

   17.5 %   24.7 %   30.1 %

Non-returnable and fountain

   81.2     72.2     66.4  

Jug

   1.3     3.1     3.5  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  

(1) Includes jug volume.

During 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA continued facing periodic operating difficulties that prevented it from producing and distributing enough supply. Coca-Cola FEMSA implemented a product portfolio rationalization strategy in the second half of the year, which enabled it to increase its total sales volume for the year by 5.9%.

In 2006, multiple serving presentations represented 69.1% of total carbonated soft drink sales volume in Venezuela. Total sales volume was 182.6 million unit cases in 2006, an increase of 5.9% compared to 172.5 million in 2005, driven by volume growth in the carbonated soft drink segment. In 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA focused on fostering volume growth of its core flavored carbonated soft drinks, posting a 13% growth for the year in this category. These incremental volumes, combined with volume growth of the Coca-Cola brand, more than offset volume decline of the value protection brands.

Argentina. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product portfolio in Argentina consists exclusively of Coca-Cola trademark beverages. In 2006, the per capita consumption of carbonated Coca-Cola soft drink products was 351 eight-ounce servings.

The following table highlights historical total sales volume and sales volume mix in Argentina:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2006     2005     2004  
   (millions of unit cases)  

Product Sales Volume

  

Total

   164.9     150.1     144.3  
                  

% Growth

   9.8 %   4.0 %   14.0 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Unit Case Volume Mix by Category

  

Total Carbonated Soft Drinks

   96.6 %   97.3 %   98.6 %

Water

   1.2     1.4     0.8  

Other Categories

   2.2     1.3     0.6  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Product Mix by Presentation

  

Returnable

   24.7 %   25.9 %   26.9 %

Non-returnable and fountain

   75.3     74.1     73.1  

Jug

   —       —       —    
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  

 

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During 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s packaging mix continues shifting towards non-returnable presentations. Returnable packaging accounted for 24.7% of total sales volume in Argentina in 2006 as compared to 25.9% in 2005. In 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA introduced Dasani, a no-calorie flavored water to complement its non-carbonated beverage portfolio.

Total sales volume reached 164.9 million unit cases in 2006, an increase of 9.8% compared with 150.1 million in 2005. In 2006, core and premium brands incremental volumes more than offset volume decline of the value protection brands. In Argentina, premium brands consist of diet carbonated soft drinks and Schweppes. The majority of the volume growth came from Coca-Cola FEMSA’s non-returnable presentations, which represented over 65% of the sales volume increase. In 2006, multiple serving presentations for the carbonated soft drinks remained almost flat at 83.7% as compared to 83.4% in 2005.

Brazil. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product portfolio in Brazil consists mainly of Coca-Cola trademark beverages and certain products sold under proprietary trademarks and the Kaiser beer brand, which it sells and distributes on behalf of FEMSA. In 2006, the per capita consumption of carbonated Coca-Cola soft drink products in Brazil was 196 eight-ounce servings.

The following table highlights historical total sales volume and sales volume mix in Brazil:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2006     2005     2004  
     (millions of unit cases)  

Product Sales Volume

  

Total

   268.7     252.5     227.5  
                  

% Growth

   6.4 %   11.0 %   4.8 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Unit Case Volume Mix by Category

  

Total Carbonated Soft Drinks

   91.7 %   92.3 %   93.4 %

Water

   7.3     6.9     5.8  

Other Categories

   1.0     0.8     0.8  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Product Mix by Presentation

  

Returnable

   10.5 %   8.7 %   5.3 %

Non-returnable and fountain

   89.5     91.3     94.7  

Jug

   —       —       —    
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  

During 2006, consistent with its strategy of strengthening its returnable base, Coca-Cola FEMSA introduced Fanta in a 1.0-liter returnable glass bottle, which together with the rest of the returnable portfolio accounted for almost 40% of its incremental carbonated soft drinks volumes during the year.

Total sales volume was 268.7 million unit cases in 2006, an increase of 6.4% compared to 252.5 million in 2005. This increase included 5.7% carbonated soft drink volume growth during the year. Volume increase was a result of volume growth across all our beverage categories, including strong volume growth from the Coca-Cola brand in both returnable and non-returnable presentations, and incremental volumes from our water brand Crystal due to increased focus on both brands. In 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA introduced Minute Maid Mais, a juice based product to complement our product portfolio.

Coca-Cola FEMSA sells and distributes the Kaiser brands of beer in its territories in Brazil. In January 2006, FEMSA Cerveza acquired an indirect controlling stake in Cervejarias Kaiser Brasil S.A. or Cervejarias Kaiser. Coca-Cola FEMSA has subsequently agreed to continue to distribute the Kaiser beer portfolio and to assume the sales function in São Paulo, Brazil, consistent with the arrangements in place prior to 2004.

 

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Seasonality

Sales of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s products are seasonal, as its sales levels generally increase during the summer months of each country and during the Christmas holiday season. In Mexico, Central America, Colombia and Venezuela, Coca-Cola FEMSA typically achieves its highest sales during the summer months of April through September as well as during the Christmas holidays in December. In Argentina and Brazil, its highest sales levels occur during the summer months of October through March and the Christmas holidays in December.

Marketing

Coca-Cola FEMSA, in conjunction with The Coca-Cola Company, has developed a sophisticated marketing strategy to promote the sale and consumption of its products. It relies extensively on advertising, sales promotions and non-price related retailer incentive programs designed by local affiliates of The Coca-Cola Company to target the particular preferences of its soft drink consumers. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s marketing expenses in 2006, net of contributions by The Coca-Cola Company, were Ps. 2,140 million. The Coca-Cola Company contributed an additional Ps. 1,164 million in 2006. Through the use of advanced information technology, Coca-Cola FEMSA has collected customer and consumer information that allows it to tailor its marketing strategies to the types of customers located in each of its territories and to meet the specific needs of the various market segments it serves.

Retailer Incentive Programs. Incentive programs include providing retailers with commercial coolers for the display and cooling of soft drink products and for point-of-sale display materials. Coca-Cola FEMSA seeks, in particular, to increase the number of distribution coolers among retailers to increase the visibility and consumption of its products and to ensure that they are sold at the proper temperature. Sales promotions include sponsorship of community activities, sporting, cultural and social events, and consumer sales promotions such as contests, sweepstakes and product giveaways.

Advertising. Coca-Cola FEMSA advertises in all major communications media. It focuses its advertising efforts on increasing brand recognition by consumers and improving its customer relations. National advertising campaigns are designed and proposed by The Coca-Cola Company’s local affiliates, with Coca-Cola FEMSA’s input at the local or regional level.

Channel Marketing. In order to provide more dynamic and specialized marketing of its products, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s strategy is to segment its market and develop targeted efforts for each segment or distribution channel. Its principal channels are small retailers, “on-premise” consumption such as restaurants and bars, supermarkets and third party distributors. Presence in these channels entails a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the purchasing patterns and preferences of various groups of soft drink consumers in each of the different types of locations or distribution channels. In response to this analysis, Coca-Cola FEMSA tailors its product, price, packaging and distribution strategies to meet the particular needs of and exploit the potential of each channel.

Coca-Cola FEMSA believes that the implementation of its channel marketing strategy also enables it to respond to competitive initiatives with channel-specific responses as opposed to market-wide responses. This focused response capability isolates the effects of competitive pressure in a specific channel, thereby avoiding costlier market-wide responses. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s channel marketing activities are facilitated by its management information systems. It has invested significantly in creating these systems, including in hand-held computers to support the gathering of product, consumer and delivery information, for most of its sales routes in Mexico and Argentina and selectively in other territories.

Multi-segmentation. Coca-Cola FEMSA has been implementing a multi-segmentation strategy in the majority of its markets. This strategy consists on the implementation of different product/price/package portfolios by market cluster or group. These clusters are defined based on competitive intensity and socio-economic levels, rather than solely on the types of distribution channels. Coca-Cola FEMSA has developed a market intelligence

 

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system that it refers to as the right-execution-daily system (RED), which has allowed it to implement this strategy. This system provides the data required to target specific consumer segments and channels and allows it to collect and analyze the data required to tailor its product, package, price and distribution strategies to fit different consumer needs.

Product Distribution

The following table provides an overview of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product distribution centers and the retailers to which it sells its products:

Product Distribution Summary

as of December 31, 2006

 

     Mexico    Central
America
   Colombia    Venezuela    Argentina    Brazil

Distribution Centers

   92    28    37    32    5    12

Retailers (in thousands)(1)

   624.1    115.7    381.1    224.2    79.1    122.3

(1) Estimated.

Coca-Cola FEMSA uses two main sales methods depending on market and geographic conditions: (1) the traditional or conventional truck route system, in which the person in charge of the delivery makes immediate sales from inventory available on the truck and (2) the pre-sale system, which separates the sales and delivery functions and allows sales personnel to sell products prior to delivery and trucks to be loaded with the mix of products that retailers have previously ordered, thereby increasing distribution efficiency. As part of the pre-sale system, sales personnel also provide merchandising services during retailer visits, which Coca-Cola FEMSA believes enhance the presentation of its products at the point of sale. In certain areas, it also makes sales through third party wholesalers of its products. The vast majority of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s sales are on a cash basis.

Coca-Cola FEMSA continually evaluates its distribution model in order to fit with the local dynamics of the market place. It is currently analyzing the way we go to market, recognizing different service needs from its customers, while looking for a more efficient distribution model. As part of this strategy, it is rolling out a variety of new distribution models throughout its territories looking for improvements in its distribution network.

Coca-Cola FEMSA believes that service visits to retailers and frequency of deliveries are essential elements in an effective selling and distribution system for its products. Accordingly, Coca-Cola FEMSA has continued to expand its pre-sale system throughout its operations in a selective way.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s distribution centers range from large warehousing facilities and re-loading centers to small deposit centers. In addition to its fleet of trucks, it distributes its products in certain locations through a fleet of electric carts and hand-trucks in order to comply with local environmental and traffic regulations. Coca-Cola FEMSA generally retains third parties to transport its finished products from the bottler plants to the distribution centers.

Mexico. Coca-Cola FEMSA contracts with one of our subsidiaries for the transportation of finished products to its distribution centers from its Mexican production facilities. From the distribution centers, Coca-Cola FEMSA then distributes its finished products to retailers through its own fleet of trucks. During 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA closed 14 out of 106 distribution centers in its Mexican operations.

In Mexico, Coca-Cola FEMSA sells a majority of its beverages at small retail stores to customers who take the beverages home or elsewhere for consumption. It also sells products through the “on-premise” segment, supermarkets and others. The “on-premise” segment consists of sales through sidewalk stands, restaurants, bars and various types of dispensing machines as well as sales through point-of-sale programs in concert halls, auditoriums and theaters.

 

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Central America. Coca-Cola FEMSA distributes its finished products to retailers through a combination of its own fleet of trucks and third party distributors. At the end of 2006, it operated 28 distribution centers in its Central American territories. As in most of its territories, in Central American operations, an important part of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s total sales volume is through small retailers, and it has low supermarket penetration.

Colombia. Coca-Cola FEMSA distributes its finished products to retailers through a combination of its own fleet of trucks and third party distributors. During 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA closed five distribution facilities in Colombia. This territory also has low supermarket penetration, which means an important part of our total sales volume is through small retailers.

Venezuela. Coca-Cola FEMSA distributes its finished products to retailers through a combination of its own fleet of trucks and third party distributors. Its Venezuelan operations distribute a significant part of total sales through small retailers and supermarkets, which in most of its operations have a less significant presence.

Argentina. As of December 31, 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA operated 5 distribution centers in Argentina. It distributes its finished products to retailers through a combination of its own fleet of trucks and third party distributors.

In 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA sold the majority of its products in the take-home segment, which consists of sales to consumers who take the beverages home or elsewhere for consumption. The percentage of total sales volume through supermarkets remained stable at 14.6% in 2006 from 14.3% in 2005.

Brazil. In Brazil, the delivery of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s finished products to customers is by a third party. At the end of 2006, it operated 12 distribution facilities in its Brazilian territories. In contrast with the rest of its territories, which have low supermarket penetration, in Brazil Coca-Cola FEMSA sold more than 20% of its total sales volume through supermarkets in 2006. In addition, in designated zones, third-party distributors purchase its products at a discount from the wholesale price and resell the products to retailers.

Competition

Although Coca-Cola FEMSA believes that its products enjoy wider recognition and greater consumer loyalty than those of its principal competitors, the soft drink segments in the territories in which it operates are highly competitive. Its principal competitors are local bottlers of Pepsi and other bottlers and distributors of national and regional soft drink brands. It faces increased competition in many of its territories from producers of low price beverages, commonly referred to as “B brands.” A number of its competitors in Central America, Argentina and Brazil offer both soft drinks and beer, which may enable them to achieve distribution efficiencies.

Recently, price discounting and packaging have joined consumer sales promotions, customer service and non-price retailer incentives as the primary means of competition among soft drink bottlers. Coca-Cola FEMSA competes by seeking to offer products at an attractive price in the different segments in its markets and by building on the value of its brands. Coca-Cola FEMSA believes that the introduction of new products and new presentations has been a significant competitive technique that allows it to increase demand for its products, provide different options to consumers and increase new consumption opportunities.

Mexico. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s principal competitors in Mexico are bottlers of Pepsi products, whose territories overlap but are not co-extensive with its own. In central Mexico it competes with a subsidiary of PBG, the largest bottler of Pepsi products globally, and Grupo Embotelladores Unidos, S.A.B. de C.V., the Pepsi bottler in central and southeast Mexico. In addition, Coca-Cola FEMSA competes with Cadbury Schweppes and with other national and regional brands in its Mexican territories. It continues to face competition from low price producers offering multiple serving size presentations in the soft drink industry.

 

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Central America. In the countries that comprise its Central America segment, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s main competitors are Pepsi bottlers. In Guatemala and Nicaragua, it competes against a joint venture between AmBev and The Central American Bottler Corporation. In Costa Rica, its principal competitor is Embotelladora Centroamericana, S.A., and in Panama, its main competitor is Refrescos Nacionales, S.A. During 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA continued to face competition from low price producers offering multiple serving size presentations in some Central American countries.

Colombia. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s principal competitor in Colombia is Postobón S.A., which we refer to as Postobón, a well-established local bottler that sells flavored soft drinks, some of which have a wide consumption preference, such as cream soda, which is the second most popular category in the Colombian soft drink industry in terms of total sales volume, and that also sells Pepsi products. Postobón is a vertically integrated producer, the owners of which hold other significant commercial interests in Colombia. During 2007, Coca-Cola FEMSA expects to face an increase in competition from low price producers offering multiple serving size presentations.

Venezuela. In Venezuela, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s main competitor is Pepsi-Cola Venezuela, C.A., a joint venture formed between PepsiCo. and Empresas Polar, S.A., the leading beer distributor in the country. It also competes with the producers of Kola Real in part of the country.

Argentina. In Argentina, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s main competitor is BAESA, a Pepsi bottler, which is owned by Argentina’s principal brewery, Quilmes Industrial S.A., and indirectly controlled by AmBev. In addition, it competes with a number of competitors offering generic, low priced soft drinks as well as many other generic products and private label proprietary supermarket brands.

Brazil. In Brazil, Coca-Cola FEMSA competes against AmBev, a Brazilian company with a portfolio of brands that includes Pepsi, local brands with flavors such as guaraná and proprietary beers. It also competes against “B brands” or “Tubainas,” which are small, local producers of low cost flavored soft drinks in multiple serving presentations that represent an important portion of the soft drink market.

Taxation of Soft Drinks

All of the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates, except for Panama, impose a value-added tax on the sale of soft drinks, with a rate of 15% in Mexico, 12% in Guatemala, 15% in Nicaragua, 13% in Costa Rica, 16% in Colombia, 14% in Venezuela, 18% (São Paulo) and 17% (Mato Grosso do Sul) in Brazil and 21% in Argentina. In addition, several of the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates impose the following excise or other taxes:

 

   

Guatemala imposes an excise tax of 0.18 cents in local currency (Ps. 0.26 as of December 31, 2006) per liter of soft drink.

 

   

Costa Rica imposes a specific tax on non-alcoholic bottled beverages based on the combination of packaging and flavor, a 5% excise tax on local brands, a 10% tax on foreign brands and a 14% tax on mixers.

 

   

Nicaragua imposes a 9% tax on consumption.

 

   

Panama imposes a 5% tax based on the cost of goods produced.

 

   

Argentina imposes an excise tax on colas and on flavored soft drinks containing less than 5% lemon juice or less than 10% fruit juice of 8.7%, and an excise tax on flavored soft drinks with 10% or more fruit juice and on mineral water of 4.2%.

 

   

Brazil imposes an average production tax of 16.5% and an average sales tax of 4.6% in the territories where Coca-Cola FEMSA operates.

Price Controls

At present, there are no price controls on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s products in any of its segments. In Mexico, prior to 1992, prices of carbonated soft drinks were regulated by the Mexican government. From 1992 to 1995,

 

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the industry was subject to voluntary price restraints. In response to the devaluation of the Mexican peso relative to the U.S. dollar in 1994 and 1995, however, the Mexican government adopted an economic recovery plan to control inflationary pressures in 1995. As part of this plan, the Mexican government encouraged the Asociación Nacional de Productores de Refrescos y Aguas Carbonatadas, A.C. (the National Association of Bottlers) to engage in voluntary consultations with the Mexican government with respect to price increases for returnable presentations. These voluntary consultations were terminated in 1996. Formal price controls have been imposed historically in several of the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates, including in Colombia, Brazil and Venezuela, and could be imposed in the future. The imposition of price controls in the future may limit Coca-Cola FEMSA’s ability to set prices and adversely affect its results of operations.

Raw Materials

Pursuant to the bottler agreements with The Coca-Cola Company, Coca-Cola FEMSA is required to purchase concentrate, including aspartame, an artificial sweetener used in diet sodas, for all Coca-Cola trademark beverages from companies designated by The Coca-Cola Company. The price of concentrate for all Coca-Cola trademark beverages is a percentage of the average price Coca-Cola FEMSA charges to its retailers in local currency net of applicable taxes. Although The Coca-Cola Company has the right to unilaterally set the price of concentrates, in practice this percentage has historically been set pursuant to periodic negotiations with The Coca-Cola Company. In most cases, concentrate is purchased in the local currency of the territory.

In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company decided to gradually increase concentrate prices for carbonated soft drinks over a three year period in Mexico beginning in 2007, and in Brazil in 2006. As part of the new cooperation framework that Coca-Cola FEMSA arrived at with The Coca-Cola Company at the end of 2006, The Coca-Cola Company will provide a relevant portion of the funds derived from the incidence increase to marketing support of the carbonated and non-carbonated soft drinks portfolio.

In addition to concentrate, Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases sweeteners, carbon dioxide, resin and ingots to make plastic bottles, finished plastic and glass bottles, cans, closures and fountain containers, as well as other packaging materials. Sweeteners are combined with water to produce basic syrup, which is added to the concentrate as the sweetener for the soft drink. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s bottler agreements provide that, with respect to Coca-Cola trademark beverages, these materials may be purchased only from suppliers approved by The Coca-Cola Company. Prices for packaging materials and high fructose corn syrup historically are determined with reference to the U.S. dollar, although the local currency equivalent in a particular country is subject to price volatility in accordance with changes in exchange rates. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s most significant packaging raw material costs arise from the purchase of resin, plastic ingots to make plastic bottles and finished plastic bottles, which it obtains from international and local producers. The prices of these materials are tied to crude oil prices and global resin supply, and in previous years it has experienced volatility in the prices it pays for these materials. In Mexico, its average price for resin started to decline in the second half of 2006, and Coca-Cola FEMSA currently expects prices to remain stable for 2007.

Under Coca-Cola FEMSA’s agreements with The Coca-Cola Company, it may use raw or refined sugar or high fructose corn syrup as sweeteners in its products. Sugar prices in all of the countries in which it operates, other than Brazil, are subject to local regulations and other barriers to market entry that cause it to pay in excess of international market prices for sugar in certain countries. Coca-Cola FEMSA has experienced sugar price volatility in these territories as a result of changes in local conditions, regulations and the stronger correlation to oil prices recently due to the use of sugar in alternative fuels.

None of the materials or supplies that Coca-Cola FEMSA uses is presently in short supply, although the supply of specific materials could be adversely affected by strikes, weather conditions, governmental controls or national emergency situations.

 

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Mexico. Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases its returnable plastic bottles from Continental PET Technologies de México, S.A. de C.V, a subsidiary of Continental Can, Inc., which has been the exclusive supplier of returnable plastic bottles to The Coca-Cola Company and its bottlers in Mexico. Coca-Cola FEMSA also primarily purchases resin from Arteva Specialties, S. de R.L. de C.V. and Industrias Voridian, S.A. de C.V., which ALPLA Fábrica de Plásticos, S.A. de C.V., known as ALPLA, manufactures into non-returnable plastic bottles for it.

Coca-Cola FEMSA primarily purchases sugar from Promotora Mexicana de Embotelladoras, S.A. de C.V., known as PROMESA, a cooperative of Coca-Cola bottlers. These purchases are regularly made under one-year agreements between PROMESA and each bottler subsidiary for the sale of sugar at a price that is determined monthly based on the cost of sugar to PROMESA. Coca-Cola FEMSA also purchases sugar from Beta San Miguel, S.A. de C.V., a sugar cane producer in which it holds a 2.54% equity interest.

In December 2001, the Mexican government expropriated the majority of the sugar mills in Mexico. To manage this industry, the Mexican government entered into a trust agreement with Nacional Financiera, S.N.C., which it refers to as Nafin, a Mexican government-owned development bank, pursuant to which Nafin acts as trustee. In addition, the Mexican government imposed a 20% excise tax, effective January 1, 2002, on carbonated soft drinks sweetened with high fructose corn syrup. As a result, Coca-Cola FEMSA converted its Mexican bottler facilities to sugar cane-based production in early 2002. On January 1, 2003, the Mexican government broadened the reach of this tax by imposing a 20% excise tax on carbonated soft drinks produced with non-sugar sweetener. The effect of these excise taxes was to limit Coca-Cola FEMSA’s ability to substitute other sweeteners for sugar. Coca-Cola FEMSA initiated proceedings in Mexican federal court against this excise tax that allowed it to cease paying the tax in 2005 and 2006. It also resumed the use of high fructose corn syrup as a sweetener. At the end of 2006, effective beginning in 2007, the Mexican government removed this excise tax and the government recently agreed to return the expropriated mills to their former owners. This process has begun and the majority of mills have been returned to these owners.

Imported sugar is also presently subject to import duties, the amount of which is set by the Mexican government. As a result, sugar prices in Mexico are in excess of international market prices for sugar. In 2005, sugar prices remained stable after significant increases in 2004, however, in 2006 prices increased again. Coca-Cola FEMSA expects volatility in sugar prices in Mexico in 2007 due to local regulations and other market barriers to entry.

Central America. The majority of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s raw materials such as glass and plastic bottles and cans are purchased from several local suppliers. Sugar is available from one supplier in each country. Local sugar prices in certain Central American countries are significantly higher than international market prices and Coca-Cola FEMSA’s ability to import sugar or high fructose corn syrup is limited.

Colombia. Coca-Cola FEMSA uses sugar as a sweetener in its products, which it buys from several domestic sources. It purchases pre-formed ingots from Amcor and Tapón Corona de Colombia S.A. It purchases all its glass bottles and cans from suppliers, in which its competitor Postobón owns a 40% equity interest. While other suppliers exist for glass bottles, cans are available only from this one source.

Venezuela. Coca-Cola FEMSA uses sugar as a sweetener in its products, which it purchases primarily from the local market. Since 2003, it has experienced a sugar shortage due to lower domestic production and the inability of the predominant sugar importers to obtain permissions to import. However, it was able to meet its sugar requirements through imports. Coca-Cola FEMSA buys glass bottles from one supplier, Productos de Vidrio, S.A., a local supplier, but there are other alternative suppliers authorized by The Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola FEMSA has several supplier options for plastic non-returnable bottles but it acquires most of its requirements from ALPLA de Venezuela, S.A.

Argentina. In Argentina, Coca-Cola FEMSA uses high fructose corn syrup from several different local suppliers as a sweetener in its products instead of sugar. It purchases glass bottles, plastic cases and other raw

 

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materials from several domestic sources. It purchases pre-formed plastic ingots, as well as returnable plastic bottles, at competitive prices from Embotelladora del Atlántico S.A., a local subsidiary of Embotelladora Andina S.A., a Coca-Cola bottler with operations in Argentina, Chile and Brazil, and other international suppliers. Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases its can presentations and juice-based products for distribution to customers in Buenos Aires from CICAN S.A., in which it owns a 48.1% equity interest.

Brazil. Sugar is widely available in Brazil at local market prices, which historically have been lower than international prices. Coca-Cola FEMSA experienced significant increases in sugar prices in the first half of the year, due to increases in oil prices. In the second half of the year sugar prices declined almost in the same proportion of the previous increase. It expects sugar prices to remain stable in Brazil during 2007. Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases glass bottles, plastic bottles and cans from several domestic and international suppliers.

FEMSA Cerveza

Overview and Background

FEMSA Cerveza produces beer in Mexico and Brazil and exports its products to more than 50 countries worldwide, with North America being its most important export market, followed by certain markets in Europe, Latin America and Asia. In 2006, FEMSA Cerveza was ranked the thirteenth-largest brewer in the world in terms of sales volume. In Mexico, its main market, FEMSA Cerveza is the second largest beer producer in terms of sales volume. In 2006, approximately 69% of FEMSA Cerveza’s sales volume came from Mexico, with the remaining 24% from Brazil and 7% from exports. In 2006, FEMSA Cerveza sold 37.697 million hectoliters of beer.

FEMSA Cerveza’s principal operating subsidiaries are Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma, S.A. de C.V., which operates six breweries in Mexico, Cervejarias Kaiser Brasil S.A., or Kaiser, which operates eight breweries in Brazil, and Cervezas Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma, S.A. de C.V., which operates our company-owned distribution centers across Mexico.

Our management believes that Brazil is one of the most attractive and profitable beer markets in the world. Accordingly, in January 2006, FEMSA Cerveza acquired a 68% equity stake in the Brazilian brewer Kaiser from The Molson Coors Brewing Co., or Molson Coors, for US$68 million, at the same time receiving indemnity rights for certain tax contingencies of Kaiser. Molson Coors later completed its exit from the Brazilian market in December 2006 by exercising a put option to sell its 15% stake in Kaiser to FEMSA Cerveza for US$15.6 million. Under the terms of the agreements governing FEMSA Cerveza’s original acquisition of Kaiser in January 2006, FEMSA Cerveza’s indemnity rights for certain tax contingencies provided by Molson Coors increased proportionately with the incremental 15% stake it acquired. In addition, on December 22, 2006, FEMSA Cerveza completed a capital increase of US$200 million in Kaiser, following the successful settlement of tax contingencies with Brazilian state and federal tax authorities. The capital increase completed the capitalization of Kaiser, which we believe will significantly strengthen Kaiser’s balance sheet and allow us to continue to expand our operations in Brazil. FEMSA Cerveza was the only shareholder to participate in the capital increase, and as a result of these transactions, FEMSA Cerveza owns as of May 31, 2007, 99.83% of the equity of Kaiser. Heineken N.V. elected not to participate in the increase, thereby diluting its 17% interest in Kaiser to 0.17%.

Beer Sales Volume

FEMSA Cerveza volume figures contained in this annual report refer to invoiced sales volume of beer. In Mexico, invoiced sales volume represents the quantity of hectoliters of beer sold by FEMSA Cerveza’s breweries to unaffiliated distributors and by affiliated distributors to retailers. In Brazil, invoiced sales volume represents the quantity of hectoliters of beer sold by Kaiser. Kaiser sells its products to the Brazilian Coca-Cola bottlers, which sell and distribute Kaiser beers in their respective territories. The term hectoliter means 100 liters or approximately 26.4 U.S. gallons.

FEMSA Cerveza’s total beer sales volume totaled 37.697 million hectoliters in 2006, an increase of 39.5% from total sales volume of 27.018 million hectoliters in 2005. In 2006, FEMSA Cerveza’s Mexican beer

 

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sales volume increased by 5.6% to 25.951 million hectoliters and export beer sales volume increased by 15.3% to 2.811 million hectoliters. Brazil sales volume prior to 2006 is not reported as the operation was not owned or operated by FEMSA Cerveza before January 2006.

FEMSA Cerveza Total Beer Sales Volumes

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2006    2005    2004    2003    2002
     (in thousands of hectoliters)

Mexico beer sales volume

   25,951    24,580    23,442    22,582    21,856

Brazil beer sales volume

   8,935    NA    NA    NA    NA

Export beer sales volume

   2,811    2,438    2,240    1,982    1,955

Total beer sales volume

   37,697    27,018    25,682    24,564    23,811

FEMSA Cerveza’s Mexican beer sales volume recorded a compounded average growth rate of 4.4% for the period of 2002 through 2006. This compares with the 3.3% compounded average growth rate of the Mexican gross domestic product for the same period. Mexican beer sales for the same period recorded a 4.2% compounded average growth rate. FEMSA Cerveza’s export sales volume recorded a compound average growth rate of 9.5% for the same period, while the compound average growth rate for export sales was 17.6%.

Femsa Cerveza’s Strategy

In order to achieve its objectives in the Mexican market, FEMSA Cerveza seeks to:

 

   

implement advanced brand, packaging and price information gathering techniques at the point-of-sale to allow FEMSA Cerveza to fine tune its portfolio of brands and pricing at the level of individual retailers;

 

   

innovate through a differentiated brand portfolio and increase the value of its brands by tailoring its portfolio of brands based on the attributes of each brand to specific markets using marketing techniques such as market segmentation, brand positioning and distinctive advertising campaigns;

 

   

establish profitable, long-term relationships with retailers by implementing client-specific strategies to help increase their sales and profitability, such as modifying commercial terms with retailers, promotions and types of refrigeration equipment and point-of-sale marketing materials;

 

   

achieve balanced and profitable retail distribution levels by selecting the appropriate mix of on- and off-premise accounts, and a balance of image-focused accounts (like upscale restaurants) and volume-driven accounts (like beer depots); and

 

   

pursue additional efficiencies and cost reductions on a continuing basis from production to final distribution, by pursuing specific cost reduction efforts, using information technology and improving business processes.

Mexico Operations

The Mexican Beer Market

The Mexican beer market was the eighth largest beer market in the world in terms of industry sales volume in 2006 and is characterized by (1) concentrated domestic beer production, (2) regional market share differences, (3) the prevalence of government licensing regulations and (4) favorable demographics in the beer drinking population.

 

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Concentrated Mexican beer production

Since 1985, Mexico has effectively had only two independent domestic beer producers, FEMSA Cerveza and Grupo Modelo. Grupo Modelo, a publicly traded company based in Mexico City, is the holding company of 76.8% of Diblo, S.A. de C.V., which operates the brewing and packaging subsidiaries of Grupo Modelo. Grupo Modelo’s principal beer brands are Corona, Modelo, Victoria and Pacífico. Grupo Modelo’s Corona, Modelo and Victoria brands are distributed nationwide in Mexico, while Pacífico is sold principally along the pacific coastal regions. Modelo Especial, Modelo Light and Pacífico are Grupo Modelo’s domestic can presentations. FEMSA Cerveza’s sales in the Mexican market depend on its ability to compete with Grupo Modelo.

Historically, beer imports have not been a significant factor in the Mexican beer market, because they were subject to tariffs of up to 20%. Under NAFTA, the tariff on imported beer from the United States and Canada was gradually reduced and eventually eliminated in January 2001. Notwithstanding the reduction in tariff levels, imported beers accounted for approximately 2.1% of the total Mexican beer market in terms of sales volume during 2006. FEMSA Cerveza believes that tariff elimination has had a limited effect on the Mexican beer market because imported beers are largely premium and super-premium products sold in aluminum cans, which are a more expensive means of packaging in Mexico than beer sold in returnable bottles. Periods of relative strength of the Mexican peso with respect to the U.S. dollar, however, may lower the price of imported beer to consumers and may result in increased demand for imported beer in the Mexican market.

Regional market share differences

FEMSA Cerveza and Grupo Modelo are both strongest in beer markets in separate regions of Mexico. FEMSA Cerveza has a stronger market position in the northern and southern areas of Mexico while Grupo Modelo has a stronger market position in central Mexico. We believe that these regional market positions can be traced in part to consumer loyalty to the brand of beer that has historically been associated with a particular region. For example, FEMSA Cerveza’s Carta Blanca brand was first produced in Monterrey, Nuevo León in 1891. The strong regional identity in Monterrey and surrounding northeastern areas is reflected in the region’s preference for Carta Blanca and other FEMSA Cerveza brands.

We also believe that regional market strength is a function of the proximity of the breweries to the markets they serve. Transportation costs restrict the most efficient distribution of beer to a geographic area of approximately 300 to 500 kilometers surrounding a brewery. Generally, FEMSA Cerveza commands a majority of the beer sales in regions that are nearest to its largest breweries. FEMSA Cerveza’s largest breweries are in Orizaba, Veracruz and in Monterrey, Nuevo León. Grupo Modelo’s largest breweries are located in Mexico City, Oaxaca and Zacatecas.

The northern region of Mexico has traditionally enjoyed a higher per capita income level, attributable in part to its rapid industrialization within the last 50 years and to its commercial proximity to the United States. In addition, FEMSA Cerveza believes that per capita beer consumption is also greater in this region due to its warmer climate and a more ingrained beer culture.

Mexican Regional Demographic Statistics

 

Region

   Percent of
2006 Total
Population
    Percent of Total
2006 Gross
Domestic
Product
    Per Capita
2006 Gross
Domestic
Product

Northern

   26.4 %   33.5 %   Ps. 101.3

Southern

   22.7     15.2     53.3

Central

   50.9     51.3     80.1

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   Ps. 79.6

Source: FEMSA Cerveza estimates based on figures published by the Mexican Institute of Statistics (INEGI) and CAPEM Oxford Economics Forecasting.

 

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Government regulation

The Mexican federal government regulates beer consumption in Mexico primarily through taxation while local governments in Mexico regulate primarily through the issuance of licenses that authorize retailers to sell alcoholic beverages.

Federal taxes on beer consisted of a 25% excise tax and a 15% value-added tax, which together represented 43.75% of the total pre-tax price of beer to retailers. In 2005, the excise tax was amended for the first time since January 1998. Effective January 1, 2006, the excise tax is the higher of (1) 25% and (2) Ps. 3 per liter for non-returnable presentation or Ps. 1.74 for returnable presentations, as part of an environmental initiative by the Mexican governmental to encourage returnable presentations. The tax component of retail beer prices is significantly higher in Mexico than in the United States.

The number of retail outlets authorized to sell beer is controlled by local jurisdictions, which issue licenses authorizing the sale of alcoholic beverages. Other regulations regarding beer consumption in Mexico vary according to local jurisdiction and include limitations on the hours during which restaurants, bars and other retail outlets are allowed to sell beer and other alcoholic beverages. FEMSA Cerveza has been engaged in addressing these limitations at various levels, including efforts with governmental and civil authorities to promote better education for the responsible consumption of beer. For instance, as part of its ongoing community activities, FEMSA Cerveza has been an active sponsor of a nationwide designated driver program in Mexico.

Since July 1984, Mexican federal regulation has required that all forms of beer packaging carry a warning advising that excessive consumption of beer is hazardous to one’s health. In addition, the Ley General de Salud (the General Health Law), requires that all beers sold in Mexico maintain a sanitation registration with the Secretaría de Salud (the Ministry of Health).

Demographics of beer drinking population

We estimate that annual per capita beer consumption for the total Mexican population reached approximately 58 liters in 2006, as compared to approximately 81 liters in the United States. The legal drinking age is 18 in Mexico. We consider the population segment of men between the ages of 18 and 45 to be FEMSA Cerveza’s primary market. At least 38% of the Mexican population is under the age of 18 and, therefore, is not considered to be part of the beer drinking population.

Based on historical trends and what management perceives as the continued social acceptance of beer consumption, FEMSA Cerveza believes that general population growth will result in an increase in the number of beer consumers in Mexico. Based on historical trends as measured by the Mexican Institute of Statistics, we expect the Mexican population to grow at an average annual rate of approximately 1.2% per year over the period from 2007 to 2011. We estimate that over the next 10 years approximately in excess of 1.6 million additional people per year will become potential beer consumers due to the natural aging of the Mexican population.

Macroeconomic influences affecting beer consumption

We believe that consumption activity in the Mexican beer market is heavily influenced by the general level of economic activity in Mexico, the country’s gross wage base, changes in real disposable income and employment levels. As a result, the beer industry reacts sharply to economic change. The industry generally experiences high volume growth in periods of economic strength and slower volume growth or volume contraction in periods of economic weakness. Domestic beer sales declined in Mexico in 1982, 1983 and 1995. These sales decreases correspond to periods in which the Mexican economy experienced severe disruptions. Similarly, the economic slowdown observed in 2002 corresponded to a reduction in domestic beer sales in 2002. In 2003, given the effect of a continued economic slowdown on consumers, FEMSA Cerveza decided not to increase prices. The reduction in prices in real terms (after giving effect to inflation) was the main driver for increasing sales volumes during 2003. In 2004, growth in Mexico’s gross domestic product was the main driver for increasing beer sales volume, despite price increases in nominal terms in the Mexican beer industry. In 2005 and 2006, beer sales volume growth outpaced growth in Mexico’s gross domestic product. In 2006, beer sales volume growth was the highest in the last ten years due to the strong economy, which boosted consumption of our products.

 

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Beer Prices

After more than 18 months without a price increase, FEMSA Cerveza increased prices in Mexico during the first quarter of 2004. The effect of these price increases was partially offset by promotional activity that reduced the price of beer, due to a strong competitive environment. During 2005, FEMSA Cerveza increased prices in Mexico in line with inflation. In the first quarter of 2006, FEMSA Cerveza increased prices in Mexico by region, brand, presentation and point of sale, resulting in an average price increase of 3.5% in nominal Mexican peso terms. During 2007, FEMSA Cerveza continues with its segmentation strategy and revenue management and will continue exploring opportunities to improve price, considering the specific conditions of each market.

According to the Bank of Mexico’s consumer beer price index, for the Mexican beer industry as a whole, average consumer beer prices increased 3.5% in nominal terms, which represents no price increase in real terms. The following table shows relative real average retail prices since 2002 for the Mexican beer industry:

Mexican Beer Industry

Cumulative Real Consumer Beer Price Index: 2002-2006

(2002 = 100%)

 

Year Ended December 31,
2006    2005    2004    2003    2002
91.3    91.4    94.4    96.3    100.0

Source: Bank of México

Product Overview

As of December 31, 2006, in Mexico FEMSA Cerveza produced and/or distributed 18 brands of beer in 13 different presentations resulting in a portfolio of 88 different product offerings. The most important brands in FEMSA Cerveza’s Mexican portfolio include: Tecate, Sol, Carta Blanca, Superior and Indio. These five brands, all of which are distributed nationwide in Mexico, accounted for approximately 94% of FEMSA Cerveza’s Mexico beer sales volume in 2006.

Per capita information, product segments, relative prices and packaging information with respect to FEMSA Cerveza have been computed and are based upon our statistics and assumptions.

Beer Presentations

In its Mexican operations, FEMSA Cerveza produces and distributes beer in returnable glass bottles and kegs and in non-returnable aluminum cans and glass bottles. FEMSA Cerveza uses the term presentation to reflect these packaging options. The following table shows the percent of beer sales volume by presentation for the year ended December 31, 2006:

FEMSA Cerveza’s Beer Volume by Presentation, Mexican breweries

Year Ended December 31, 2006

 

Presentation

   Percentage  

Returnable bottles

   57.7 %

Non-returnable presentations

   40.5  

Kegs

   1.8  
      

Total

   100.0 %

 

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Returnable presentations

The most popular form of packaging in the Mexican beer market is the returnable bottle. FEMSA Cerveza believes that the popularity of the returnable bottle is attributable to its lower price to the consumer. While returnable bottles generally cost approximately twice as much to produce as non-returnable bottles, returnable bottles may be reused an average of 30 times before being recycled. As a result, beer producers are able to charge lower prices for beer in returnable bottles. Because non-returnable presentations are the most expensive, we believe that demand for these presentations is highly sensitive to economic factors. During periods when the Mexican economy is weak, returnable sales volume generally increase at a faster rate relative to non-returnable sales volume.

Non-returnable presentations

FEMSA Cerveza’s presentation mix in Mexico has been growing in non-returnable presentations in the last few years, as we tailor our offering to consumer preferences and provide different convenient alternatives. The vast majority of export sales are in non-returnable presentations.

Relative Pricing

Returnable bottles and kegs are the least expensive beer presentation on a per-milliliter basis. Cans and non-returnable bottles have historically been priced higher than returnable bottles. In 2006, the weighted average of this difference was between 25% and 30% higher price per-milliliter for non-returnable presentations. The consumer preference for presentations in cans has varied considerably over the past 20 years, rising in periods of economic prosperity and declining in periods of economic austerity, reflecting the price differential between these forms of packaging.

Seasonality

Demand for FEMSA Cerveza’s beer is highest in the Mexican summer season, and consequently, brewery utilization rates are at their highest during this period. Demand for FEMSA Cerveza’s products also tends to increase in the month of December, reflecting consumption during the holiday season. Demand for FEMSA Cerveza’s products decreases during the months of November, January and February primarily as a result of colder weather in the northern regions of Mexico.

Primary Distribution

FEMSA Cerveza’s primary distribution in Mexico is from its production facilities to its distribution centers’ warehouses. FEMSA Cerveza delivers to a combination of company-owned and third party distributors. In an effort to improve the efficiency and alignment of the distribution network, FEMSA Cerveza has adjusted its relationship with independent distributors by implementing franchise agreements and as a result, has achieved economies of scale through integration with FEMSA Cerveza’s operating systems. FEMSA Cerveza has also increased the number of company-owned distribution centers by acquiring third party distributors in recent years. Through a series of transactions completed in 2006, FEMSA Cerveza increased its directly distributed volume in respect of its Mexican beer sales volume to 82%, operating through 251 company-owned distribution centers. The remaining 19% of the beer sales volume was sold through 68 independent distributors, most of them operating under franchise agreements with FEMSA Cerveza. A franchise agreement is offered only to those distributors that meet certain standards of operating capabilities, performance and alignment. FEMSA Cerveza has historically and intends to continue in the future to acquire those distributors that do not meet these standards. Through this initiative FEMSA Cerveza will continue to seek to increase its Mexico beer sales volume through company-owned distribution centers.

In addition to distributing its own brands, on June 22, 2004, FEMSA Cerveza’s brewing subsidiary and Coors Brewing Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which FEMSA Cerveza’s subsidiary was appointed the exclusive importer, distributor, marketer and seller of Coors Light beer in Mexico.

 

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Retail Distribution

The main sales outlets for beer in Mexico are small, independently-owned “mom and pop” grocery stores, dedicated beer stores or “depósitos,” liquor stores and bars. Supermarkets account for only a small percentage of beer sales in Mexico. In addition, FEMSA Comercio operates a chain of more than 4,847 convenience stores under the trade name Oxxo that exclusively sell FEMSA Cerveza’s brands.

Distribution of FEMSA Cerveza Mexico Beer Sales Volume by Outlet

Year Ended December 31, 2006

 

Points of Sale

   Percentage  

Small grocery stores

   22 %

Beer and liquor stores

   26  

Mini-markets and convenience stores

   21  

Other points of sale

   9  
      

Subtotal

   78 %
      

Consumption Centers

   Percentage  

Bars

   10 %

Restaurants

   4  

Nightclubs

   2  

Other consumption centers

   6  
      

Subtotal

   22 %
      

Total

   100.0 %
      

The Mexican retail market is fragmented and characterized by a preponderance of small outlets that are unable and unwilling to maintain meaningful inventory levels. Consequently, FEMSA Cerveza must make frequent product deliveries to its retailers. In recent years, FEMSA Cerveza has implemented the pre-sale process of distribution in its markets to improve its distribution practices. The pre-sale process is a distribution method in which the sales and delivery functions are separated and trucks are loaded with the actual mix of products that retailers have previously ordered. One of the primary objectives of pre-sale is to separate sales from distribution to ensure more reliable market access and to enhance efficiency by reducing the number of secondary distribution routes in otherwise highly fragmented markets. Where pre-sale has been implemented, we have experienced a significant reduction in unsold product and a net reduction in distribution personnel. The existence of the pre-sale process facilitates systematic product delivery and helps discipline product inventory at the point-of-sale. Furthermore, pre-sale has enabled FEMSA Cerveza to collect customer and consumer information directly from the marketplace, which then becomes valuable in defining brand portfolios by channel. See “—Marketing Strategy.”

During 2004, FEMSA Cerveza completed the implementation of the pre-sale process in its company-owned distribution centers. As of December 31, 2006, 86% of the beer sales volume of FEMSA Cerveza was sold through the pre-sale process. As of December 31, 2006, FEMSA Cerveza serves more than 320,000 retailers in Mexico and its distribution network operates approximately 2,044 retail distribution routes.

Enterprise Resource Planning

FEMSA Cerveza operates an Enterprise Resource Planning system, or ERP, that provides an information and control platform to support commercial activities nationwide in Mexico and correlate them with the administrative and business development decision-making process occurring in FEMSA Cerveza’s central office. The Mexican beer sales volume of all FEMSA Cerveza’s company-owned distribution centers is operating through ERP, except for third-party distributors acquired during 2006 that will be operating through ERP as of October 2007.

 

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Marketing Strategy

FEMSA Cerveza focuses on the consumer by segmenting its markets and positioning its brands, accordingly, striving to develop brand and presentation portfolios that provide the best alternatives for every consumption occasion at the appropriate price points. By segmenting its markets, we refer to the technique whereby we target a particular group of consumers with specific characteristics such as lifestyle, attitude, geographic region or age group. Continuous market research provides feedback that is used to evolve and adapt our product offerings to best satisfy our consumers’ needs. We are increasingly focused on micro-segmentation, where we use our market research and our information technology systems to target smaller market segments, including in some cases the individual point-of-sale.

FEMSA Cerveza also focuses on the retailer by designing and implementing channel marketing at the point-of-sale, such as promotional programs providing merchandising materials, and, where appropriate, refrigeration equipment. A channel refers to a point-of-sale category, or sub-category, such as supermarkets, beer depots, restaurants, etc. Furthermore, we are always attempting to develop new channels in order to capture incremental consumption opportunities for our brands.

In order to coordinate the brand and channel strategies, we are developing and implementing integrated marketing programs, which aim to improve brand value through the simultaneous use of mass media advertising and targeted marketing efforts at the point-of-sale as well as event sponsorships. Our marketing program for a particular brand seeks to emphasize in a consistent manner the distinctive attributes of that brand.

FEMSA Cerveza has developed a process called Innovation to efficiently enable corporate growth strategies. Innovation is a system-wide priority for FEMSA Cerveza and is developed integrally across all areas of the demand chain to maximize value generation at every stage of demand. Innovation is driven by robust consumer and market research practices that help FEMSA Cerveza identify, develop and execute ideas that deliver value.

Plants and Facilities

FEMSA Cerveza currently operates six breweries in Mexico with an aggregate monthly production capacity of 2.8 million hectoliters, equivalent to approximately 33.7 million hectoliters of annual capacity. Each of FEMSA Cerveza’s Mexican breweries has received ISO 9002 certification and a Clean Industry Certification (Industria Limpia) given by Mexican environmental authorities. A key consideration in the selection of a site for a brewery is its proximity to potential markets, as the cost of transportation is a critical component of the overall cost of beer to the consumer. FEMSA Cerveza’s Mexican breweries are strategically located across the country, as shown in the table below, to better serve FEMSA Cerveza’s distribution system.

 

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LOGO

FEMSA Cerveza Mexico Facility Capacity Summary

Year Ended December 31, 2006

 

Brewery

   Average
Annualized
Capacity
 
   (in thousands
of hectoliters)
 

Monterrey

   7,800  

Orizaba

   7,200  

Toluca

   5,400  

Navojoa

   5,400  

Tecate

   4,680  

Guadalajara

   3,216  
      

Total

   33,696  
      

Average capacity utilization

   83.6 %
      

Between 2002 and 2006, FEMSA Cerveza increased its average monthly production capacity by approximately 120,000 hectoliters through additional investments in existing facilities.

During 2005, FEMSA Cerveza opened a new malt production facility in Puebla, Mexico, increasing its malting capacity by 16% to 154,000 tons per year. This facility covers an area of 18,000 square meters and is one of the largest and most technologically advanced in the world.

 

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FEMSA Cerveza operates seven effluent water treatment systems in Mexico to treat the water used by the breweries, all of which are wholly owned by FEMSA Cerveza except for the effluent treatment system at the Orizaba brewery, which is a joint venture among FEMSA Cerveza, several other local companies and the government of the state of Veracruz.

Glass Bottles and Cans

FEMSA Cerveza produces (1) beverage cans and can ends, (2) glass bottles and (3) crown caps for glass bottle presentations principally to meet the packaging needs of its Mexican operations. The packaging operations include a silica sand mine, which provides materials necessary for the production of glass bottles. The following table provides a summary of the facilities for these operations:

FEMSA Cerveza Mexico Glass Bottle and Beverage Can Operations Product Summary

Year Ended December 31, 2006

 

Product

   Location    Annual Production
Capacity(1)
   % Average Capacity
Utilization

Beverage cans

   Ensenada    1,700    100.0
   Toluca    1,800    100.0
      3,500    100.0

Can ends

   Monterrey    4,300    98.2

Crown cap

   Monterrey    18,000    91.0

Glass bottles

   Orizaba    1,300    88.3

Bottle decoration

   Nogales    330    56.3

Silica sand

   Acayucan    360    100.0

(1) Amounts are expressed in millions of units of each product, except for silica sand which is expressed in thousands of tons.

Two plants produce aluminum beverage can bodies at production facilities in Ensenada and Toluca, and another plant produces can ends at a production facility in Monterrey. During 2006, 56.7% of the beverage can volume produced by these plants was used by FEMSA Cerveza and the remaining amount was sold to third parties.

Glass bottles are produced at a glass production facility in Orizaba, Veracruz and bottles are decorated at a plant in Nogales, Veracruz. During 2006, 75.3% of the glass bottle volume produced by these plants was used by FEMSA Cerveza, 16.7% was sold to Coca-Cola FEMSA and the remaining 8.0% was sold to third parties.

Raw Materials

Malted barley, hops, certain grains, yeast and water are the principal ingredients used in manufacturing FEMSA Cerveza’s beer products. The principal raw materials used by FEMSA Cerveza’s packaging operations include aluminum, steel and silica sand. All of these raw materials are generally available in the open market. FEMSA Cerveza satisfies its commodity requirements through purchases from various sources, including purchases pursuant to contractual arrangements and purchases in the open market.

Aluminum and steel are two of the most significant raw materials used in FEMSA Cerveza’s packaging operations to make aluminum cans, can ends and bottle caps. FEMSA Cerveza purchases aluminum and steel directly from international and local suppliers on a contractual basis. These contracts generally have terms of six months or one year and specify prices free-on-board at FEMSA Cerveza’s facilities. Companies such as Alcoa, Nittetsu-Shoji, Noreli, CSN, Rasselstein and AHMSA have been selected as suppliers. Prices for aluminum have been volatile in recent periods, and market prices increased approximately 35% in 2006. Prices of aluminum and steel are generally quoted in U.S. dollars, and FEMSA Cerveza’s cost is therefore affected by changes in exchange rates. For example, a depreciation of the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar will increase the cost to FEMSA Cerveza of aluminum and steel, and will decrease FEMSA Cerveza’s margins as its sales are generally denominated in Mexican pesos. To date, FEMSA Cerveza’s silica sand mine has been able to satisfy all of the silica sand requirements of its glass bottle operations.

 

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Barley is FEMSA Cerveza’s most significant raw material for the production of its beer products. International markets determine the prices and supply sources of agricultural raw materials, which are affected by the level of crop production, inventories, weather conditions, domestic and export demand, as well as government regulations affecting agriculture. The principal source of barley for the Mexican beer industry is the domestic harvest. If domestic production in Mexico is insufficient to meet the industry’s requirements, barley (or its equivalent in malt) can be obtained from international markets. Before 2003, pursuant to NAFTA, an annual duty-free import quota for barley (or its equivalent in malt) was set. In 2003, under NAFTA, barley imports from the U.S. and Canada are tax-free and there are no import quota restrictions. Prior to NAFTA, Mexican barley prices were significantly higher than international barley prices. Since the implementation of NAFTA, domestic barley prices in Mexico have been stabilizing considering international references, freights and import expenses. We have generally been able to obtain our barley requirements in the Mexican market. Hops is the only ingredient that is not available domestically in Mexico. FEMSA Cerveza imports hops primarily from the United States and Europe.

Brazil Operations

The Brazilian Beer Market

The Brazilian beer market was the fourth largest beer market in the world in terms of industry sales volume in 2006 and is characterized by (1) concentrated domestic beer production, (2) favorable demographics in the beer drinking population, and (3) a fragmented retail channel.

Concentrated Brazilian beer production

The Brazilian beer market is comprised of one very large producer, three medium sized producers, and some minor regional brewers. The very large producer is Companhia de Bebidas das Americas or AmBev, a publicly traded company based in Sao Paulo that is majority-owned by the Belgian brewer Inbev. AmBev’s principal beer brands are Skol, Brahma and Antartica. AmBev is also a large bottler of carbonated soft drinks, with brands such as Guaraná Antartica and Pepsi Cola. The three medium sized producers are FEMSA Cerveza, Grupo Schincariol whose main brand is Nova Schin and Cervejaria Petropolis whose main brand is Itaipava. FEMSA Cerveza’s sales in the Brazilian market depend on its ability to compete with local brewers. Historically, beer imports have not been a significant factor in the Brazilian beer market.

Demographics of beer drinking population

We estimate that annual per capita beer consumption for the total Brazilian population reached approximately 50 liters in 2006. The legal drinking age is 18 in Brazil. We consider the population segment of men between the ages of 18 and 45 to be FEMSA Cerveza’s primary market. At least 37% of the Brazilian population is under the age of 18 and, therefore, is not considered to be part of the beer drinking population.

Based on historical trends and what management perceives as the continued social acceptance of beer consumption, FEMSA Cerveza believes that general population growth will result in an increase in the number of beer consumers in Brazil. Based on historical trends as measured by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estadística (Brazilian Institute of Statistics), or IBGE, we expect the Brazilian population to grow at an average annual rate of approximately 1.3% per year over the period from 2007 to 2011. We estimate that over the next 10 years approximately in excess of 2 million additional people per year will become potential beer consumers due to the natural aging of the Brazilian population.

 

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Product Overview

As of December 31, 2006, in Brazil FEMSA Cerveza produced and/or distributed 13 brands of beer in 12 different presentations resulting in a portfolio of 75 different product offerings. The most important brands in FEMSA Cerveza’s Brazilian portfolio include: Kaiser, Bavaria, Sol, Heineken and Xingu. These five brands, all of which are distributed nationwide in Brazil, accounted for approximately 93% of FEMSA Cerveza’s Brazil beer sales volume in 2006.

Beer Presentations

In its Brazilian breweries, FEMSA Cerveza produces and distributes beer in returnable glass bottles and kegs and in non-returnable aluminum cans and glass bottles. FEMSA Cerveza uses the term presentation to reflect these packaging options. The following table shows the percent of beer sales volume by presentation for the year ended December 31, 2006:

FEMSA Cerveza’s Beer Volume by Presentation, Brazilian breweries

Year Ended December 31, 2006

 

Presentation

   Percentage  

Returnable bottles

   55.2 %

Non-returnable presentations

   44.8  
      

Total

   100.0 %
      

Primary Distribution

FEMSA Cerveza’s primary distribution in Brazil is from its production facilities to the warehouses of the various Coca-Cola franchise bottlers in Brazil. There are 18 Coca-Cola bottlers across Brazil, including subsidiaries of Coca-Cola FEMSA, each responsible for a certain geographic territory.

Retail Sales and Distribution

FEMSA Cerveza relies on the 18 different bottlers of the Coca-Cola system across Brazil for the sale and secondary distribution of our beers. The bottlers leverage their infrastructure, sales force, expertise, distribution assets and refrigeration equipment at the point of sale to offer a broad portfolio of products to the retailer.

Plants and Facilities

FEMSA Cerveza currently operates eight breweries in Brazil with an aggregate monthly production capacity of 1.7 million hectoliters, equivalent to approximately 19.8 million hectoliters of annual capacity. Six of FEMSA Cerveza’s eight Brazilian breweries have received ISO 9002 certifications. A key consideration in the selection of a site for a brewery is its proximity to potential markets, as the cost of transportation is a critical component of the overall cost of beer to the consumer. FEMSA Cerveza’s Brazilian breweries are strategically located across the country, as shown in the table below, to better serve FEMSA Cerveza’s distribution system.

 

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FEMSA Cerveza Facility Allocation in Brazil

as of December 31, 2006

LOGO

FEMSA Cerveza Facility Capacity Summary in Brazil

Year Ended December 31, 2006

 

Brewery

  

Average

Annualized
Capacity

 
   (in thousands
of hectoliters)
 

Jacareí

   7,800  

Ponta Grossa

   3,200  

Araraquara

   2,800  

Feira de Santana

   2,000  

Pacatuba

   1,600  

Gravataí

   1,700  

Cuiabá

   400  

Manaus

   300  
      

Total

   19,800  
      

Average capacity utilization

   47.8 %
      

Exports

FEMSA Cerveza’s principal export market is the United States and its export strategy focuses on that country. In particular, FEMSA Cerveza concentrates efforts on its core markets located in the sun-belt states bordering Mexico, while seeking to develop its brands in key imported beer markets located in the eastern United States. FEMSA Cerveza believes that these two regions of the United States represent its greatest potential market outside of Mexico.

 

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Prior to January 1, 2005, Labatt USA was the importer of FEMSA Cerveza’s brands in the United States. On June 21, 2004, FEMSA Cerveza and two of its subsidiaries entered into distributor and sublicense agreements with Heineken USA. In accordance with these agreements, on January 1, 2005, Heineken USA became the exclusive importer, marketer and seller of FEMSA Cerveza’s brands in the United States. These agreements will expire on December 31, 2007. In addition, in April 2007 FEMSA Cerveza and Heineken USA entered into a new ten-year agreement pursuant to which Heineken USA will continue to be the exclusive importer, marketer and distributor of FEMSA Cerveza’s beer brands in the United States through 2017.

Export beer sales volume of 2.811 million hectoliters in 2006 represented 7.4% of FEMSA Cerveza’s total beer sales volume and accounted for 8.1% of FEMSA Cerveza’s total beer sales. The following table highlights FEMSA Cerveza’s export beer sales volumes and export beer sales:

FEMSA Cerveza Export Summary

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  

Export beer sales volume(1)

   2,811     2,438     2,240     1,982     1,955  

Volume growth(2)

   15.3 %   8.8 %   13.0 %   1.4 %   6.1 %

Percent of total beer sales volumes(3)

   7.4 %   9.0 %   8.7 %   8.1 %   8.2 %

Mexican pesos(4) (millions)

   2,869     2,515     1,860     1,609     1,441  

U.S. dollars(5) (millions)

   256     227     156     133     127  

Revenue growth (US$)(2)

   13.0 %   45.8 %   16.7 %   4.6 %   3.7 %

Percent of total beer sales

   8.1 %   10.2 %   8.1 %   7.2 %   6.5 %

Source: FEMSA Cerveza.

 

(1) Thousands of hectoliters.

 

(2) Percentage change over prior year.

 

(3) Reflects Brazilian operations in 2006.

 

(4) Constant Mexican pesos at December 31, 2006.

 

(5) Export beer sales are invoiced and collected in U.S. dollars.

FEMSA Cerveza currently exports its products to more than 50 countries. The principal export markets for FEMSA Cerveza are North America, Europe, Latin America and Asia. In 2006, export beer sales volume to these regions accounted for 90.5%, 4.2%, 3.4% and 1.9%, respectively, of FEMSA Cerveza’s export beer sales volume.

FEMSA Cerveza’s principal export brands are Tecate, XX Lager, Dos Equis (Amber) and Sol. These brands collectively accounted for 94% of FEMSA Cerveza’s export sales volume for the year ended December 31, 2006.

FEMSA Comercio

Overview and Background

FEMSA Comercio operates the largest chain of convenience stores in Mexico, measured in terms of number of stores as of December 31, 2006, under the trade name Oxxo. As of December 31, 2006, FEMSA Comercio operated 4,847 Oxxo stores located in 29 states of the country, with a particularly strong presence in the northern part of Mexico.

FEMSA Comercio, the largest single customer of FEMSA Cerveza and of the Coca-Cola system in Mexico, was established by FEMSA in 1978 when two Oxxo stores were opened in Monterrey, one store in Mexico City and another store in Guadalajara. The motivating factor behind FEMSA’s entrance into the retail industry was to enhance beer sales through company-owned retail outlets as well as to gather information on customer preferences. In 2006, sales of beer through Oxxo represented 9.9% of FEMSA Cerveza’s Mexican beer sales volume as well as approximately 13.5% of FEMSA Comercio’s revenues. In 2006, a typical Oxxo store carried 1,828 different store keeping units (SKUs) in 31 main product categories, representing a significant increase in the product offering historically carried by Oxxo stores.

 

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In recent years, FEMSA Comercio has gained importance as an effective distribution channel for our beverage products, as well as a rapidly growing point of contact with our consumers. Based on the belief that location plays a major role in the long-term success of a retail operation such as a convenience store, as well as a role in our continually improving ability to accelerate and streamline the new-store development process, FEMSA Comercio has focused on a strategy of rapid, profitable growth. FEMSA Comercio opened 582, 668, 675 and 706 net new Oxxo stores in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The accelerated expansion yielded total revenue growth of 18.7% to reach Ps. 35,500 million in 2006, while same store sales increased 8.2%, which was considerably higher than the retail industry average. FEMSA Comercio served approximately 1,168 million customers in 2006 compared to 978 million in 2005.

Business Strategy

A fundamental element of FEMSA Comercio’s business strategy is to utilize its position in the convenience store market to grow in a cost-effective and profitable manner. As a market leader in convenience store retailing, based on internal company surveys, management believes that FEMSA Comercio has an in-depth understanding of its markets and significant expertise in operating a national store chain. FEMSA Comercio intends to continue increasing its store base while capitalizing on the market knowledge gained at existing stores.

FEMSA Comercio has developed proprietary models to assist in identifying appropriate store locations, store formats and product categories. Its model utilizes location-specific demographic data and FEMSA Comercio’s experience in similar locations to fine tune the store format and product offerings to the target market. Market segmentation is becoming an important strategic tool, and it should increasingly allow FEMSA Comercio to improve the operating efficiency of each location and the overall profitability of the chain.

FEMSA Comercio has made and will continue to make significant investments in information technology to improve its ability to capture customer information from its existing stores and to improve its overall operating performance. All products carried through Oxxo stores are bar-coded, and all Oxxo stores are equipped with point-of-sale systems that are integrated into a company-wide computer network. To implement revenue management strategies, FEMSA Comercio created a division in charge of product category management for products, such as beverages, fast food and perishables, to enhance and better utilize its consumer information base and market intelligence capabilities. FEMSA Comercio is implementing an ERP system, which will allow FEMSA Comercio to redesign its key operating processes and enhance the usefulness of its market information going forward.

FEMSA Comercio has adopted innovative promotional strategies in order to increase store traffic and sales. In particular, FEMSA Comercio sells high-frequency items such as beverages, snacks and cigarettes at competitive prices. FEMSA Comercio’s ability to implement this strategy profitably is partly attributable to the size of the Oxxo chain, as FEMSA Comercio is able to work together with its suppliers to implement their revenue-management strategies through differentiated promotions. Oxxo’s national and local marketing and promotional strategies are an effective revenue driver and a means of reaching new segments of the population while strengthening the Oxxo brand. For example, the organization has refined its expertise in executing cross promotions (discounts on multi-packs or sales of complementary products at a special price) and targeted promotions to attract new customer segments, such as housewives, by expanding the offerings in the grocery product category in certain stores.

Store Locations

With 4,847 Oxxo stores in Mexico as of December 31, 2006, FEMSA Comercio operates the largest convenience store chain in Latin America measured by number of stores. Oxxo stores are concentrated in the northern part of Mexico, but also have a growing presence in central Mexico and the Gulf coast.

 

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LOGO

FEMSA Comercio has aggressively expanded its number of stores over the past several years. The average investment required to open a new store varies, depending on location and format and whether the store is opened in an existing retail location or requires construction of a new store. FEMSA Comercio is generally able to use supplier credit to fund the initial inventory of new stores.

Growth in Total Oxxo Stores

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  

Total Oxxo stores

   4,847     4,141     3,466     2,798     2,216  

Store growth (% change over previous year)

   17.0 %   19.5 %   23.9 %   26.3 %   24.6 %

FEMSA Comercio currently expects to continue the growth trend established over the past several years by emphasizing growth in areas of high economic potential in existing markets and by expanding in underserved and unexploited markets. Management believes that the southeast part of Mexico is particularly underserved by the convenience store industry.

The identification of locations and pre-opening planning in order to optimize the results of new stores are important elements in FEMSA Comercio’s growth plan. FEMSA Comercio continuously reviews store performance against certain operating and financial benchmarks to optimize the overall performance of the chain. Stores unable to maintain benchmark standards are generally closed. Between December 31, 2002 and 2006, the total number of Oxxo stores increased by 2,631, which resulted from the opening of 2,716 new stores and the closing of 85 existing stores.

 

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Competition

Oxxo competes in the convenience store segment of the retail market with 7-Eleven, Super Extra, Circle-K and AM/PM, as well as other local convenience stores. The format of these stores is similar to the format of the Oxxo stores. Oxxo competes both for consumers and for new locations for stores and the managers to operate those stores. Based on an internal market survey conducted by FEMSA Comercio, management believes that, as of December 31, 2006, there were approximately 7,856 stores in Mexico that could be considered part of the convenience store segment of the retail market. Oxxo is the largest chain in Mexico, operating more than half of these stores. Furthermore, FEMSA Comercio operates in 29 states and has much broader geographical coverage than any of its competitors in Mexico.

Market and Store Characteristics

Market Characteristics

FEMSA Comercio is placing increased emphasis on market segmentation and differentiation of store formats to more appropriately serve the needs of customers on a location-by-location basis. The principal segments include residential neighborhoods, commercial and office locations and stores near schools and universities, along with other types of specialized locations.

Approximately 68% of Oxxo’s customers are between the ages of 15 and 35. FEMSA Comercio also segments the market according to demographic criteria, including income level.

Store Characteristics

The average size of an Oxxo store is approximately 111 square meters of selling space, excluding space dedicated to refrigeration, storage or parking. The average constructed area of a store is approximately 186 square meters and, when parking areas are included, the average store size increases to approximately 438 square meters.

FEMSA Comercio—Operating Indicators

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  
     (percentage increase compared to previous year)  

Total FEMSA Comercio revenues

   18.7 %   21.8 %   24.8 %   24.5 %   18.2 %

Oxxo same-store sales(1)

   8.2 %   8.7 %   8.9 %   8.2 %   6.0 %
     (percentage of total)  

Beer-related data:

          

Beer sales as % of total store sales

   13.5 %   13.0 %   13.4 %   12.8 %   13.3 %

Oxxo store sales as a % of FEMSA Cerveza’s volume

   9.9 %   8.6 %   7.3 %   5.4 %   4.5 %

 

(1) Same-store sales growth is calculated by comparing the sales of stores for each year that have been in operation for at least 13 months with the sales of those same stores during the previous year.

Beer, telephone cards, soft drinks and cigarettes represent the main product categories for Oxxo stores. FEMSA Comercio has a distribution agreement with FEMSA Cerveza. As a result of this agreement, Oxxo stores only carry beer brands produced and distributed by FEMSA Cerveza. Prior to 2001, Oxxo stores had informal agreements with Coca-Cola bottlers, including Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories in central Mexico, to sell only their products. Since 2001, a limited number of Oxxo stores began selling Pepsi products in certain cities in northern Mexico, as part of a defensive competitive strategy.

Approximately 84% of Oxxo stores are operated by independent managers responsible for all aspects of store operations. The managers are commission agents and are not employees of FEMSA Comercio. Each store manager is the legal employer of the store’s staff, which typically numbers six people per store. FEMSA Comercio continually invests in on-site operating personnel, with the objective of promoting loyalty, customer-service and low personnel turnover in the stores.

 

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Advertising and Promotion

FEMSA Comercio’s marketing efforts include both specific product promotions and image advertising campaigns. These strategies seek to increase store traffic and sales, and to reinforce the Oxxo name and market position.

FEMSA Comercio manages its advertising on three levels depending on the nature and scope of the specific campaign: local or store-specific, regional and national. Store-specific and regional campaigns are closely monitored to ensure consistency with the overall corporate image of Oxxo stores and to avoid conflicts with national campaigns. FEMSA Comercio primarily uses point of purchase materials, flyers, handbills and print and radio media for promotional campaigns, although television is used occasionally for the introduction of new products and services. The Oxxo chain’s image and brand name are presented consistently across all stores, irrespective of location.

Inventory and Purchasing

FEMSA Comercio has placed considerable emphasis on improving operating performance. As part of these efforts, FEMSA Comercio continues to invest in extensive information management systems to improve inventory management. Electronic data collection has enabled FEMSA Comercio to reduce average inventory levels. Inventory replenishment decisions are carried out on a store-by-store basis.

Management believes that the Oxxo chain’s scale of operations provides FEMSA Comercio with a competitive advantage in its ability to realize strategic alliances with suppliers. General category offerings are determined on a national level, although purchasing decisions are implemented on a local, regional or national level, depending on the nature of the product category. Given the fragmented nature of the retail industry in Mexico in general, Mexican producers of beer, soft drinks, bread, dairy products, snacks, cigarettes and other high-frequency products have established proprietary distribution systems with extensive direct distribution routes. As a result, approximately 52% of the products carried by the Oxxo chain are delivered directly to the stores by suppliers. Other products with longer shelf lives are distributed to stores by FEMSA Comercio’s distribution system, which includes seven regional warehouses located in Monterrey, Mexico City, Guadalajara, Mexicali, Mérida, León and Chihuahua. The distribution centers operate a fleet of approximately 230 trucks that make deliveries to each store approximately every week.

Seasonality

Oxxo stores experience periods of high demand in December, as a result of the holidays, and in July and August, as a result of increased consumption of beer and soft drinks during the hot summer months. The months of November and February are generally the weakest sales months for Oxxo stores. In general, colder weather during these months reduces store traffic and consumption of cold beverages.

Other Stores

FEMSA Comercio also operates other stores under the names Bara, Six and Matador.

Other Business Segment

Our other business segment consists of the following smaller operations that support our core operations:

 

   

Our commercial refrigerators, labels and flexible packaging subsidiaries. The refrigeration business produces vertical and horizontal commercial refrigerators for the soft drink, beer and food industries, with an annual capacity of 180,300 units at December 31, 2006. In 2006, this business sold 175,166 refrigeration units, 14% of which were sold to FEMSA Cerveza, 21.1% of which were sold to Coca-Cola FEMSA and the remainder of which were sold to third parties. The labeling and flexible packaging business has its facility in Monterrey with an annual production capacity of 13,500 tons of flexible packaging. In 2006, this business sold 23% of its label sales volume to FEMSA Cerveza, 11% to Coca-Cola FEMSA and 66% to third parties. Management believes that growth at these businesses will continue to reflect the marketing strategies of Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza.

 

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Our logistics services subsidiary provides logistics services to Coca-Cola FEMSA, FEMSA Empaques, the packaging operations of FEMSA Cerveza, FEMSA Comercio and third party clients that either supply or participate directly in the Mexican beverage industry or in other industries. This business provides integrated logistics support for its clients’ supply chain, including the management of carriers and other supply chain services.

 

   

One of our subsidiaries is the owner of the Mundet brands of soft drinks and certain concentrate production equipment, which are licensed to and produced and distributed by Coca-Cola FEMSA.

 

   

Our corporate services subsidiary employs all of our corporate staff, including the personnel managing the areas of finance, corporate accounting, taxation, legal, financial and strategic planning, human resources and internal audit. Through this subsidiary, we direct, control, supervise and review the operations of our sub-holding companies. FEMSA Cerveza, FEMSA Comercio and our packaging subsidiaries pay management fees for the services provided to them. In addition, FEMSA Cerveza and Coca-Cola FEMSA have each entered into a services agreement pursuant to which they pay for specific services.

Description of Property, Plant and Equipment

As of December 31, 2006, we owned all of our manufacturing facilities and substantially all of our warehouses and distribution centers. Our properties primarily consisted of production and distribution facilities for our beer and soft drink operations and office space. In addition, FEMSA Comercio owns approximately 12.7% of the Oxxo store locations, while the other stores are located in properties that are rented under long-term lease arrangements with third parties.

The table below sets forth the location, principal use and production area of our production facilities, and the sub-holding company that owns such facilities.

 

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Production Facilities of FEMSA

As of December 31, 2006

 

Sub-holding Company

  

Location

  

Principal Use

   Production Area
               (in thousands of
sq. meters)

Coca-Cola FEMSA

        

Mexico

   San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    45
   Cedro, Distrito Federal    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    18
   Cuautitlán, Estado de México    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    35
   Los Reyes la Paz, Estado de México    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    50
   Toluca, Estado de México    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    242
   Celaya, Guanajuato    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    87
   León, Guanajuato    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    38
   Morelia, Michoacan    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    50
   Juchitán, Oaxaca    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    27
   Ixtacomitán, Tabasco    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    90
   Apizaco, Tlaxcala    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    80
   Coatepec, Veracruz    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    142

Guatemala

   Guatemala City    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    46

Nicaragua

   Managua    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    60

Costa Rica

   San José    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    52

Panama

   Panama City    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    29

Colombia

   Barranquilla    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    27
   Bogotá    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    84
   Bucaramanga    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    26
   Cali    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    87
   Manantial    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    67
   Medellín    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    45

Venezuela

   Antimano    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    14
   Barcelona    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    141
   Maracaibo    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    68
   Valencia    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    100

Brazil

   Campo Grande    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    36
   Jundiaí    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    191
   Moji das Cruzes    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    95

Argentina

   Alcorta    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    73

 

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Sub-holding Company

  

Location

  

Principal Use

   Production Area
               (in thousands of
sq. meters)

FEMSA Cerveza

        
   Tecate, Baja California Norte    Brewery    586
   Toluca, Estado de México    Brewery    375
   Guadalajara, Jalisco    Brewery    117
   Monterrey, Nuevo León    Brewery    438
   Navojoa, Sonora    Brewery    517
   Orizaba, Veracruz    Brewery    324
   Pachuca, Hidalgo    Malt Plant    31
   San Marcos, Puebla    Malt Plant    110
   Ensenada, Baja California Norte    Beverage Cans    33
   Toluca, Estado de México    Beverage Cans    22
   Monterrey, Nuevo León    Crown Caps and Can Lids    51
   Acayucan, Veracruz    Silica Sand Mine    7
   Nogales, Veracruz    Bottle Decoration    26
   Orizaba, Veracruz    Glass Bottles    23

Brazil

        
   Jacareí    Brewery    72
   Ponta Grossa    Brewery    44
   Araraquara    Brewery    38
   Feira de Santana    Brewery    26
   Pacatuba    Brewery    34
   Gravataí    Brewery    23
   Cuiabá    Brewery    20
   Manaus    Brewery    11

Insurance

We maintain an “all risk” insurance policy covering our properties (owned and leased), machinery and equipment and inventories as well as losses due to business interruptions. The policy covers damages caused by natural disaster, including hurricane, hail, earthquake and damages caused by human acts, including explosion, fire, vandalism, riot and losses incurred in connection with goods in transit. In addition, we maintain an “all risk” liability insurance policy that covers product liability. We purchase our insurance coverage through an insurance broker. The policies are issued by Allianz México, S.A., Aseguradora, and the coverage is partially reinsured in the international reinsurance market. We believe that our coverage is consistent with the coverage maintained by similar companies operating in Mexico.

Capital Expenditures and Divestitures

Our consolidated capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 were Ps. 8,888 million, Ps. 7,034 million and Ps. 7,508 million, respectively, and were for the most part financed from cash from operations generated by our subsidiaries. These amounts were invested in the following manner:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2006    2005    2004
     (in millions of constant Mexican pesos)

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   Ps. 2,615    Ps. 2,219    Ps. 2,162

FEMSA Cerveza

     4,212      3,086      3,409

FEMSA Comercio

     1,873      1,472      1,772

Other

     188      257      165
                    

Total

   Ps. 8,888    Ps. 7,034    Ps. 7,508

 

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Coca-Cola FEMSA

During 2006, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s capital expenditures focused on integration of its acquired territories, placing refrigeration equipment with retailers and investments in returnable bottles and cases, increasing plant operating efficiencies, improving the efficiency of its distribution infrastructure and advancing information technology. Capital expenditures in Mexico were approximately Ps. 1,466 million and accounted for most of its capital expenditures.

FEMSA Cerveza

Production

During 2006, FEMSA Cerveza invested approximately Ps. 519 million on equipment substitution and upgrades in its facilities. FEMSA Cerveza’s monthly installed capacity as of December 31, 2006 was 2.8 million hectoliters, equivalent to an annualized installed capacity of 33.7 million hectoliters. In addition, FEMSA Cerveza invested Ps. 625 million in plant improvements and equipment upgrades for its beverage can and glass bottle operations.

Distribution

In 2006, FEMSA Cerveza invested Ps. 506 million in its distribution network. Approximately Ps. 216 million of this amount was invested in the replacement of trucks in its distribution fleet, Ps. 175 million in land and buildings and improvements to leased properties dedicated to various distribution functions, and the remaining Ps. 115 million in other distribution-related investments.

Market-related Investments

During 2006, FEMSA Cerveza invested approximately Ps. 2,385 million in market-related activities and brand support in the domestic market. Approximately 60% of these investments were directed to customer agreements with retailers and commercial support to owned and third party distributors. Investments in retail agreements with tied customers that exceed a one-year term are capitalized and amortized over the life of the agreement. In general, FEMSA Cerveza’s retail agreements are for a period of three to four years. Other market-related investments include the purchase of refrigeration equipment, coolers, plastic furniture and other promotional items. These items are placed with retailers as a means of facilitating the retailers’ ability to service consumers and to promote the image and profile of FEMSA Cerveza’s brands.

Information Technology Investments

In addition, during 2006, FEMSA Cerveza invested Ps. 177 million in ERP and other system software projects.

FEMSA Comercio

FEMSA Comercio’s principal investment activity is the construction and opening of new stores. During 2006, FEMSA Comercio opened 706 net new Oxxo stores. FEMSA Comercio invested Ps. 1,839 million in 2006 in the addition of new stores and improvements to leased properties.

Regulatory Matters

Competition Legislation

The Ley Federal de Competencia Económica (the Federal Economic Competition Law or the Mexican Competition Law) became effective on June 22, 1993. The Mexican Competition Law and the Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Competencia Económica (the Regulations under the Mexican Competition Law), effective as of March 9, 1998, regulate monopolies and monopolistic practices and require Mexican government approval of certain mergers and acquisitions. The Mexican Competition Law subjects the activities of certain Mexican companies, including us, to regulatory scrutiny. In addition, the Regulations under the Mexican Competition Law prohibit members of any trade association from reaching any agreement relating to the price of their products. Management believes that we are currently in compliance in all material respects with Mexican competition legislation.

 

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In Mexico and in some of the other countries in which we operate, we are involved in different ongoing competition related proceedings. We believe that the outcome of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. See “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Coca-Cola FEMSA—Antitrust Matters” and “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—FEMSA Cerveza—Antitrust Matters.”

Environmental Matters

In all of the countries where we operate, our businesses are subject to federal and state laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment.

Mexico

In Mexico, the principal legislation is the Ley General de Equilibrio Ecológico y Protección al Ambiente (the Federal General Law for Ecological Equilibrium and Environmental Protection) or the Mexican Environmental Law and the Ley General para la Prevención y Gestión Integral de los Residuos (the General Law for the Prevention and Integral Management of Waste), which are enforced by the Secretaría del Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Pesca (the Ministry of the Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries) or SEMARNAP. SEMARNAP can bring administrative and criminal proceedings against companies that violate environmental laws, and it also has the power to close non-complying facilities. Under the Mexican Environmental Law, rules have been promulgated concerning water, air and noise pollution and hazardous substances. In particular, Mexican environmental laws and regulations require that we file periodic reports with respect to air and water emissions and hazardous wastes and set forth standards for waste water discharge that apply to our operations. We are also subject to certain minimal restrictions on the operation of delivery trucks in Mexico City. We have implemented several programs designed to facilitate compliance with air, waste, noise and energy standards established by current Mexican federal and state environmental laws, including a program that installs catalytic converters and liquid petroleum gas in delivery trucks for our operations in Mexico City. See “—Coca-Cola FEMSA—Product Distribution.”

In addition, we are subject to the Ley Federal de Derechos (the Federal Law of Governmental Fees), also enforced by SEMARNAP. Adopted in January 1993, the law provides that plants located in Mexico City that use deep water wells to supply their water requirements must pay a fee to the city for the discharge of residual waste water to drainage. In 1995, municipal authorities began to test the quality of the waste water discharge and charge plants an additional fee for measurements that exceed certain standards published by SEMARNAP. All of our bottler plants located in Mexico City, as well as the Toluca plant, met these new standards as of 2001, and as a result, we were not subject to additional fees.

In 2004, Coca-Cola FEMSA built a plastic recycling plant in partnership with The Coca-Cola Company and ALPLA, which manufactures plastic bottles for Coca-Cola FEMSA in Mexico. This plant, which started operations in March 2005, is located in Toluca, Mexico, and has a recycling capacity of 15,000 metric tons per year.

Central America

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Central American operations are subject to several federal and state laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, which have been enacted in the last ten years, as awareness has increased in this region about the protection of the environment and the disposal of dangerous and toxic materials. In some countries in Central America, Coca-Cola FEMSA is in the process of bringing its operations into compliance with new environmental laws. Also, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Costa Rica operations have participated in a joint effort along with the local division of The Coca-Cola Company called Proyecto Planeta (Project Planet) for the collection and recycling of non-returnable plastic bottles.

 

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Colombia

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Colombian operations are subject to several Colombian federal, state and municipal laws and regulations related to the protection of the environment and the disposal of toxic and dangerous materials. These laws include the control of atmospheric emissions and strict limitations on the use of chlorofluorocarbons. Coca-Cola FEMSA is also engaged in nationwide campaigns for the collection and recycling of glass and plastic bottles.

Venezuela

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Venezuelan operations are subject to several Venezuelan federal, state and municipal laws and regulations related to the protection of the environment. The most relevant of these laws are the Ley Orgánica del Ambiente (the Organic Environmental Law), the Ley Sobre Sustancias, Materiales y Desechos Peligrosos (the Substance, Material and Dangerous Waste Law) and the Ley Penal del Ambiente (the Criminal Environment Law). Since the enactment of the Organic Environmental Law in 1995, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Venezuelan subsidiaries have presented to the proper authorities plans to bring their production facilities and distribution centers into compliance with the law. While the laws provide certain grace periods for compliance with the new environmental standards, Coca-Cola FEMSA has had to adjust some of the originally proposed timelines presented to the authorities because of delays in the completion of some of these projects.

Brazil

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Brazilian operations are subject to several federal, state and municipal laws and regulations related to the protection of the environment. Among the most relevant laws and regulations are those dealing with the emission of toxic and dangerous gases and disposal of waste water, which impose penalties, such as fines, facility closures or criminal charges depending upon the level of non-compliance. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s production plant located in Jundiaí has been recognized by the Brazilian authorities for its compliance with environmental regulations and for having standards well above those imposed by the law. The plant has been certified for the ISO 9000 since March 1995 and the ISO 14001 since March 1997.

Argentina

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Argentine operations are subject to federal and provincial laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The most significant of these are regulations concerning waste water discharge, which are enforced by the Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente Humano (the Ministry of Natural Resources and Human Environment) and the Secretaría de Política Ambiental (the Ministry of Environmental Policy) for the province of Buenos Aires. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Alcorta plant meets and is in compliance with waste water discharge standards.

We have expended, and may be required to expend in the future, funds for compliance with and remediation under local environmental laws and regulations. Currently, we do not believe that such costs will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, since environmental laws and regulations and their enforcement are becoming increasingly more stringent in our territories, and there is increased awareness of local authorities for higher environmental standards in the countries where we operate, changes in current regulations may result in an increase in costs, which may have an adverse effect on our future results of operations or financial condition. Management is not aware of any pending regulatory changes that would require a significant amount of additional remedial capital expenditures.

Water Supply Law

FEMSA Cerveza and Coca-Cola FEMSA purchase water in Mexico directly from municipal water companies and pump water from their own wells pursuant to concessions obtained from the Mexican government on a plant-by-plant basis. Water use in Mexico is regulated primarily by the Ley de Aguas Nacionales de 1992 (the 1992 Water Law), and regulations issued thereunder, which created the Comisión Nacional del Agua (the National Water Commission). The National Water Commission is charged with overseeing the national system of water use. Under the 1992 Water Law, concessions for the use of a specific volume of ground or surface water

 

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generally run for five, ten, fifteen and up to thirty-year terms, depending on the supply of groundwater in each region as projected by the National Water Commission. Concessionaires may request concession terms to be extended upon termination, which is a regular practice. These extensions are given for the same period of time given in the original concession. The Mexican government is authorized to reduce the volume of ground or surface water granted for use by a concession by whatever volume of water is not used by the concessionaire for three consecutive years. However, because the current concessions for each of FEMSA Cerveza and Coca-Cola FEMSA’s plants in Mexico do not match each plant’s projected needs for water in future years, we successfully negotiated with the Mexican government the right to transfer the unused volume under concessions from certain plants to other plants anticipating greater water usage in the future. These concessions may be terminated if, among other things, we use more water than permitted or we fail to pay required concession-related fees without curing such violations in a timely manner. We believe that we are in compliance with the terms of our existing concessions.

Although we have not undertaken independent studies to confirm the sufficiency of the existing or future groundwater supply, we believe that our existing concessions satisfy our current water requirements in Mexico. We can give no assurances, however, that groundwater will be available in sufficient quantities to meet our future production needs or that we will be able to maintain our current concessions.

We do not currently require a permit to obtain water in our other territories. In Nicaragua, Costa Rica and some plants in Colombia, we own private water wells. In the remainder of our territories, we obtain water from governmental agencies or municipalities. We can give no assurances that water will be available in sufficient quantities to meet our future production needs or that additional regulations relating to water use will not be adopted in the future.

 

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None

 

ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with, and is entirely qualified by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to those financial statements. Our audited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards, which differ in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Notes 27 and 28 to our audited consolidated financial statements provide a description of the principal differences between Mexican Financial Reporting Standards and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us, as well as U.S. GAAP consolidated balance sheets, statements of income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the same periods presented for Mexican Financial Reporting Standards purposes and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income and stockholders’ equity. See “—U.S. GAAP Reconciliation.”

Overview of Events, Trends and Uncertainties

Management currently considers the following events, trends and uncertainties to be important to understanding its results of operations and financial position during the periods discussed in this section:

 

   

While Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Mexican operations continue growing at a steady but moderate pace, operations in Central and South America are growing at accelerated rates. The Coca-Cola brand continues to deliver the majority of volume growth. However, the rising price of sweeteners represents uncertainty for our soft drink business generally.

 

   

At FEMSA Cerveza, total beer sales volumes have increased in Mexico, Brazil and in the export market. The high price of raw materials, particularly aluminum and barley, represent an uncertainty in our cost structure. Heineken USA has been distributing FEMSA Cerveza’s beer brands in the United States since January 1, 2005 with very encouraging results, and we have signed a new agreement that extends this commercial relationship until December 2017.

 

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FEMSA Comercio continues to increase the number of Oxxo stores and to grow in terms of total revenues and as a percentage of our consolidated total revenues. FEMSA Comercio has lower operating margins than our beverage businesses. We expect to continue to expand the Oxxo chain during 2007.

Our results of operations and financial position are affected by the economic and market conditions in the countries where our subsidiaries conduct their operations, particularly in Mexico. Changes in these conditions are influenced by a number of factors, including those discussed in “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors.”

Recent Developments

FEMSA Stock Split

At our annual general ordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 29 2007, our shareholders approved a three-for-one stock split in respect all of our outstanding capital stock. Following the stock split, our total capital stock consists of 2,161,177,770 BD Units and 1,417,048,500 B Units. Our stock split also resulted in a three-for-one stock split our ADSs. The stock-split was conduced on a pro-rata basis in respect of all holders of our shares and all ADSs holders of record as of May 25, 2007, and the ratio of voting and non-voting shares was maintained, thereby preserving our ownership structure as it was prior to the stock-split.

Acquisition of shares of Coca-Cola FEMSA

On November 3, 2006, we acquired from certain subsidiaries of The Coca-Cola Company 148,000,000 Series D Shares of Coca-Cola FEMSA through our subsidiary CIBSA, representing 8.02% of the total outstanding stock of Coca-Cola FEMSA. We acquired these shares at a price of US$ 2.888 per share, or US$ 427.4 million in the aggregate, pursuant to the Memorandum of Understanding with The Coca-Cola Company entered into in connection with the Panamco acquisition. Following the acquisition, and as of May 31, 2007, we hold 53.73% of the total outstanding stock and 63.0% of the voting stock of Coca-Cola FEMSA in the form of Series A shares, The Coca-Cola Company holds 31.60% of the total outstanding stock and 37.0% of its voting stock in the form of Series D shares, and the public float remains unchanged with 14.67% of the total outstanding stock and no voting rights.

FEMSA Cerveza and Heineken USA Import Agreement for United States

On April 26, 2007, FEMSA Cerveza signed a new agreement with Heineken USA that will effectively extend its previously-existing 3-year import relationship with Heineken USA for an additional 10-year period. Pursuant to the new agreement, Heineken USA will continue to be the sole and exclusive importer, marketer and seller of the FEMSA Cerveza beer brands Dos Equis, Tecate, Tecate Light, Sol, Bohemia and Carta Blanca in the United States. This new agreement will become effective January 1, 2008, immediately following the expiration of the previous 3-year agreement with Heineken USA, and will remain in effect through December 31, 2017. The agreement seeks to expand FEMSA Cerveza’s volume growth and brand development, in part through increased marketing investment. Under the terms of the agreement, FEMSA Cerveza will receive a payment for granting Heineken USA exclusive distribution rights in the United States. Heineken in turn will receive an increased share of profitability.

Comparability of Information Presented-Panamco Acquisition

Under Mexican Financial Reporting Standards, Panamco is included in our audited consolidated financial statements since May 2003 and is not included prior to this date. As a result, our consolidated financial information for the year ended December 31, 2003 is not comparable to subsequent periods. The acquisition of Panamco only impacts the comparability of our consolidated information and of the Coca-Cola FEMSA segment. The comparability of our remaining segments is not affected by the acquisition.

 

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Effects of Changes in Economic Conditions

Our results of operations are affected by changes in economic conditions in Mexico and in the other countries in which we operate. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, 78.0%, 82.0% and 80.0%, respectively, of our total sales were attributable to Mexico. After the acquisitions of Panamco and Kaiser, we have greater exposure to countries in which we have not historically conducted operations, particularly countries in Central America, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil, although we continue to generate a substantial portion of our total sales from Mexico. The participation of these other countries as a percentage of our total sales may increase in future periods, in particular, as Kaiser is included in our consolidated financial information as of January 2006.

Our future results may be significantly affected by the general economic and financial positions in the countries where we operate, including by levels of economic growth, by the devaluation of the local currency, by inflation and high interest rates or by political developments, and may result in lower demand for our products, lower real pricing or a shift to lower margin products. Because a large percentage of our costs are fixed costs, we may not be able to reduce costs and expenses, and our profit margins may suffer as a result of downturns in the economy of each country. In addition, an increase in interest rates in Mexico would increase our cost of Mexican peso-denominated variable interest rate indebtedness and would have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. A depreciation of the Mexican peso relative to the U.S. dollar would increase our cost of those raw materials, the price of which is paid in or determined with reference to the U.S. dollar, and our debt obligations denominated in U.S. dollars, and thereby may negatively affect our financial position and results of operations.

Operating Leverage

Companies with structural characteristics that result in margin expansion in excess of sales growth are referred to as having high “operating leverage.”

The operating subsidiaries of Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza are engaged, to varying degrees, in capital-intensive activities. The high utilization of the installed capacity of the production facilities results in better fixed cost absorption, as increased output results in higher revenues without additional fixed costs. Absent significant increases in variable costs, gross profit margins will expand when production facilities are operated at higher utilization rates. Alternatively, higher fixed costs will result in lower gross profit margins in periods of lower output.

In addition, the commercial operations of Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza are carried out through extensive distribution networks, the principal fixed assets of which are warehouses and trucks. The distribution systems of both Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza are designed to handle large volumes of beverages. Fixed costs represent an important proportion of the total distribution expense of both Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza. Generally, the higher the volume that passes through the distribution system, the lower the fixed distribution cost as a percentage of the corresponding revenues. As a result, operating margins improve when the distribution capacity is operated at higher utilization rates. Alternatively, periods of decreased utilization because of lower volumes will negatively affect our operating margins.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our audited consolidated financial statements requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect (1) the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities, (2) the disclosure of our contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and (3) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates and judgments on our historical experience and on various other reasonable factors that together form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an on-going basis. Our significant accounting policies are described in note 4 to our audited consolidated financial statements. We believe our most critical accounting policies that imply the application of estimates and/or judgments are the following:

 

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Allowance for doubtful accounts

We determine our allowance for doubtful accounts based on an evaluation of the aging of our receivable portfolio. The amount of the allowance considers our historical loss rate on receivables and the economic environment in which we operate. Our beer operations represent the most important part of the consolidated allowance for doubtful accounts as a result of the credit that FEMSA Cerveza extends to retailers, on terms and conditions in accordance with industry practices. Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Comercio sales are generally realized in cash.

Bottles and cases; allowance for bottle breakage

Returnable bottles and cases are recorded at acquisition cost and restated to their replacement cost. For the year ended December 31, 2005, FEMSA Cerveza classified returnable bottles and cases as inventory. Beginning on January 1, 2006, FEMSA Cerveza classifies bottles and cases as long-lived assets in accordance with their estimated useful lives. For FEMSA Cerveza and Coca-Cola FEMSA, breakage is expensed as incurred, and returnable bottles and cases are not depreciated. Whenever we decide to discontinue a particular returnable presentation and retire it from the market, we write-off the discontinued presentation through an increase in the breakage expense. We determine depreciation of bottles and cases only for tax purposes. FEMSA Cerveza beginning in 2005 for tax purposes, classifies bottles and cases as fixed assets and compute depreciation using the straight-line method at an annual rate of 10%. This change in classification did not impact the total amount of taxes payable, but in 2005, it generated surcharges over taxes not paid in prior years.

We periodically compare the carrying value of bottle breakage expense with the calculated depreciation expense of our returnable bottles and cases in plant and distribution centers, estimating a useful life of five years for glass beer bottles, four years for returnable glass soft drink bottles and plastic cases and one year for returnable plastic bottles. These useful lives are determined in accordance with our business experience. The annual calculated depreciation expense has been similar to the annual carrying value of bottle breakage expense. Whenever we decide to discontinue a particular returnable presentation and retire it from the market, we write off the discontinued presentation through an increase in breakage expense.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives represent the period we expect the assets to remain in service and to generate revenues. We base our estimates on independent appraisals and the experience of our technical personnel.

We describe the methodology used to restate imported equipment in note 4 (g) to our audited consolidated financial statements, which includes applying the exchange and inflation rates of the country of origin utilized as permitted by Mexican Financial Reporting Standards. We believe this method more accurately presents the fair value of the assets than restated cost determined by applying inflation factors.

We valued at fair value all fixed assets acquired, considering their operating conditions and the future cash flows expected to be generated based on their estimated remaining useful life as determined by management.

During 2005, we began to re-examine our refrigeration equipment for accounting purposes and to evaluate its general functionality. Our examination focused mainly on electrical functioning, maintenance, reliability of internal controls over this equipment and supplier confirmations regarding physical conditions and the estimated remaining useful life of the equipment. Based on our experience, and our research regarding maintenance concerns and replacement plans for refrigeration equipment in general, we determined that we should increase the accounting estimate regarding the useful lives of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s refrigeration equipment used in its Mexican operations from five to seven years. This change was accounted for prospectively and led to a reduction in our depreciation expense of Ps. 127 million recognized in our 2006 consolidated results of operations. We are still examining refrigeration equipment in the remaining Coca-Cola FEMSA territories based on the same considerations used to evaluate the Mexican operations, and we expect to complete this project during 2007.

 

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Valuation of intangible assets and goodwill

We identify all intangible assets to reduce as much as possible the goodwill associated with business acquisitions. We separate intangible assets between those with a finite useful life and those with an indefinite useful life, in accordance with the period over which we expect to receive the benefits.

We determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition, and we assigned the excess purchase price over the fair value of the net assets. In certain circumstances this resulted in the recognition of an intangible asset. The intangible assets are subject to annual impairment tests. We have recorded intangible assets with indefinite lives, which consist of:

 

   

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s rights to produce and distribute Coca-Cola trademark products for Ps. 39,399 million as a result of the Panamco acquisition;

 

   

Trademarks and distribution rights for Ps. 10,897 million as a result of the acquisition of the 30% interest of FEMSA Cerveza and distribution rights acquired from a third-party distributor;

 

   

Trademarks and goodwill as a result of the acquisition of Kaiser for Ps. 3,706 million; and

 

   

Other intangible assets with indefinite lives that amounted to Ps. 746 million.

For Mexican Financial Reporting Standards purposes, goodwill is the difference between the price paid and the fair value of the shares and/or net assets acquired that was not assigned directly to an intangible asset. Goodwill is recorded in the functional currency of the subsidiary in which the investment was made and is restated by applying the inflation rate factors of the country of origin and the year-end exchange rate. Until December 31, 2004 under Mexican Financial Reporting Standards, goodwill was amortized using the straight-line method over a period of no more than 20 years. The amount of goodwill amortization in 2004 was Ps. 15 million. In 2005, Bulletin B-7, “Adquisiciones de Negocios” (Business Acquisitions), was issued, which establishes that goodwill is no longer subject to amortization, being subject instead to an annual impairment test.

Impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets

We continually review the carrying value of our goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment. We review for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable based on our estimated discounted future cash flows to be generated by those assets. While we believe that our estimates of future cash flows are reasonable, different assumptions regarding such cash flows could materially affect our evaluations.

Our evaluations during 2006 and up to the date of this annual report did not lead to any impairment of goodwill or long-lived assets. We can give no assurance that our expectations will not change as a result of new information or developments. Future changes in economic or political conditions in any country in which we operate or in the industries in which we participate, however, may cause us to change our current assessment.

Executory contracts

As part of the normal course of business, we frequently invest in the development of our beer distribution channels through a variety of commercial agreements with different retailers in order to generate sales volume. These agreements are considered to be executory contracts and accordingly the costs incurred under these contracts are recognized according to when performance occurs.

These agreements require cash disbursements to be made in advance to certain retailers in order to fund activities intended to generate sales volume. These advance cash disbursements are then compensated for as sales are invoiced. These disbursements are considered to be market-related investments, which are capitalized as other assets. The amortization of amounts capitalized is presented as a reduction of net sales in relation to the volume sold to each retailer. The period of amortization is between three and four years, which is the normal term of the commercial agreements.

We periodically evaluate the carrying value of executory contracts. If the carrying value is considered to be impaired, these assets are written down as appropriate. The accuracy of the carrying value is based on our ability

 

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to predict certain key variables such as sales volume, prices and other industry and economic factors. Predicting these key variables involves assumptions based on future events. These assumptions are consistent with our internal projections.

Labor liabilities

Our labor liabilities are comprised of pension plans liabilities, seniority premiums, post-retirement medical services and severance indemnities. The determination of our obligations and expenses for pension and other post-retirement benefits is dependent on our determination of certain assumptions used by independent actuaries in calculating such amounts. We evaluate these assumptions at least annually. In 2006, we approved a modification to our pension and retirement plans effective in 2007. Through 2006, our pension and retirement plans provided for lifetime monthly payments as a complement to the pension payment received from the Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social or “IMSS”). Our modified pension and retirement plans provide for one lump-sum payment in addition to pension received from the IMSS, which will supplement the beneficiary’s earnings.

Additionally, in 2006, we modified the long-term assumptions used in the actuarial calculations for Mexican subsidiaries based on changes in the company’s revised estimate of current prices for settling its related obligations as a result of recent stability in the Mexican economy. These assumptions are described in note 17 to our consolidated financial statements and include the discount rate, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and rates of increase in compensation costs. All our assumptions depend on the economic circumstances of each country where we operate.

These changes were accounted for as unrecognized prior service costs and unrecognized actuarial net loss and will be amortized over the expected service period of our personnel. The net effect of the changes mentioned above was an increase in pension and retirement plan, seniority premium and severance indemnity liabilities of Ps.768, Ps.18 and Ps.22 million, respectively.

In accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards, actual results that differ from our assumptions (actuarial gains or losses) are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, generally affect our recognized expenses and recorded obligations in these future periods. While we believe that our assumptions are appropriate, significant differences in our actual experience or significant changes in our assumptions may materially affect our pension and other post-retirement obligations and our future expense. The following table is a summary of the three key assumptions to be used in determining 2007 annual pension expense, along with the impact on pension expense of a 1% change in each assumed rate.

 

            Impact of Rate Change(2)  

Assumption

   2007 Rate(1)     +1%     -1%  
     (in real terms)     (in millions of Mexican pesos)  

Mexican and Foreign Subsidiaries:

      

Discount rate

   4.5 %   Ps. (709)     Ps. 556  

Salary increase

   1.5 %     509       (494 )

Return on assets

   4.5 %     (18 )     36  

(1) Calculated using a measurement dated as of December 2006.

 

(2) The impact is not the same for an increase of 1% as for a decrease of 1% because the rates are not linear.

Income taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. We regularly review our deferred taxes for recoverability and/or payment, and establish a valuation allowance based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. If these estimates and related assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record additional valuation allowances against our deferred taxes resulting in an impact in net income.

 

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On December 1, 2004, an amendment to the Mexican income tax law was published and became effective as of January 1, 2005. Under this amendment:

 

   

The statutory income tax rate decreased to 30% for 2005 and will be subsequently reduced by one percentage point per year through 2007, when the rate is 28%;

 

   

The tax deduction for inventory will be made through cost of sales, and the inventory balance as of December 31, 2004 will be taxable during the next four to twelve years, based on specific criteria provided in the tax regulations;

 

   

Paid employee profit sharing will be deductible for income tax purposes; and

 

   

The limit on stockholders’ participation in taxable income or loss from Mexican subsidiaries will be eliminated for tax consolidation purposes.

Based on this amendment, we adjusted our deferred income tax liability by applying different tax rates than those originally used to temporary differences according to their estimated dates of reversal. This resulted in a decrease of Ps. 647 million in 2004 of our deferred income tax liability and to the related reduction in deferred taxes in our income statement.

Tax and legal contingencies

We are subject to various claims and contingencies related to tax and legal proceedings as described in note 25 to our audited consolidated financial statements. Due to their nature, such legal proceedings involve inherent uncertainties including, but not limited to, court rulings, negotiations between affected parties and governmental actions. Management periodically assesses the probability of loss for such contingencies and accrues a liability and/or discloses the relevant circumstances, as appropriate. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we accrue a liability for the estimated loss.

Derivative Financial Instruments

As we mention in note 4 (q) to our consolidated financial statements, beginning in 2005 we began to apply Bulletin C-10, “Instrumentos Financieros Derivados y Operaciones de Cobertura” (Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities), which requires us to measure all derivative financial instruments at fair value and recognize them in the balance sheet as an asset or liability. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are recorded each year in net income or as a component of cumulative other comprehensive income, based on the type of hedging instrument and the ineffectiveness of the hedge. The fair values of derivative financial instruments are determined considering quoted prices in recognized markets. If such instruments are not traded, fair value is determined by applying techniques based upon technical models supported by sufficient reliable and verifiable data, recognized in the financial sector. We base our forward price curves upon market price quotations.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Other than as described below, we do not anticipate any significant impact on our consolidated balance sheet, results of operations, changes to our financial position or cash flows, as a result of our adoption of the new accounting standards described below.

 

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Under Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (Normas de Información Financiera, or NIF)

 

   

NIF B-3, Estado de resultados (Income Statement)

NIF B-3 sets the general standards for presenting and structuring the statement of income, the minimum content requirements and general disclosure standards. Consistent with NIF A-5, “Basic Elements of Financial Statements,” NIF B-3 now classifies revenues, costs and expenses, as ordinary and non-ordinary. Ordinary items (even if infrequent) are delivered from the primary activities representing an entity’s main source of revenue. Non-ordinary items are derived from activities other than those representing an entity’s main source of revenues. Consequently, the classification of certain transactions as special or extraordinary, according to former Bulletin B-3, which was previously in effect, was eliminated. As part of the structure of the income statement, ordinary items are required to be presented first and, at a minimum, present income or loss before income taxes, income or loss before discontinued operations, if any, and net income or loss. Presenting operating income is neither required nor prohibited by NIF B-3. Cost and expense items may be classified by function, by nature or a combination of both. When classified by function, gross income may be presented. Statutory employee profit sharing should now be presented as an ordinary expense (within other income (expense) pursuant to NIF No. 4 issued in January 2007) and should no longer be presented with income tax. Special items mentioned in particular Mexican Financial Reporting Standards should now be part of other income and expense, and items formerly recognized as extraordinary should be part of non-ordinary items. NIF B-3 is effective for financial periods beginning January 1, 2007.

 

   

NIF B-13, Hechos posteriores a la fecha de los estados financieros (Subsequent Events)

This standard requires that for (1) asset and liability restructurings and (2) creditor waivers to their right to demand payment in case the entity defaults on contractual obligations, in each case occurring in the period between the date of the financial statements and the date of their issuance, disclosure only needs to be included in a note to the financial statements while recognition of these items should take place in the financial statements for the period in which such event takes place. Previously, these events were recognized in the financial statements in addition to their disclosure. NIF A-7, “Presentation and Disclosure,” which has been in effect as of January 1, 2006, requires, among other things, that the date on which the issuance of the financial statements is authorized be disclosed as well as for the name of the authorizing management officer(s) or body (bodies) to be disclosed. NIF B-13 establishes that if the entity owners or others are empowered to modify the financial statements, such fact should also be disclosed. Subsequent approval of the financial statements by the stockholders or other body does not change the subsequent period, which ends when issuance of the financial statements is authorized. NIF B-13 is effective for financial periods beginning January 1, 2007.

 

   

NIF C-13, Partes relacionadas (Related Parties)

This standard broadens the concept of “related parties” to include (1) the overall business in which the reporting entity participates; (2) close family members of key officers; and (3) any fund created in connection with a labor-related compensation plan. In addition, NIF C-13 requires the following disclosure: (1) that the terms and conditions of consideration paid or received in transactions carried out between related parties are equivalent to those of similar transactions carried out by the reporting entity with independent parties, to the extent sufficient evidence exists as a basis for comparison; (2) any benefits granted to key officers; and (3) the name of the direct controlling company and, if different, name of the ultimate controlling company. Notes to comparative financial statements of prior periods should disclose the new provisions of NIF C-13. NIF C-13 is effective for financial periods beginning January 1, 2007.

 

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NIF D-6, Capitalización del resultado integral de financiamiento (Capitalization of Integral Result of Financing)

NIF D-6 establishes general capitalization standards that include specific accounting for financing in domestic and foreign currencies, or a combination of each. Some of these standards include: (1) a provision for the mandatory capitalization of integral result of financing directly attributable to the acquisition of qualifying assets; (2) a clarification that yields obtained from temporary investments before capital expenditures are made must be excluded from the amount capitalized, to the extent financing in domestic currency is used to acquire these assets; (3) a provision specifying that exchange gains or losses from foreign currency financing should be capitalized considering the valuation of associated hedging instruments, if any; (4) a methodology to calculate capitalizable integral result of financing relating to funds from generic financing; (5) a clarification that, in the context of land, integral result of financing may be capitalized if development is being undergone; and (6) the establishment of other conditions that must be met to capitalize integral result of financing, as well as rules indicating when integral of financing should no longer be capitalized. NIF D-6 is effective for financial periods beginning January 1, 2007.

Under U.S. GAAP

 

   

“Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 and 140”, or SFAS No. 155

SFAS No.155 amends SFAS No.133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and SFAS No.140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities.” SFAS No. 155 establishes that: (1) fair value re-measurement is permitted for any hybrid financial instrument that contains an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation, (2) interest-only strips and principal-only strips are not subject to SFAS No. 133 requirements, which is a clarification to past pronouncements (3) interests must be evaluated in securitized financial assets to identify interests that are freestanding derivatives or that are hybrid financial instruments that contain an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation, (4) concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not embedded derivatives, which is a clarification to past pronouncements; (5) the prohibition on a qualifying special-purpose entity from holding a derivative financial instrument that pertains to a beneficial interest other than another derivative financial instrument is eliminated, which represents a change to SFAS No. 140. SFAS No.155 is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. We are in the process of determining the impact of adopting this new accounting principle on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

 

   

“Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140”, or SFAS No. 156

SFAS No. 156 amends SFAS No.140 with respect to the accounting for separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities and establishes that entities must recognize servicing assets or servicing liabilities each time they undertake an obligation to service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract in certain specific situations. SFAS No. 156 also requires recognizing separately servicing assets and servicing liabilities to be initially measured at fair value, if practicable, and also permits an entity to choose either the amortization method or the fair value measurement method to recognize servicing assets and servicing liabilities. SFAS No. 156 is effective as of the beginning of the first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. We are in the process of determining the impact of adopting this new accounting principle on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

 

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“Fair Value Measurements”, or SFAS No. 157

SFAS No. 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 also clarifies the definition of exchange price as the price between market participants in an orderly transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability in the market in which the reporting entity would transact for the asset or liability, that is, the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The changes to current practice resulting from the application of this statement relate to the definition of fair value, the methods used to measure fair value, and the expanded disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are in the process of determining the impact of adopting this new accounting principle on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

 

   

“Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans — an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)”, or SFAS No. 158

SFAS No. 158 requires companies to measure the fair value of its plan assets and benefit obligations as of the date of its year-end balance sheet. Companies no longer are permitted to measure the funded status of their plan(s) by being able to choose a measurement date up to three months prior to year end. This aspect of SFAS No. 158 is effective for all companies in fiscal years ending after December 15, 2008, but does not impact our company, our results of operations or our cash flows, as our measurement date is the same as our fiscal year end. Retrospective application of SFAS No. 158 is not permitted.

 

   

“Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, or SFAS Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 48

This interpretation provides detailed guidance for financial statement recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in a company’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No.109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” FIN No. 48 requires a company to recognize the financial statement impact of a tax position when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination. If the tax position meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the tax effect is recognized at the largest amount of the benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Any difference between the tax position taken in the tax return and the tax position recognized in the financial statements using the criteria above results in the recognition of a liability in the financial statements for the unrecognized benefit. Similarly, if a tax position fails to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the benefit taken in the tax return will also result in the recognition of a liability in the financial statements for the full amount of the unrecognized benefit. FIN No. 48 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006 (including the first interim period for calendar-year companies) and the provisions of FIN No. 48 were applicable with respect to all tax positions under SFAS No. 109 upon initial adoption. The cumulative effect of applying the provisions of this interpretation will be reported as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings for that fiscal year. We are in the process of determining the impact of adopting this new accounting principle on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

 

   

“How Taxes Are Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities Should be Presented in the Income Statement”, or Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 06-3

The scope of EITF Issue No. 06-3 includes any tax assessed by a governmental authority that is directly imposed on a revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer and may include, but is not limited to, sales, use, value added, and certain excise taxes. The Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) reached a tentative conclusion that the presentation of taxes mentioned above on either a gross (included in revenues and costs) or a net (excluded from revenues) basis is an accounting policy decision that should be disclosed pursuant to Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 22. In addition, for any such

 

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taxes that are reported on a gross basis, a company should disclose the amounts of those taxes in interim and annual financial statements for each period for which an income statement is presented if the amounts are significant. The disclosure of these taxes can be done on an aggregate basis. The tentative conclusion of the EITF requires only the presentation of additional disclosures and, as a result, an entity would not be required to reevaluate its existing policies related to taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are directly imposed on a revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer. However, if a company chooses to reevaluate its existing policies and elects to change the presentation of taxes within the scope of EITF Issue No. 06-3, it must follow the requirements of Statement No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections—a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3.” The EITF also reached a tentative conclusion that Issue No. 06-3 should be applied to financial reports for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2006. Earlier application is permitted. We are in the process of determining the impact of adopting this new accounting principle on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Operating Results

The following table sets forth our consolidated income statement under Mexican Financial Reporting Standards for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:

 

      Year Ended December 31,  
      2006     2006     2005     2004  
     (in millions of U.S. dollars and constant Mexican pesos at
December 31, 2006)
 

Net sales

   $ 11,667     Ps. 125,994     Ps. 111,051     Ps. 101,637  

Other operating revenues

     40     433     585     679  
                          

Total revenues

     11,707     126,427     111,636     102,316  
                          

Cost of sales

     6,291     67,940     59,483     54,190  

Gross profit

     5,416     58,487     52,153     48,126  

Operating expenses:

        

Administrative

     778     8,400     7,466     7,245  

Selling

     3,028     32,697     28,284     25,917  
                          

Total operating expenses

     3,806     41,097     35,750     33,162  
                          

Income from operations

     1,610     17,390     16,403     14,964  

Interest expense

     (374 )   (4,040 )   (4,520 )   (4,076 )

Interest income

     65     707     684     613  
                          

Interest expense, net

     (309 )   (3,333 )   (3,836 )   (3,463 )

Foreign exchange gain (loss)

     (20 )   (217 )   308     (23 )

Gain on monetary position

     129     1,395     1,169     2,112  

Market value loss on ineffective portion of derivative financial instrument

     (10 )   (109 )   (160 )   —    
                          

Integral result of financing

     (210 )   (2,264 )   (2,519 )   (1,374 )

Other expenses, net

     (104 )   (1,125 )   (452 )   (856 )
                          

Income before taxes and employee profit sharing

     1,296     14,001     13,432     12,734  

Taxes and employee profit sharing

     445     4,806     4,866     2,649  
                          

Consolidated net income

   $ 851     Ps. 9,195     Ps. 8,566     Ps. 10,085  
                          

Net majority income

     613     6,622     5,766     6,411  

Net minority income

     238     2,573     2,800     3,674  
                          

Consolidated net income

   $ 851     Ps. 9,195     Ps. 8,566     Ps. 10,085  
                          

 

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The following table sets forth certain operating results by reportable segment under Mexican Financial Reporting Standards for each of our segments for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
                       Percentage Growth  
     2006     2005     2004     2006 vs. 2005     2005 vs. 2004  
     (in millions of constant Mexican pesos at December 31, 2006, except for
percentages)
 

Net sales

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   Ps. 57,539     Ps. 53,601     Ps. 50,899     7.3 %   5.3 %

FEMSA Cerveza

   35,370     28,521     26,612     24.0 %   7.2 %

FEMSA Comercio

   35,500     29,898     24,556     18.7 %   21.8 %

Total revenues

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   57,738     53,997     51,276     6.9 %   5.3 %

FEMSA Cerveza

   35,599     28,690     26,848     24.1 %   6.9 %

FEMSA Comercio

   35,500     29,898     24,556     18.7 %   21.8 %

Cost of sales

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   30,196     27,522     26,227     9.7 %   4.9 %

FEMSA Cerveza

   15,271     11,564     11,048     32.1 %   4.7 %

FEMSA Comercio

   25,866     21,967     18,037     17.8 %   21.8 %

Gross profit

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   27,542     26,475     25,049     4.0 %   5.7 %

FEMSA Cerveza

   20,328     17,126     15,800     18.7 %   8.4 %

FEMSA Comercio

   9,634     7,931     6,519     21.5 %   21.7 %

Income from operations

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   9,456     9,218     8,459     2.6 %   9.0 %

FEMSA Cerveza

   5,915     5,590     5,101     5.8 %   9.6 %

FEMSA Comercio

   1,604     1,310     979     22.4 %   33.8 %

Depreciation

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA(1)

   2,393     2,385     2,177     0.4 %   9.5 %

FEMSA Cerveza

   1,684     1,558     1,604     8.1 %   (2.8 )%

FEMSA Comercio

   415     336     232     23.8 %   44.8 %

Gross margin(2)

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   47.7 %   49.0 %   48.9 %   (1.3 )%   0.2 %

FEMSA Cerveza

   57.1 %   59.7 %   58.8 %   (2.6 )%   0.9 %

FEMSA Comercio

   27.1 %   26.5 %   26.5 %   0.6 %   0.0 %

Operating margin(3)

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   16.4 %   17.1 %   16.5 %   (0.7 )%   0.6 %

FEMSA Cerveza

   16.6 %   19.5 %   19.0 %   (2.9 )%   0.5 %

FEMSA Comercio

   4.5 %   4.4 %   4.0 %   0.1 %   0.4 %

(1) Includes breakage of bottles of Coca-Cola FEMSA.

 

(2) Gross margin calculated with reference to total revenues.

 

(3) Operating margin calculated with reference to total revenues.

 

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Results of Operations For Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2005

FEMSA Consolidated

In 2006, FEMSA Cerveza acquired 99.83% of the Brazilian brewer, Cervejarias Kaiser, or Kaiser, through a series of transactions with Molson Coors and Heineken N.V. The following discussion of our consolidated results for 2006 fully reflects the inclusion of the results for Brazilian beer operations in 2006. However, because we did not own Brazilian beer operations prior to this period, our consolidated results and FEMSA Cerveza’s results for 2006 are not fully comparable to the prior period.

Total Revenues

Consolidated total revenues increased 13.2% to Ps. 126,427 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 111,636 million in 2005. All of FEMSA’s operations—soft drinks, beer and retail—contributed to this revenue growth. FEMSA Cerveza was the largest contributor to consolidated total revenue growth in 2006, representing approximately 47% of the increase, due to the inclusion of its newly acquired Brazilian beer operations and a 9.3% increase in Mexico beer sales, which reached Ps. 25,286 million in 2006. The remaining growth came primarily from FEMSA Comercio and Coca-Cola FEMSA. FEMSA Comercio’s total revenues increased 18.7% to Ps. 35,500 million, due in large part to the 706 net new stores opened during the year. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s total revenues increased 6.9% to Ps. 57,738 million, mainly due to increased prices and strong volume growth throughout most of its nine countries of operation. This increase was partially offset by Mexico’s continued pricing pressure, which was partly compensated for by price improvements in the other areas.

Gross Profit

Consolidated cost of sales increased 14.2 % to Ps. 67,940 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 59,483 million in 2005. Approximately 79% of this increase resulted from FEMSA Comercio and its Oxxo store expansion, and to FEMSA Cerveza, which increased its cost of sales due to the acquisition of its Brazilian beer operations.

Consolidated gross profit increased 12.1% to Ps. 58,487 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 52,153 million in 2005. Approximately 51% of this increase resulted from FEMSA Cerveza, due to the inclusion of its newly acquired Brazilian operations. Gross margin decreased 0.4 percentage points to 46.3% of consolidated total revenues in 2006, compared to 46.7% of consolidated total revenues in 2005. The slight decline in consolidated gross margin from 2005 levels resulted from the inclusion of FEMSA Cerveza’s lower margin beer operations in Brazil, and the increased contribution of FEMSA Comercio in our consolidated financial results, which has lower gross margin relative to our other operations, typical of convenience and retail store formats.

Income from Operations

Consolidated operating expenses increased 15.0% to Ps. 41,097 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 35,750 million in 2005. Approximately 54% of this increase was due to FEMSA Cerveza, which increased expenses year-over-year due to the inclusion of its newly acquired Brazilian operations and increased selling expenses in the Mexican market, primarily for advertising and market-related initiatives. As a percentage of total revenues, consolidated operating expenses increase 0.5 percentage points to reach 32.5% in 2006 compared with 32.0% in 2005.

Consolidated administrative expenses increased 12.5% to Ps. 8,400 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 7,466 million in 2005. As a percentage of total revenues, consolidated administrative expenses decreased 0.1 percentage points to reach 6.6% in 2006 compared with 6.7% in 2005. The lower level of administrative expenses relative to total revenue growth resulted from a 0.1% reduction in administrative expenses at Coca-Cola FEMSA and stable administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenues at FEMSA Cerveza (excluding Brazil) and FEMSA Comercio.

 

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Consolidated selling expenses increased 15.6% to Ps. 32,697 million in 2006 as compared to Ps. 28,284 million in 2005. Approximately 54% of this increase was due to FEMSA Cerveza and the inclusion of its newly acquired Brazilian operations, and 29% to FEMSA Comercio’s rapid rate of growth. As a percentage of total beer revenues, selling expenses increased 0.6 percentage points to reach 25.9% in 2006 compared to 25.3% in 2005.

We incur various expenses related to the distribution of our products that are accounted for in our selling expenses. During 2006 and 2005, our distribution costs amounted to Ps. 9,190 million and Ps. 8,586 million, respectively. The exclusion of these charges from our cost of sales may result in the amounts reported as gross profit not being comparable to other companies that may include all expenses related to their distribution network in cost of sales when calculating gross profit or an equivalent measure.

Consolidated income from operations increased 6.0% to Ps. 17,390 million in 2006 as compared to Ps. 16,403 million in 2005. Over one-third of this increase resulted from FEMSA Cerveza and its top-line growth combined with gross margin improvements that offset increased operating expenses and the negative impact from the inclusion of the newly acquired Brazilian operations. The remaining amount is attributable to FEMSA Comercio and Coca-Cola FEMSA, representing approximately 30% and 24% respectively. Consolidated operating margin decreased 0.9 percentage points from 2005 levels to 13.8% of consolidated total revenues in 2006. The decrease in operating margin was primarily attributable to the inclusion of FEMSA Cerveza’s Brazilian beer operations, which generated a loss of Ps. 74 million due partly to increased marketing expenses for the brand Kaiser and in part to the launch of the brand Sol, to a margin contraction at our key beverage operations, and to the increased contribution of the Oxxo retail chain, which has the lowest operating margin relative to our other core beverage operations.

Some of our subsidiaries pay management fees to us in consideration for corporate services provided to them. These fees are recorded as administrative expenses in the respective business segments. Our subsidiaries’ payments of management fees are eliminated in consolidation and, therefore, have no effect on our consolidated operating expenses.

Coca-Cola FEMSA

Total Revenues

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s total revenues increased 6.9% to Ps. 57,738 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 53,997 million in 2005. Net sales increased 7.3% to Ps. 57,539 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 53,601 million in 2005 and represented 99.7% of total revenues in 2006. Total revenue growth primarily resulted from Brazil, Venezuela and Mexico, accounting for approximately 34%, 18% and 17% of the incremental total revenues, respectively.

Sales volume reached 1,998 million unit cases in 2006 compared to 1,889 million unit cases in 2005, which represents an increase of 5.8%, mainly driven by a 6.4% volume growth of the Coca-Cola brand, which accounted for almost 70% of incremental volume. Sales volume growth in Mexico and Brazil accounted for over 57% of our incremental volume. Carbonated soft drink sales volume grew 5.9% to 1,694.7 million unit cases, driven by incremental volume across all of our territories.

Average price per unit case (calculated by dividing net sales by total sales volume excluding beer in Brazil) remained flat in real terms at Ps. 28.36 (US$ 2.61) during 2006, due to price increases in all our territories except for Mexico and Argentina.

Gross Profit

Cost of sales increased 9.7% to Ps. 30,196 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 27,522 million in 2005. As a percentage of total sales, cost of sales increased 1.3 percentage points from 2005 to reach 52.3% of total revenues

 

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in 2006. The increase was mainly due to higher sweetener costs in all of our operations, combined with higher plastic bottle prices in some of our territories and higher packaging costs due to a packaging mix shift towards non-returnable presentations.

Gross profit increased 4.0% to Ps. 27,542 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 26,475 million in 2005, Brazil and Mexico accounted for over 45% of this growth. Gross margin decreased 1.3 percentage points due to higher cost per unit case in all of our territories, except Mexico and Argentina.

Income from Operations

Operating expenses increased 4.8% to Ps. 18,086 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 17,257 million in 2005 mainly as a result of salary increases ahead of inflation in some of the countries in which we operate, higher operating expenses due to increases in maintenance expenses and freight costs in some territories, and higher marketing investment in our major operations in connection with several initiatives intended to reinforce our presence in the market and to build brand equity. As a percentage of total revenues, operating expenses declined from 32.0% in 2005 to 31.3% in 2006 due to higher fixed-cost absorption, driven by incremental volumes and higher average price per unit case. Administrative expenses increased 5.8% to Ps. 3,201 million in 2006 from Ps. 3,026 million in 2005. Selling expenses increased 4.6% to Ps. 14,885 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 14,231 million in 2005. At 25.8% of total revenues, selling expenses decreased 0.5 percentage points from 2005 levels.

After conducting a thorough analysis, performed by a third party, of the current conditions and expected useful life of our cooler inventories in our territories in Mexico, we decided to modify the useful life of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s coolers in Mexico from five to seven years. We made this decision based on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s equipment maintenance policy and our ability to better manage our cooler platform in the marketplace. This change in estimate, which was accounted for prospectively reduced our amortization expenses by Ps. 127 million in 2006, and increased our operating income by a similar amount.

Income from operations increased 2.6% to Ps. 9,456 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 9,218 million in 2005 as a result of higher fixed-cost absorption due to higher revenues. Growth in operating income in Colombia, Central America and Brazil more than compensated for flat operating income in Mexico and a decline in Venezuela and Argentina. Operating margin decreased by 0.7 percentage points to 16.4% in 2006 compared to 17.1% in 2005, mainly due to higher cost per unit case.

FEMSA Cerveza

Total Revenues

FEMSA Cerveza total revenues increased 24.1% to Ps. 35,599 million in 2006 as compared to Ps. 28,690 million in 2005. Net sales, which include beer and packaging sales, represented 99.4% of total revenues. This growth was primarily due to the inclusion of FEMSA Cerveza’s Brazilian operations, which represented approximately 62% of the increase in total revenues. The remaining growth came from a 9.6% increase in export beer sales, a 9.3% increase in Mexican beer sales and a 6.5% increase in packaging sales.

Mexico

Mexico sales volume increased 5.6% to 25.951 million hectoliters in 2006 compared to 24.580 million hectoliters in 2005. The increased product innovation, broader availability of our beers, successful execution at the point of sale, revenue management initiatives and continued strength in consumer demand, produced this top-line growth. Most notable was the growth of our Tecate Light and Sol brands, which through focused initiatives have shown improved brand equity and health indicators.

 

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Mexico price per hectoliter increased 3.6% to Ps. 974.4 in 2006 compared to Ps. 940.8 in 2005. This strength was driven by (1) the higher price realized from volume brought under direct distribution earlier in the year, (2) a positive mix effect and (3) revenue management and other initiatives aimed at optimizing price points per stock keeping unit and channel while selectively adjusting the margin offered to the retailer.

Brazil

Brazil sales volume was 8.935 million hectoliters in 2006. Brazil price per hectoliter was Ps. 476.6 in 2006.

Export

Export sales volume increased 15.3% to 2.811 million hectoliters in 2006 compared to 2.438 million hectoliters in 2005. This result was slightly above our expectations, in part due to the contribution of Heineken USA, which enabled us to outpace import category growth in the United States for a second year in a row.

Export price per hectoliter decreased 5.0% to Ps. 1,020.6 in 2006 compared to Ps. 1,074.1 in 2005. The decrease in export price reflects a negative foreign exchange rate effect due to the year-on-year real strengthening of the Mexican peso, and to a lesser extent due to presentation and channel mix effects as FEMSA Cerveza’s 24-ounce presentation of Tecate continued to grow in the off-premise trade.

Gross Profit

Cost of sales increased 32.1% to Ps. 15,271 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 11,564 million in 2005. As a percentage of total revenues, cost of sales increased 2.6 percentage points from 2005. The increase relative to total revenues growth resulted from the inclusion of our Brazilian beer operations, which has a lower gross margin compared to Mexico and exports. Excluding our Brazilian beer operations, as a percentage of revenues, cost of sales would have decreased 0.5 percentage points from 2005.

Gross profit reached Ps. 20,328 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 17,126 million in 2005, resulting in a gross margin of 57.1% as compared to 59.7%. The 2.6 percentage points decline from 2005 resulted from the inclusion of our Brazilian beer operations. Excluding our Brazilian beer operations, the gross margin would have improved 0.5 percentage points from 2005 due to the benefits of volume-driven fixed cost absorption and increased efficiency, which compensated for upward pricing pressure from raw materials, particularly aluminum.

Income from Operations

Operating expenses increased 24.9% to Ps. 14,413 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 11,536 million in 2005. Administrative expenses increased 14.1% to Ps. 4,091 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 3,585 million in 2005, of which 28% of the increase corresponds to the inclusion of our Brazilian beer operations and the remaining 72% reflects changes in the distribution network, enhancements to our infrastructure and compliance-related activities. Selling expenses increased 29.8% to Ps. 10,322 million in 2006 as compared with Ps. 7,951 million in 2005. Approximately 58% of the increase in selling expenses resulted from the inclusion of the Brazilian beer operations, with most of the remaining increase (approximately 30%) resulting from increased selling expenses in the Mexican market due to the expense structure of third-party volume brought into direct distribution in the year, incremental services provided to retailers whose margins we adjust, increased activation at the point of sale and a strengthened commercial sales structure.

Income from operations increased 5.8% to Ps. 5,915 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 5,590 million in 2005. This reflects an increase in total revenues on strong volume growth and pricing, combined with higher cost of sales and operating expenses. The inclusion of Brazil resulted in a reduction of Ps. 74 million in total income from operations.

 

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FEMSA Comercio

Total Revenues

FEMSA Comercio total revenues increased 18.7% to Ps. 35,500 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 29,898 million in 2005. The increase in total revenues was mainly a result of the aggressive expansion of the Oxxo convenience store chain, which added 706 net new Oxxo stores during 2006. As of December 31, 2006, we had 4,847 Oxxo stores nationwide. This is Oxxo’s 11th consecutive year of increasing the number of net new store openings.

Same-store sales of Oxxo increased an average of 8.2% in 2006, reflecting an increase in the average customer ticket of 2.8% and an increase in store traffic of 5.4%. This increase reflects rapid store expansion and stronger category management practices, such as tailored product offerings within the stores.

Gross Profit

Cost of sales increased 17.7% to Ps. 25,866 million in 2006, below total revenue growth, compared with Ps. 21,967 million in 2005. As a result, gross profit reached Ps. 9,634 million in 2006, which represented a 21.5% increase from 2005. Gross margin expanded 0.6 percentage points to reach 27.1% of total revenues, primarily due to the benefit from increased coordinated efforts with our suppliers to provide what we believe to be the right promotions and right products for consumers.

Income from Operations

Operating expenses increased 21.3% to Ps. 8,030 million in 2006 compared with Ps. 6,621 million in 2005. Administrative expenses increased 19.4% to Ps. 727 million in 2006 compared with Ps. 609 million in 2005, due to compliance-related expenses and administrative personnel to support the expanded store base. Selling expenses increased 21.5% to Ps. 7,303 million in 2006 compared with Ps. 6,012 million in 2005, due to an increase in expenses related to the development of direct distribution capabilities, opening of new administrative offices in Colima, Tapachula and Tuxtla, an increase in energy tariffs and consumption as we continue to add to our fast-food capabilities, and increased depreciation expense due to the ongoing renovation of certain Oxxo store formats.

Income from operations increased 22.4% to Ps. 1,604 million in 2006 compared with Ps. 1,310 million in 2005. This increase was above revenue growth, and contributed to a 0.1 percentage point increase in operating margin which reached 4.5% in 2006 compared with 4.4% in 2005.

FEMSA Consolidated—Net Income

Integral Cost of Financing

Net interest expense reached Ps. 3,333 million in 2006 compared with Ps. 3,836 million in 2005, resulting from a lower average interest rate of 8.8% in 2006 compared to 9.3% in 2005, and a reduction in peso denominated debt, which has a higher interest rate relative to dollar denominated debt.

Foreign exchange (loss/gain) amounted to a loss of Ps. 217 million in 2006 compared with a gain of Ps. 308 million in 2005. This loss resulted from the negative effect of the weakening of the Mexican peso on our U.S. dollar-denominated debt during 2006.

 

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Monetary position amounted to a gain of Ps. 1,395 million in 2006 compared with a gain of Ps. 1,169 million in 2005. The increase in the amount of our gain in 2006 compared with 2005 reflects the inflation on our increased liabilities recorded in 2006.

Taxes

Tax recognized in 2006, which includes income tax, tax on assets and employee profit sharing, amounted to Ps. 4,806 million compared to Ps. 4,866 million in 2005. The 1.2% decrease from 2005 is primarily due a reduction in corporate tax rates. Consequently, the effective tax rate (calculated as income before taxes and employee profit sharing divided by taxes and employee profit sharing) in 2006 was 34.3% compared to 36.2% in 2005.

Net Income

Net income increased 7.3% to Ps. 9,195 million in 2006 compared to Ps. 8,566 million in 2005. This increase was due to growth of 6.0% in income from operations combined with a 13.1% decrease in net interest expense, higher gains on monetary position of 19.3%, and a reduction in the effective tax rate, partially offset by an increase in other expenses.

Net majority income amounted to Ps. 6,622 million in 2006 compared with Ps. 5,766 million in 2005, an increase of 14.8% from 2005 levels. Net majority income per FEMSA Unit (consisting of FEMSA BD Units and FEMSA B Units) was Ps. 5.552 in 2006. Net majority income per FEMSA ADS, considering an exchange rate of Ps. 10.876 per dollar, was US$ 5.105 in 2006.

Results of Operations For Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2004

FEMSA Consolidated

Total Revenues

Consolidated total revenues increased 9.1% to Ps. 111,636 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 102,316 million in 2004. Consolidated net sales increased 9.3% to Ps. 111,051 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 101,637 million in 2004. All of FEMSA’s operations—soft drinks, beer, and retail—contributed positively to this high single-digit pace. FEMSA Comercio was the largest contributor to consolidated total revenue growth in 2005, representing approximately 60% of the increase. FEMSA Comercio’s total revenues increased 21.8% to Ps. 29,898 million, due in large part to the 675 net new stores opened during the year. Most of the remaining growth came from Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s total revenues increased 5.3% to Ps. 53,997 million, mainly due to increased prices and volume growth in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia. FEMSA Cerveza posted total revenue growth of 6.9% to Ps. 28,690 million, due primarily to a 5.2% increase in total sales volume and a 2.3% increase in the total real price per hectoliter.

Gross Profit

Consolidated cost of sales increased 9.8% to Ps. 59,483 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 54,190 million in 2004. Approximately 74% of this increase resulted from FEMSA Comercio and its rapid pace of store expansion.

Consolidated gross profit increased 8.4% to Ps. 52,153 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 48,126 million in 2004, with Coca-Cola FEMSA, FEMSA Cerveza and FEMSA Comercio each representing approximately one-third of the increase. Gross margin decreased 0.3 percentage points to 46.7% of consolidated total revenues in 2005, compared to 47.0% of consolidated total revenues in 2004. We achieved an expanding or stable gross margin in all of our main business units and the slight decline in consolidated gross margin from 2004 levels resulted from the increased contribution of FEMSA Comercio in our consolidated financial results, which has a lower gross margin relative to our other operations.

 

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Income from Operations

Consolidated operating expenses increased 7.8% to Ps. 35,750 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 33,162 million in 2004. Approximately 42% of this increase was due to FEMSA Comercio’s rapid growth and 39% was attributable to FEMSA Cerveza, which increased selling expenses in connection with its new agreement with Heineken USA and also increased advertising for new products and presentations in the domestic market. As a percentage of total revenues, consolidated operating expenses declined 0.4 percentage points to reach 32.0% in 2005 compared with 32.4% in 2004.

Consolidated administrative expenses increased 3.1% to Ps. 7,466 million in 2005 versus Ps. 7,245 million in 2004. The lower level of administrative expenses relative to total revenue growth resulted from a 0.2% reduction in expenses at Coca-Cola FEMSA and a decrease in expenses as a percentage of total revenues at FEMSA Cerveza and FEMSA Comercio. As a percentage of total revenues, consolidated administrative expenses decreased 0.4 percentage points to reach 6.7% in 2005 compared with 7.1% in 2004.

Consolidated selling expenses increased 9.1% to Ps. 28,284 million in 2005 as compared to Ps. 25,917 million in 2004. Approximately 45% of this increase was due to FEMSA Comercio’s rapid rate of growth, and approximately 31% was due to FEMSA Cerveza’s increased expenses related to the new agreement with Heineken USA and increased advertising for new products and presentations in the domestic market. As a percentage of total revenues, selling expenses remained stable at 25.3% in 2005 compared with 25.3% in 2004.

We incur various expenses related to the distribution of our products that are accounted for in our selling expenses. During 2005 and 2004, our distribution costs amounted to Ps. 8,586 million and Ps. 7,807 million, respectively. The exclusion of these charges from our cost of sales may result in the amounts reported as gross profit not being comparable to other companies that may include all expenses related to their distribution network in cost of sales when calculating gross profit or an equivalent measure.

Consolidated income from operations increased 9.6% to Ps. 16,403 million in 2005 as compared to Ps. 14,964 million in 2004. Almost half of this increase resulted from Coca-Cola FEMSA and its solid top-line growth combined with reduced expenses. The remaining amount is attributable to FEMSA Cerveza and FEMSA Comercio, representing 34% and 23%, respectively. Consolidated operating margin increased 0.1 percentage points from 2004 levels to 14.7% of consolidated total revenues in 2005. The stable operating margin was primarily due to operating margin improvements at Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza that completely offset the increased contribution of FEMSA Comercio, which is our fastest growing business with the lowest operating margin relative to our other core operations.

Some of our subsidiaries pay management fees to FEMSA in consideration for corporate services provided to them. These fees are recorded as administrative expenses in the respective business segments. Our subsidiaries’ payments of management fees are eliminated in consolidation and, therefore, have no effect on our consolidated operating expenses.

Coca-Cola FEMSA

Total Revenues

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s total revenues increased 5.3% to Ps. 53,997 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 51,276 million in 2004. Net sales increased 5.3% to Ps. 53,601 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 50,899 million in 2004 and represented 99.3% of total revenues in 2005. Total revenue growth primarily resulted from Mexico, Brazil and Colombia, accounting for approximately 55%, 29% and 16%, of the incremental total revenues, respectively.

Sales volume reached 1,889 million unit cases in 2005 compared to 1,812 million unit cases in 2004, which represents an increase of 4.3%. Most of the increase came from carbonated soft drink volume growth of 3.6% in 2005. The Coca-Cola brand accounted for over 50% of the incremental volume.

Average price per unit case (calculated by dividing net sales by total sales volume) increased 0.8% from Ps. 28.14 in 2004 to Ps. 28.37 in 2005. The increase was primarily due to price increases in all our territories except for Central America. Price increases implemented during the year mainly in Venezuela, Colombia and

 

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Argentina, combined with better packaging and product mix in Mexico and Brazil, resulted in higher average prices per unit case.

Gross Profit

Cost of sales increased 4.9% to Ps. 27,522 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 26,227 million in 2004. As a percentage of total revenues, cost of sales decreased 0.2 percentage points to reach 51.0% of sales in 2005, slightly below 2004 levels. Lower sweetener costs in Mexico and Colombia, combined with the appreciation of local currencies in the majority of our territories applied to U.S. dollar-denominated costs, more than compensated for increases in prices for resin used to produce plastic bottles.

Gross profit increased 5.7% to Ps. 26,475 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 25,049 million in 2004, resulting in a gross margin of 49.0%. Brazil and Mexico accounted for 90% of this growth. Gross margin improved 0.2 percentage points as a result of higher average prices per unit case in all our territories, except for Central America, and relatively stable average costs per unit case on a consolidated basis.

Income from Operations

Operating expenses increased 4.0% to Ps. 17,257 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 16,590 million in 2004. As a percentage of total revenues, operating expenses declined from 32.3% in 2004 to 32.0% in 2005 due to higher fixed-cost absorption driven by incremental volumes and higher average price per unit case. Administrative expenses declined 0.2% to Ps. 3,026 million in 2005 from Ps. 3,033 million in 2004. Selling expenses increased 5.0% to Ps. 14,231 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 13,557 million in 2004. At 26.3% of total revenues, selling expenses decreased 0.1 percentage points from 2004 levels.

Income from operations increased 9.0% to Ps. 9,218 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 8,459 million in 2004. Growth in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia more than compensated for operating income decline in Central America and Venezuela. Operating margin improved by 0.6 percentage points to 17.1% in 2005 compared to 16.5% in 2004.

FEMSA Cerveza

Total Revenues

FEMSA Cerveza total revenues increased 6.9% to Ps. 28,690 million in 2005 as compared to Ps. 26,848 million in 2004. Net sales increased 7.2% to Ps. 28,521 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 26,612 million in 2004. Net sales, which include beer and packaging sales, represented 99.4% of total revenues. This growth was primarily due to total beer sales volume growth of 5.2%, a 2.3% increase in total real price per hectoliter and a 2.9% increase in packaging sales.

Mexican beer sales volume increased 4.9% to 24.580 million hectoliters in 2005 compared to 23.442 million hectoliters in 2004. The increased product innovation, broader availability of our beers supported by the expansion of Oxxo, successful execution at the point of sale, and revenue management initiatives produced this top-line growth. During the year, we rolled out an unprecedented amount of new products and presentations, launching 200 new SKUs throughout the country.

Export beer sales volume increased 8.8% to 2.438 million hectoliters in 2005 compared to 2.240 million hectoliters in 2004. This result was slightly above our expectations thanks to the work of Heineken USA, which enabled us to outpace import category growth in the United States. It has been one full year since Heineken USA became our U.S. importer, and we believe that the continued focus towards increasing the overall availability of our brands and improving our performance across the entire country will continue to be important for 2006.

Gross Profit

Cost of sales increased 4.7% in 2005 and as a percentage of total revenues decreased 0.9 percentage points from 2004. Cost of sales reached Ps. 11,564 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 11,048 million in 2004. Gross profit reached Ps. 17,126 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 15,800 million in 2004, resulting in a gross margin of 59.7%

 

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as compared to 58.8%. The gross margin expanded 0.9% as a result of higher prices per hectoliter in exports due to the new Heineken agreement structure, which did not apply in 2004, the strength of the Mexican peso as applied to U.S. dollar-denominated raw materials, and operating efficiencies.

Until January 1, 2005, we were a party to an agreement with Labatt USA for the sale of our beer in the U.S. market. Under this agreement, we sold our beer to Labatt USA at a price that gave Labatt USA margin sufficient to cover most of the selling and marketing expenses for our brands in the U.S. market and, as 30% owners of Labatt USA, we received an equivalent proportion of Labatt USA’s profits as equity income. Beginning on January 1, 2005, our exports to the U.S. market are through a new commercial agreement with Heineken USA. Under this new agreement, we export our beer to the U.S. market at a higher price than under our previous arrangement with Labatt USA, and we pay a significant component of the selling and marketing expenses of our brands in the U.S. market. We no longer have any equity participation in connection with our exports to the U.S. market.

Income from Operations

Operating expenses increased 7.8% to Ps. 11,536 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 10,699 million in 2004. Administrative expenses increased 2.7% to Ps. 3,585 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 3,491 million in 2004. Selling expenses increased 10.3% to Ps. 7,951 million in 2005 as compared with Ps. 7,208 million in 2004. Most of this increase was due to additional market spending under the new agreement with Heineken USA and increased domestic advertising spending for new products and presentations.

Income from operations increased 9.6% to Ps. 5,590 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 5,101 million in 2004. This reflects an increase in total revenues and reduced cost of sales relative to revenues, which more than compensated for increased operating expenses.

FEMSA Comercio

Total Revenues

FEMSA Comercio total revenues increased 21.8% to Ps. 29,898 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 24,556 million in 2004. The increase in total revenues was mainly a result of the aggressive expansion of the Oxxo convenience store chain, which added 675 net new Oxxo stores during 2005. As of December 31, 2005, we had 4,141 Oxxos nationwide. This is Oxxo’s 10th consecutive year of increasing the number of new store openings.

Same-store sales of Oxxo increased an average of 8.7% in 2005, reflecting an increase in the average ticket of 1.3% and an increase in store traffic of 7.2%. This increase reflects rapid store expansion and stronger category management practices, such as tailored product offerings within the stores.

Gross Profit

Cost of sales increased 21.8% to Ps. 21,967 million in 2005, in-line with total revenue growth, compared with Ps. 18,037 million in 2004. As a result, gross profit reached Ps. 7,931 million in 2005, which represented a 21.7% increase from 2004. Gross margin remained in-line with 2004 levels at 26.5%.

Income from Operations

Operating expenses increased 19.5% to Ps. 6,621 million in 2005 compared with Ps. 5,540 million in 2004. Administrative expenses increased 4.8% to Ps. 609 million in 2005 compared with Ps. 581 million in 2004. Selling expenses increased 21.2% to Ps. 6,012 million in 2005 compared with Ps. 4,959 million in 2004. In 2005, selling expenses represented 20.1% of total revenues, remaining in line with 2004 levels, which were 20.2%.

Income from operations increased 33.8% to Ps. 1,310 million in 2005 compared with Ps. 979 million in 2004. This increase was above revenue growth, and contributed to a 0.4 percentage point increase in operating margin which reached 4.4% in 2005 compared with 4.0% in 2004.

 

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FEMSA Consolidated—Net Income

Integral Result of Financing

Net interest expense reached Ps. 3,836 million in 2005 compared with Ps. 3,463 million in 2004, despite the reduction in overall debt, resulting primarily from higher interest expense due to the conversion through currency swaps of U.S. dollar denominated debt into Mexican pesos.

Foreign exchange (loss/gain) amounted to a gain of Ps. 308 million in 2005 compared with a loss of Ps. 23 million in 2004. This significant gain resulted from the positive effect of the strength of the Mexican peso on our U.S. dollar-denominated debt during 2005.

Monetary position amounted to a gain of Ps. 1,169 million in 2005 compared with a gain of Ps. 2,112 million in 2004. The decrease in the amount of our gain in 2005 compared with 2004 reflects the lower inflation on our reduced liabilities recorded in 2005.

Taxes

Tax recognized in 2005, which includes income tax, tax on assets and employee profit sharing, amounted to Ps. 4,866 million compared to Ps. 2,649 million in 2004. The 83.7% increase from 2004 is primarily due to a one-time deferred tax benefit that was recognized at Coca-Cola FEMSA in the amount of Ps. 1,410 million during that year. Consequently, the effective tax rate (calculated as income before taxes and employee profit sharing divided by taxes and employee profit sharing) in 2005 was 36% compared to 21% in 2004.

Net Income

Net income decreased 15.1% to Ps. 8,566 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 10,085 million in 2004. This decrease was due to higher taxes relative to 2004 because of the one-time deferred tax benefit recognized at Coca-Cola FEMSA during 2004, to higher interest expense as we continued to convert our U.S. dollar denominated debt into Mexican pesos and to a lower monetary gain due to the lower inflationary impact on our reduced liabilities recorded in 2005.

Net majority income amounted to Ps. 5,766 million in 2005 compared with Ps. 6,411 million in 2004, a decrease of 10.1% from 2004 levels. Net majority income per FEMSA Unit was Ps. 4.834 for full year 2005. Net majority income per ADS, considering an exchange rate of Ps. 10.711 per dollar, was US$ 4.51 in 2005.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Each of our sub-holding companies generally finances its operational and capital requirements on an independent basis. As of December 31, 2006, 89.5% of our outstanding consolidated indebtedness was at the level of our sub-holding companies. This structure is attributable, in part, to the inclusion of third parties in the capital structure of Coca-Cola FEMSA. Currently, we expect to continue to finance our operations and capital requirements primarily at the level of our sub-holding companies. Nonetheless, we may decide to incur indebtedness at our holding company in the future to finance the operations and capital requirements of our subsidiaries or significant acquisitions, investments or capital expenditures. As a holding company, we depend on dividends and other distributions from our subsidiaries to service our indebtedness.

We continuously evaluate opportunities to pursue acquisitions or engage in joint ventures or other transactions. We would expect to finance any significant future transactions with a combination of cash from operations, long-term indebtedness and capital stock.

The principal source of liquidity of each sub-holding company has generally been cash generated from operations. We have traditionally been able to rely on cash generated from operations because a significant majority of the sales of Coca-Cola FEMSA, FEMSA Cerveza and FEMSA Comercio are on a cash or short-term credit basis, and FEMSA Comercio’s Oxxo stores are able to finance a significant portion of their initial and ongoing inventories with supplier credit. Our principal use of cash has generally been for capital expenditure

 

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programs, debt repayment and dividend payments. The following is a summary of the principal uses of cash for the three years ended December 31, 2006:

Principal Uses of Cash

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2006     2005     2004  
     (in millions of constant Mexican pesos)  

Net resources generated by operations

   Ps. 16,139     Ps. 14,337     Ps. 16,654  

Capital expenditures(1)

     (8,888 )     (7,034 )     (7,508 )

Bank loans and notes

     4,527       (12,027 )     7,229  

Dividends declared and paid

     (1,406 )     (1,063 )     (907 )

 

(1) Includes property, plant and equipment plus intangible assets and other assets.

Our sub-holding companies generally incur short-term indebtedness in the event that they are temporarily unable to finance operations or meet any capital requirements with cash from operations. A significant decline in the business of any of our sub-holding companies may affect the sub-holding company’s ability to fund its capital requirements. A significant and prolonged deterioration in the economies in which we operate or in our businesses may affect our ability to obtain short-term and long-term credit or to refinance existing indebtedness on terms satisfactory to us.

We have traditionally financed significant acquisitions, principally Coca-Cola FEMSA’s acquisition of Coca-Cola Buenos Aires in 1994 and its acquisition of Panamco in May 2003 and our acquisition of the 30% interest in FEMSA Cerveza owned by affiliates of InBev in August 2004, capital expenditures and other capital requirements that could not be financed with cash from operations by incurring long-term indebtedness and through the issuance of equity.

Our consolidated total indebtedness was Ps. 40,181 million as of December 31, 2006, as compared to Ps. 36,105 million as of December 31, 2005. Short-term debt (including maturities of long-term debt) and long-term debt were Ps. 5,930 million and Ps. 34,251 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2006, as compared to Ps. 5,163 million and Ps. 30,942 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2005. Cash and cash equivalents were Ps. 7,936 million as of December 31, 2006, as compared to Ps. 8,558 million as of December 31, 2005.

We believe that our sources of liquidity as of December 31, 2006 were adequate for the conduct of our sub-holding companies’ businesses and that we will have sufficient funds available to meet our expenditure demands and financing needs in 2007.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

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Contractual Obligations

The table below sets forth our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2006:

 

     Maturity  
     Less than
1 year
    1 - 3 years     3 - 5
years
    In excess of 5
years
    Total  
     (in millions of Mexican pesos)  

Long-Term Debt

          

Mexican pesos(1)

   Ps. 2,082     Ps. 7,286     Ps. 8,909     Ps. 11,486     Ps. 29,763  

U.S. dollars(1)

     147       3,821       132       2,435       6,535  

Colombian pesos

     166       —         —         —         166  

Brazilian reais

     38       180       —         —         218  

Capital Leases

          

U.S. dollars

     7       2       —         —         9  

Interest payments(2)

          

Mexican pesos

     2,429       4,100       2,894       2,003       11,426  

U.S. dollars

     421       798       289       173       1,681  

Colombian pesos

     16       —         —         —         16  

Brazilian reais

     15       11       —         —         26  

Interest rate swaps(3)

          

Mexican pesos

     341       (1,506 )     (781 )     (107 )     (2,053 )

U.S. dollars

     —         —         —         —         —    

Cross currency and interest rate swap

          

Japanese yen to Brazilian reais(4)

     12       41       —         —         53  

Mexican pesos to U.S. dollars(5)

     —         (4 )     (13 )     —         (17 )

U.S. dollars to Colombian pesos(6)

     —         64       —         —         64  

Forward contracts

          

Agreements to purchase Mexican pesos(7)

     (41 )     —         —         —         (41 )

Agreements to purchase euros