Form 20-F

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2006

 


UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


FORM 20-F

 


ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005

Commission file number 1-14814

 


Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A. de C.V.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 


Mexican Economic Development, Inc.

(Translation of Registrant’s Name into English)

 


United Mexican States

(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

 


General Anaya No. 601 Pte.

Colonia Bella Vista

Monterrey, NL 64410 Mexico

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 


Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class

  

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

American Depositary Shares, each representing 10 BD Units, each consisting of one Series B Share, two Series D-B Shares and two Series D-L Shares, without par value

   New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

The number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of December 31, 2005 was:

 

720,392,590

   BD Units, each consisting of one Series B Share, two Series D-B Shares and two Series D-L Shares, without par value. The BD Units represent a total of 720,392,590 Series B Shares, 1,440,785,180 Series D-B Shares and 1,440,785,180 Series D-L Shares.

472,349,500

   B Units, each consisting of five Series B Shares without par value. The B Units represent a total of 2,361,747,500 Series B Shares.

 


Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

x Yes                                         ¨ No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

¨ Yes                                        x No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

x Yes                                         ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large Accelerated filer x

  Accelerated filer ¨   Non-accelerated filer ¨

Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

¨ Item 17                                    x Item 18

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

¨ Yes                                        x No

 



TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page

INTRODUCTION

   1
  

References

   1
  

Currency Translations and Estimates

   1
  

Forward-Looking Information

   1

ITEMS 1-2.

   NOT APPLICABLE    2

ITEM 3

   KEY INFORMATION    2
  

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

   2
  

Dividends

   4
  

Exchange Rate Information

   6
  

Risk Factors

   7
  

FEMSA Cerveza

   10
  

FEMSA Comercio

   12

ITEM 4

   INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY    17
  

The Company

   17
  

Overview

   17
  

Corporate Background

   17
  

Ownership Structure

   20
  

Significant Subsidiaries

   21
  

Business Strategy

   21
  

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   22
  

FEMSA Cerveza

   43
  

FEMSA Comercio

   54
  

Other Business Segment

   59
  

Description of Property, Plant and Equipment

   59
  

Insurance

   61
  

Capital Expenditures and Divestitures

   61
  

Regulatory Matters

   62

ITEM 4A

   UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS    65

ITEM 5

   OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS    66
  

Overview of Events, Trends and Uncertainties

   66
  

Recent Developments

   66
  

Operating Leverage

   67
  

Critical Accounting Estimates

   67
  

New Accounting Pronouncements

   72
  

Operating Results

   76
  

Liquidity and Capital Resources

   87
  

U.S. GAAP Reconciliation

   94

ITEM 6

   DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES    95
  

Directors

   95
  

Senior Management

   101
  

Compensation of Directors and Senior Management

   104
  

Stock Incentive Plan

   104
  

EVA Stock Incentive Plan

   105
  

Insurance Policies

   105
  

Ownership by Management

   105
  

Board Practices

   106

 

i


          Page
  

Statutory Examiner

   107
  

Employees

   107

ITEM 7

   MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS    109
  

Major Shareholders

   109
  

Related-Party Transactions

   109
  

Voting Trust

   109
  

Interest of Management in Certain Transactions

   110
  

Business Transactions between Coca-Cola FEMSA and The Coca-Cola Company

   111

ITEM 8

   FINANCIAL INFORMATION    112
  

Consolidated Financial Statements

   112
  

Dividend Policy

   112
  

Legal Proceedings

   112

ITEM 9

   THE OFFER AND LISTING    116
  

Description of Securities

   116
  

Trading Markets

   116
  

Trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange

   117
  

Price History

   117

ITEM 10

   ADDITIONAL INFORMATION    120
  

Bylaws

   120
  

Taxation

   126
  

Material Contracts

   129
  

Documents on Display

   133

ITEM 11

   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK    134
  

Interest Rate Risk

   134
  

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

   136
  

Equity Risk

   138
  

Commodity Price Risk

   138

ITEMS 12-14.

   NOT APPLICABLE    139

ITEM 15.

   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES    139

ITEM 16A.

   AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT    139

ITEM 16B.

   CODE OF ETHICS    139

ITEM 16C.

   PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES    139

ITEM 16D.

   NOT APPLICABLE    140

ITEM 16E.

  

PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

   140

ITEM 17.

   NOT APPLICABLE    140

ITEM 18.

   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS    140

ITEM 19.

   EXHIBITS    141

 

ii


INTRODUCTION

References

The terms “FEMSA,” “our company,” “we,” “us” and “our,” are used in this annual report to refer to Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A. de C.V. and, except where the context otherwise requires, its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. We refer to our subsidiary Coca-Cola FEMSA, S.A. de C.V., as “Coca-Cola FEMSA,” our subsidiary FEMSA Cerveza, S.A. de C.V., as “FEMSA Cerveza,” and our subsidiary FEMSA Comercio, S.A. de C.V., as “FEMSA Comercio.”

References to “U.S. dollars,” “US$,” “dollars” or “$” are to the lawful currency of the United States of America. References to “Mexican pesos,” “pesos” or “Ps.” are to the lawful currency of the United Mexican States, or Mexico.

Currency Translations and Estimates

This annual report contains translations of certain Mexican peso amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. These translations should not be construed as representations that the Mexican peso amounts actually represent such U.S. dollar amounts or could be converted into U.S. dollars at the rate indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, such U.S. dollar amounts have been translated from Mexican pesos at an exchange rate of Ps. 10.6275 to US$ 1.00, the noon buying rate for Mexican pesos on December 31, 2005 as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. On March 31, 2006, this exchange rate was Ps. 10.8980 to US$ 1.00. See “Item 3. Key Information—Exchange Rate Information” for information regarding exchange rates since January 1, 2001. In our previous public disclosures, we presented U.S. dollar amounts based on the exchange rate quoted by dealers to FEMSA for the settlement of obligations in foreign currencies at the end of the applicable period.

To the extent estimates are contained in this annual report, we believe that such estimates, which are based on internal data, are reliable. Amounts in this annual report are rounded, and the totals may therefore not precisely equal the sum of the numbers presented.

Per capita growth rates and population data have been computed based upon statistics prepared by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática of Mexico (the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Information, which we refer to as the Mexican Institute of Statistics), the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Banco de México (the Bank of Mexico) and upon our estimates.

Forward-Looking Information

This annual report contains words, such as “believe,” “expect” and “anticipate” and similar expressions that identify forward-looking statements. Use of these words reflects our views about future events and financial performance. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors that may be beyond our control, including but not limited to effects on our company from changes in our relationship with or among our affiliated companies, movements in the prices of raw materials, competition, significant developments in Mexico or international economic or political conditions or changes in our regulatory environment. Accordingly, we caution readers not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. In any event, these statements speak only as of their respective dates, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of them, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

1


ITEMS 1-2. NOT APPLICABLE

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

This annual report includes, under Item 18, our audited consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders’ equity and changes in financial position for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003. Our audited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico, or Mexican GAAP. Mexican GAAP differs in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP.

Notes 27 and 28 to our audited consolidated financial statements provide a description of the principal differences between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to our company, together with a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income and stockholders’ equity as well as U.S. GAAP consolidated balance sheets, statements of income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the same periods presented for Mexican GAAP purposes. In the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP, we present our subsidiary Coca-Cola FEMSA, which is a consolidated subsidiary for purposes of Mexican GAAP, under the equity method for U.S. GAAP purposes, due to the substantive participating rights of The Coca-Cola Company as a minority shareholder in Coca-Cola FEMSA.

The effects of inflation accounting under Mexican GAAP have not been reversed in the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP. See note 27 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

Our subsidiary, Coca-Cola FEMSA, acquired Corporación Interamericana de Bebidas, S.A. de C.V., known at the time of acquisition as Panamerican Beverages, Inc. and which we refer to as Panamco, on May 6, 2003. Panamco is included in our audited consolidated financial statements since May 2003 but is not included prior to this date.

 

2


The following table presents selected financial information of our company. This information should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements. The selected financial information is presented on a consolidated basis and is not necessarily indicative of our financial position or results of operations at or for any future date or period.

 

   

Selected Consolidated Financial Information

Year Ended December 31,

 
    2005(1)     2005     2004     2003(2)     2002     2001  
    (in millions of U.S. dollars and millions of Mexican pesos at December 31, 2005, except
for per share data, the weighted average number of shares outstanding and percentages)
 

Income Statement Data:

           

Mexican GAAP:

           

Total revenues

  $ 9,935     Ps. 105,582     Ps. 96,833     Ps. 82,496     Ps. 59,996     Ps. 57,042  

Income from operations

    1,467       15,587       14,236       13,073       10,542       9,557  

Taxes(3)

    431       4,584       2,533       3,785       4,090       3,337  

Change in accounting principle

    4       46       —         —         —         (33 )

Consolidated net income

    768       8,158       9,558       5,067       5,208       5,669  

Net majority income

    522       5,549       6,027       3,408       3,203       3,856  

Net minority income

    246       2,609       3,531       1,659       2,005       1,813  

Net majority income:(4)

           

Per Series B Share

    0.08       0.87       1.01       0.57       0.54       0.65  

Per Series D Share

    0.10       1.09       1.27       0.72       0.67       0.81  

Weighted average number of shares outstanding (in millions):

           

Series B Shares

    2,944.9       2,944.9       2,739.2       2,739.2       2,739.2       2,739.2  

Series D Shares

    2,753.4       2,753.4       2,561.0       2,561.0       2,561.0       2,561.0  

Allocation of earnings:

           

Series B Shares

    46.11 %     46.11 %     46.11 %     46.11 %     46.11 %     46.11 %

Series D Shares

    53.89 %     53.89 %     53.89 %     53.89 %     53.89 %     53.89 %

U.S. GAAP:

           

Total revenues

  $ 5,493     Ps. 58,382     Ps. 51,461     Ps. 46,104     Ps. 41,611     Ps. 40,051  

Income from operations

    602       6,401       5,568       4,982       5,131       4,254  

Participation in Coca-Cola FEMSA’s earnings(5)

    191       2,035       2,720       1,170       1,455       1,327  

Change in accounting principle

    —         —         —         —         —         (26 )

Minority interest

    —         —         485       397       642       514  

Net income

    502       5,333       6,809       3,555       3,484       3,592  

Net income:(4)

           

Per Series B Share

    0.08       0.84       1.15       0.60       0.59       0.61  

Per Series D Share

    0.10       1.04       1.43       0.75       0.73       0.76  

Balance Sheet Data:

           

Mexican GAAP:

           

Total assets

  $ 11,856     Ps. 125,998     Ps. 125,075     Ps. 115,692     Ps. 68,119     Ps. 57,927  

Current liabilities

    1,867       19,839       24,393       18,572       13,386       9,736  

Long-term debt(6)

    2,798       29,732       37,502       36,392       11,078       8,053  

Other long-term liabilities

    868       9,235       9,302       10,355       6,367       6,026  

Capital stock

    466       4,953       4,612       4,612       4,612       4,612  

Total stockholders’ equity

    6,323       67,192       53,878       50,373       37,288       34,112  

Majority interest

    4,503       47,851       36,660       31,187       26,118       24,095  

Minority interest

    1,820       19,341       17,218       19,186       11,170       10,017  

 

3


   

Selected Consolidated Financial Information

Year Ended December 31,

 
    2005(1)     2005     2004     2003(2)     2002     2001  
    (in millions of U.S. dollars and millions of Mexican pesos at December 31, 2005,
except for per share data, the weighted average number of shares outstanding
and percentages)
 

U.S. GAAP:

           

Total assets

  $ 8,594     Ps. 91,335     Ps. 85,783     Ps. 74,863     Ps. 72,345     Ps. 63,864  

Current liabilities

    888       9,437       15,743       10,793       12,629       9,026  

Long-term debt(6)

    1,323       14,058       15,055       7,728       7,496       5,913  

Other long-term liabilities

    405       4,301       3,214       5,121       4,759       3,597  

Minority interest

    4       48       52       5,527       5,905       5,551  

Capital stock

    466       4,953       4,612       4,612       4,612       4,612  

Stockholders’ equity

    5,974       63,491       51,719       45,694       41,556       39,777  

Other information:

           

Mexican GAAP:

           

Depreciation(7)

  $ 390     Ps. 4,147     Ps. 3,882     Ps. 3,435     Ps. 2,612     Ps. 2,629  

Capital expenditures(8)

    612       6,505       7,147       7,456       6,468       5,645  

Operating margin(9)

    14.8 %     14.8 %     14.7 %     15.8 %     17.6 %     16.8 %

U.S. GAAP:

           

Depreciation(7)

  $ 185     Ps. 1,967     Ps. 1,878     Ps. 2,169     Ps. 1,821     Ps. 1,667  

Operating margin(9)

    11.0 %     11.0 %     10.8 %     10.8 %     12.3 %     10.6 %

(1) Translation to U.S. dollar amounts at an exchange rate of Ps.10.6275 to US$ 1.00 solely for the convenience of the reader.
(2) Our 2003 financial information is not comparable to prior and subsequent periods due to the acquisition of Panamco in May 2003 by our subsidiary Coca-Cola FEMSA. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospectus— Comparability of Information Presented-Panamco Acquisition.”
(3) Includes income tax, tax on assets and employee profit sharing.
(4) The net income (after changes in accounting principles) per Series B Share and per Series D Share was calculated in accordance with Bulletin B-14 of Mexican GAAP, which is similar to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 128, “Earnings per share” of U.S. GAAP. The weighted average number of shares outstanding and allocation of earnings are the same as Mexican GAAP.
(5) Coca-Cola FEMSA is included under the equity method for U.S. GAAP, as discussed in note 27 (a) to our audited consolidated financial statements.
(6) Includes long-term debt minus the current portion of long-term debt.
(7) Includes bottle breakage for Coca-Cola FEMSA.
(8) Includes investments in property, plant and equipment, intangible and other assets.
(9) Operating margin is calculated by dividing income from operations by total revenues.

Dividends

We have historically paid dividends per BD Unit (including in the form of ADSs) approximately equal to or greater than 1% of the market price on the date of declaration, subject to changes in our results of operations and financial position, including due to extraordinary economic events and to the factors described in “Risk Factors” that affect our financial condition and liquidity. These factors may affect whether or not dividends are declared and the amount of such dividends. We do not expect to be subject to any contractual restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, although our subsidiaries may be subject to such restrictions. Because we are a holding company with no significant operations of our own, we will have distributable profits and cash to pay dividends only to the extent that we receive dividends from our subsidiaries. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will pay dividends or as to the amount of any dividends.

 

4


The following table sets forth for each year the nominal amount of dividends per share that we declared in Mexican pesos and the U.S. dollar amounts that were actually paid on each of the respective payment dates for the 2001 to 2005 fiscal years:

 

Date Dividend Paid

  

Fiscal Year
with Respect to
which

Dividend

was Declared

   Aggregate Amount
of Dividend
Declared(1)
   Per Series B
Share
Dividend
   Per Series B
Share
Dividend
   Per Series D
Share
Dividend
   Per Series D
Share
Dividend

May 31, 2002

   2001    Ps. 664,966,740    Ps. 0.1120    $ 0.0116    Ps. 0.140000    $ 0.0145

May 30, 2003

   2002    Ps. 397,792,604    Ps. 0.0670    $ 0.0065    Ps. 0.083750    $ 0.0081

May 31, 2004

   2003    Ps. 531,379,672    Ps. 0.0895    $ 0.0078    Ps. 0.111875    $ 0.0098

May 31, 2005

   2004    Ps. 659,997,941    Ps. 0.1112    $ 0.0102    Ps. 0.138950    $ 0.0127

June 15, 2006

   2005    Ps. 986,000,000    Ps. 0.1475    $ 0.0129    Ps. 0.184400    $ 0.0161

(1) The aggregate amount of dividend declared is determined by the per series dividend amount multiplied by (a), for 2001 through 2004, 2,737,740,090 Series B Shares and 2,559,570,360 Series D Shares, and (b), for 2005, 3,082,140,090 Series B Shares and 2,881,570,360 Series D Shares, which is in each case the number of shares outstanding at the date each dividend is declared.

At the annual ordinary general shareholders meeting, the board of directors submits the financial statements of our company for the previous fiscal year, together with a report thereon by the board of directors and the report of the statutory examiner. Once the holders of Series B Shares have approved the financial statements, they determine the allocation of our net profits for the preceding year. Mexican law requires the allocation of at least 5% of net profits to a legal reserve, which is not subsequently available for distribution, until the amount of the legal reserve equals 20% of our paid in capital stock. Thereafter, the holders of Series B Shares may determine and allocate a certain percentage of net profits to any general or special reserve, including a reserve for open-market purchases of our shares. The remainder of net profits is available for distribution in the form of dividends to our shareholders. Dividends may only be paid if net profits are sufficient to offset losses from prior fiscal years.

Our bylaws provide that, before May 11, 2008, dividends will be allocated among the shares outstanding and fully paid at the time a dividend is declared in such manner that each Series D-B Share and Series D-L Share receives 125% of the dividend distributed in respect of each Series B Share. Holders of Series D-B Shares and Series D-L Shares are entitled to this dividend premium in connection with all dividends paid by us other than payments in connection with the liquidation of our company. On May 11, 2008, the Series D-B Shares will automatically convert into Series B Shares and the Series D-L Shares will automatically convert into Series L Shares, which will not be entitled to a dividend premium. From and after May 11, 2008, the Series L Shares and Series B Shares that are outstanding and fully paid at the time a dividend is declared will be entitled to share equally in the dividend.

Subject to certain exceptions contained in the deposit agreement dated February 11, 2004, among FEMSA, The Bank of New York, as ADS depositary, and holders and beneficial owners from time to time of our American Depositary Shares, or ADSs, evidenced by American Depositary Receipts, any dividends distributed to holders of our ADSs will be paid to the ADS depositary in Mexican pesos and will be converted by the ADS depositary into U.S. dollars. As a result, restrictions on conversion of Mexican pesos into foreign currencies and exchange rate fluctuations may affect the ability of holders of our ADSs to receive U.S. dollars and the U.S. dollar amount actually received by holders of our ADSs. Although the Mexican government does not currently restrict the ability of Mexican and foreign persons or entities to convert Mexican pesos to U.S. dollars or other currencies or to transfer other currencies out of Mexico, we cannot give any assurance that the Mexican government will not institute a restrictive exchange control policy in the future.

 

5


Exchange Rate Information

The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, the high, low, average and period end noon buying rates of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, expressed in Mexican pesos per one U.S. dollar. The rates have not been restated in constant currency units and therefore represent nominal historical figures.

 

Period

   Exchange Rate
     High    Low    Average(1)    Period End

2001

   Ps. 9.97    Ps. 8.95    Ps. 9.34    Ps. 9.16

2002

     10.43      9.00      9.66      10.43

2003

     11.41      10.11      10.80      11.24

2004

     11.64      10.81      11.29      11.15

2005

     11.41      10.41      10.89      10.63

(1) Average month-end rates.

 

     Exchange Rate
     High    Low    Period End

2004:

        

First Quarter

   Ps. 11.25    Ps. 10.81    Ps. 11.18

Second Quarter

     11.64      11.16      11.54

Third Quarter

     11.60      11.35      11.39

Fourth Quarter

     11.54      11.11      11.15

2005:

        

First Quarter

   Ps. 11.41    Ps. 10.98    Ps. 11.18

Second Quarter

     11.23      10.76      10.77

Third Quarter

     10.90      10.58      10.79

Fourth Quarter

     10.94      10.41      10.63

December

   Ps. 10.77    Ps. 10.41    Ps. 10.63

2006:

        

January

   Ps. 10.64    Ps. 10.44    Ps. 10.44

February

     10.53      10.43      10.45

March

     10.95      10.46      10.90

April

     11.16      10.86      11.09

May

     11.31      11.84      11.29

June(1)

     11.46      11.28      11.42

(1) From the period beginning June 1 until June 15, 2006.

Mexico has a free foreign exchange market and, since December 1994, the Mexican government has not intervened to maintain the value of the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar. The Mexican peso declined in 1998 as the foreign exchange markets experienced volatility as a result of the financial crises in Asia and Russia and the financial turmoil in countries such as Brazil and Venezuela. The Mexican peso remained relatively stable from 1999 until the fall of 2001. In late 2001 and early 2002, the Mexican peso appreciated considerably against the U.S. dollar and, more strongly, against other foreign currencies. From the second quarter of 2002 and until the end of 2003, the Mexican peso depreciated in value. The Mexican peso remained relatively stable in 2004 and appreciated from the second quarter of 2005 through February 2006. Since March 2006 and as of June 15, 2006, the Mexican peso has depreciated due to political uncertainty relating to the elections that will take place in July 2006 in Mexico and as a result of market growth expectations with regard to international short-term interest rates and long-term interest rates in the U.S. We can make no assurance that the Mexican government will maintain its current policies with regard to the Mexican peso or that the Mexican peso will not depreciate significantly in the future.

 

6


RISK FACTORS

Risks Related to Our Company

Coca-Cola FEMSA

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business depends on its relationship with The Coca-Cola Company, and changes in this relationship may adversely affect its results of operations and financial position.

Approximately 96% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s sales volume in 2005 was derived from sales of Coca-Cola trademark beverages. In each of its territories, Coca-Cola FEMSA produces, markets and distributes Coca-Cola trademark beverages through standard bottler agreements. Through its rights under the bottler agreements and as a large shareholder, The Coca-Cola Company has the ability to exercise substantial influence over the conduct of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business.

Under Coca-Cola FEMSA’s bottler agreements, The Coca-Cola Company may unilaterally set the price for its concentrate. In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company informed Coca-Cola FEMSA that it will gradually increase concentrate prices for carbonated soft drinks over a three year period in Mexico beginning in 2007 and in Brazil beginning in 2006. Coca-Cola FEMSA prepares a three-year general business plan that is submitted to its board of directors for approval. The Coca-Cola Company may require that Coca-Cola FEMSA demonstrate its financial ability to meet its plans and may terminate Coca-Cola FEMSA’s rights to produce, market and distribute soft drinks in territories with respect to which such approval is withheld. The Coca-Cola Company also makes significant contributions to Coca-Cola FEMSA’s marketing expenses although it is not required to contribute a particular amount. In addition, Coca-Cola FEMSA is prohibited from bottling any soft drink product or distributing other beverages without The Coca-Cola Company’s authorization or consent. The Coca-Cola Company has the exclusive right to import and export Coca-Cola trademark beverages to and from Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories, although Coca-Cola FEMSA holds the exclusive right to sell Coca-Cola trademark beverages within its territories. Coca-Cola FEMSA may not transfer control of the bottler rights of any of its territories without the consent of The Coca-Cola Company.

Coca-Cola FEMSA depends on The Coca-Cola Company to renew its bottler agreements. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s bottler agreements for Mexico expire in 2013 and 2015 and are renewable in each case for ten-year terms. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s bottler agreements for Brazil expired in December 2004, and its bottler agreements for Guatemala, Nicaragua and Colombia expire in June 2006. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s bottler agreement for Coca-Cola trademark beverages in Venezuela expires in August 2006. Coca-Cola FEMSA is currently in the process of negotiating renewals of these agreements. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s remaining territories are governed by bottler agreements that expire after 2006 and have similar renewal periods. There can be no assurances that The Coca-Cola Company will decide to renew any of these agreements. In addition, these agreements generally may be terminated in the event that Coca-Cola FEMSA fails to comply with their terms. Termination would prevent Coca-Cola FEMSA from selling Coca-Cola trademark beverages in the affected territory and would have an adverse effect on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

The Coca-Cola Company has substantial influence on the conduct of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business, which may result in Coca-Cola FEMSA taking actions contrary to the interest of its remaining shareholders.

The Coca-Cola Company has significant influence on the conduct of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business. The Coca-Cola Company indirectly owns 39.6% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s outstanding capital stock, representing 46.4% of its capital stock with full voting rights. The Coca-Cola Company is entitled to appoint four of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s 18 directors and certain of its executive officers and, except under limited circumstances, has the power to veto all actions requiring approval by Coca-Cola FEMSA’s board of directors. Thus, The Coca-Cola Company has the power to affect the outcome of all actions requiring approval by Coca-Cola FEMSA’s board of directors and, except in certain limited situations, has the power to determine the outcome of all actions requiring

 

7


approval of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s shareholders. See “Item 10—Additional Information—Material Contracts—Coca-Cola FEMSA—Shareholders Agreement.” The interests of The Coca-Cola Company may be different from the interests of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s remaining shareholders, which may result in Coca-Cola FEMSA taking actions contrary to the interest of its remaining shareholders.

Coca-Cola FEMSA has significant transactions with affiliates, particularly The Coca-Cola Company, that create potential conflicts of interest and could result in less favorable terms to Coca-Cola FEMSA.

Coca-Cola FEMSA engages in transactions with subsidiaries of The Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola FEMSA is a party to a number of bottler agreements with The Coca-Cola Company and has also entered into a credit agreement with The Coca-Cola Company pursuant to which it may borrow up to US$ 250 million for working capital and other general corporate purposes. See “Item 10—Additional Information—Material Contracts—Coca-Cola FEMSA—Shareholders Agreement.” In addition, Coca-Cola FEMSA has entered into cooperative marketing arrangements with The Coca-Cola Company. Transactions with affiliates may create the potential for conflicts of interest, which could result in terms less favorable to Coca-Cola FEMSA than could be obtained from an unaffiliated third party.

Competition could adversely affect Coca-Cola FEMSA’s financial performance.

The beverage industry throughout Latin America is highly competitive. Coca-Cola FEMSA faces competition from other bottlers of carbonated soft drinks such as Pepsi products, and from producers of low cost beverages, or “B brands.” Coca-Cola FEMSA also competes against beverages other than soft drinks such as water, fruit juice and sport drinks. In Mexico, Coca-Cola FEMSA faces competition from water beverage companies such as Danone, with its local brand Aguas Santa María, from Pepsico in the sport drink market, with its Gatorade brand, and from a diverse array of local fruit juice beverage companies. Although competitive conditions are different in each of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories, Coca-Cola FEMSA competes principally in terms of price, packaging, consumer sale promotions, customer service and non-price retail incentives. There can be no assurances that Coca-Cola FEMSA will be able to avoid lower pricing as a result of competitive pressure. Lower pricing, changes made in response to competition and changes in consumer preferences may have an adverse effect on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s financial performance.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s principal competitor in Mexico is The Pepsi Bottling Group, or PBG. PBG is the largest bottler of Pepsi products worldwide and competes with Coca-Cola trademark beverages. Coca-Cola FEMSA has also experienced stronger competition in Mexico from lower priced soft drinks in larger, multiple serving packaging. In Argentina and Brazil, Coca-Cola FEMSA competes with Companhia de Bebidas das Américas, commonly referred to as AmBev, the largest brewer in Latin America and a subsidiary of InBev S.A., which sells Pepsi products, in addition to a portfolio that includes local brands with flavors such as guaraná and proprietary beers. In each of its territories, Coca-Cola FEMSA competes with Pepsi bottlers and with various other bottlers and distributors of nationally and regionally advertised soft drinks. In certain territories, Coca-Cola FEMSA competes with producers of soft drink flavors that have a strong local presence.

A water shortage or a failure to maintain existing concessions could adversely affect Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business.

Water is an essential component of soft drinks. Coca-Cola FEMSA obtains water from various sources in its territories, including springs, wells, rivers and municipal water companies. In Mexico, Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases water from municipal water companies and pumps water from its own wells pursuant to concessions granted by the Mexican government. Coca-Cola FEMSA obtains the vast majority of the water used in its soft drink production in Mexico pursuant to these concessions, which the Mexican government granted based on studies of the existing and projected groundwater supply. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s existing water concessions in Mexico may be terminated by governmental authorities under certain circumstances and their renewal depends on receiving necessary authorizations from municipal and/or federal water authorities. See “Item 4—Information

 

8


on the Company—Regulatory Matters—Water Supply Law.” In Coca-Cola FEMSA’s other territories, its existing water supply may not be sufficient to meet its future production needs and the available water supply may be adversely affected by shortages or changes in governmental regulations.

Coca-Cola FEMSA cannot assure you that water will be available in sufficient quantities to meet its future production needs, or that its concessions will not be terminated or will prove sufficient to meet its water supply needs.

Increases in the prices of raw materials would increase Coca-Cola FEMSA’s cost of sales and may adversely affect its results of operations.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s most significant raw materials are concentrate, which it acquires from companies designated by The Coca-Cola Company, packaging materials and sweeteners. Prices for concentrate are determined by The Coca-Cola Company pursuant to Coca-Cola FEMSA’s bottler agreements as a percentage of the weighted average retail price, net of applicable taxes. In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company informed Coca-Cola FEMSA that it will gradually increase concentrate prices for carbonated soft drinks over a three year period in Mexico beginning in 2007 and in Brazil beginning in 2006. The prices for Coca-Cola FEMSA’s remaining raw materials are driven by market prices and local availability as well as the imposition of import duties and import restrictions and fluctuations in exchange rates. Coca-Cola FEMSA is also required to meet all of its supply needs from suppliers approved by The Coca-Cola Company, which may limit the number of suppliers available to it. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s sales prices are denominated in the local currency in which it operates, while the prices of certain materials used in the bottling of its products, mainly resin and ingots to make plastic bottles, finished plastic bottles and aluminum cans, are paid in or determined with reference to the U.S. dollar, and therefore may increase if the U.S. dollar appreciates against the currency of any country in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates, particularly against the Mexican peso. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Coca-Cola FEMSA—Raw Materials.”

After concentrate, packaging and sweeteners constitute the largest portion of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s raw material costs. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s most significant packaging raw material costs arise from the purchase of resin and plastic ingots to make plastic bottles and from the purchase of finished plastic bottles, the prices of which are tied to crude oil prices. In Mexico, the prices that Coca-Cola FEMSA paid for resin increased on average by more than 25% in U.S. dollars in 2005. Sugar prices in all of the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates other than Brazil are subject to local regulations and other barriers to market entry that cause it to pay in excess of international market prices for sugar. Coca-Cola FEMSA expects sugar prices to increase in 2006 in all of the countries in which it operates other than Mexico. In Venezuela, Coca-Cola FEMSA has experienced sugar shortages that have adversely affected its operations. These shortages were due to insufficient domestic production to meet demand and current restrictions on sugar imports.

Coca-Cola FEMSA cannot assure you that its raw material prices will not further increase in the future. Increases in the prices of raw materials would increase Coca-Cola FEMSA’s cost of sales and adversely affect its results of operations.

Taxes on soft drinks could adversely affect Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s products are subject to excise and value-added taxes in many of the countries in which it operates. The imposition of new taxes or increases in taxes on its products may have a material adverse effect on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations. In 2003, Mexico implemented a 20% excise tax on carbonated soft drinks produced with non-sugar sweetener. See “Item 8—Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.” Certain countries in Central America, Argentina and Brazil have also imposed taxes on carbonated soft drinks. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Coca-Cola FEMSA—Taxation of Soft Drinks.” We cannot assure you that any governmental authority in any country where Coca-Cola FEMSA operates will not impose or increase taxes on its products in the future.

 

9


Regulatory developments may adversely affect Coca-Cola FEMSA’s business.

Coca-Cola FEMSA is subject to regulation in each of the territories in which it operates. The principal areas in which Coca-Cola FEMSA is subject to regulation are environment, labor, taxation, health and antitrust. The adoption of new laws or regulations in the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates may increase its operating costs or impose restrictions on its operations which, in turn, may adversely affect its financial condition, business and results of operations. In particular, environmental standards are becoming more stringent in several of the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates, and Coca-Cola FEMSA is in the process of complying with these new standards. Further changes in current regulations may result in an increase in compliance costs, which may have an adverse effect on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s future results of operations or financial condition.

Voluntary price restraints or statutory price controls have been imposed historically in several of the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates. The imposition of these restrictions in the future may have an adverse effect on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s results of operations and financial position. Although Mexican bottlers have been free to set prices for carbonated soft drinks without governmental intervention since January 1996, such prices had been subject to statutory price controls and to voluntary price restraints, which effectively limited Coca-Cola FEMSA’s ability to increase prices in the Mexican market without governmental consent. We cannot assure that governmental authorities in any country where Coca-Cola FEMSA operates will not impose statutory price controls or voluntary price restraints in the future.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s operations have from time to time been subject to investigations and proceedings by antitrust authorities and litigation relating to alleged anticompetitive practices. We cannot assure you that these investigations and proceedings will not have an adverse effect on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s results of operations or financial condition.

FEMSA Cerveza

Unfavorable economic conditions in Mexico or the United States may adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s business.

Demand for the products of FEMSA Cerveza may be affected by economic conditions in Mexico or the United States. In particular, demand in northern Mexico, where there are a large number of border towns, may be disproportionately affected by the performance of the United States’ economy. In addition, FEMSA Cerveza’s exports to the United States may be affected by reduced demand from the United States or from a reduction in prices by its competitors. Any depreciation of the Mexican peso may negatively affect its results of operations because a significant portion of its costs and expenses are denominated in, or determined by reference to, the U.S. dollar.

Uncertainty in commodity prices of raw materials used by FEMSA Cerveza may result in increased costs and adversely affect its results of operations.

FEMSA Cerveza purchases a number of commodities for the production of its products (principally aluminum, barley, malt and hops) from Mexican producers and in the international market. The prices of such commodities can fluctuate and are determined by global supply and demand and other factors, including changes in exchange rates, over which FEMSA Cerveza has no control. Market prices for aluminum increased by approximately 9% in 2005. Because aluminum prices are denominated in U.S. dollars, an appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Mexican peso would increase the cost to FEMSA Cerveza as a percentage of net sales, as its sales are generally in Mexican pesos. There can be no assurance that FEMSA Cerveza will be able to recover increases in the cost of raw materials. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—FEMSA Cerveza—Raw Materials.” An increase in raw materials costs would adversely affect its results of operations.

 

10


FEMSA Cerveza’s sales in the United States depend on distribution arrangements with Heineken USA.

Heineken USA Inc., or Heineken USA, is the exclusive importer, marketer and distributor of FEMSA Cerveza’s beer brands in the United States under a three-year agreement that expires on December 31, 2007. Accordingly, FEMSA Cerveza’s exports to the United States during the remainder of the three-year term of the distributor agreement will depend to a significant extent on Heineken USA’s performance under this agreement. We cannot assure that Heineken USA will be able to maintain or increase sales of FEMSA Cerveza’s beer brands in the United States or that, upon expiration of the agreement, FEMSA Cerveza will be able to renew the agreement or enter into a substitute arrangement on comparable terms.

FEMSA Cerveza’s sales in the Mexican market depend on its ability to compete with Grupo Modelo.

FEMSA Cerveza faces competition in the Mexican beer market from Grupo Modelo, S.A. de C.V., or Grupo Modelo. FEMSA Cerveza’s ability to compete successfully in the Mexican beer market will have a significant impact on its Mexican sales. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—FEMSA Cerveza—The Mexican Beer Market.”

Competition from imports in the Mexican beer market is increasing and may adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s business.

Imports do not currently constitute a significant portion of the Mexican beer market and represented only 2% of the Mexican beer market in terms of sales volume in 2005. Under the North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, the tariffs applicable to beers imported from the United States and Canada were eliminated in January 2001. Increased import competition, however, could result from potential new entrants to the Mexican beer market or from a change in consumer preferences in Mexico and could lead to greater competition in general, which may adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s business, financial position and results of operations. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—FEMSA Cerveza—The Mexican Beer Market.”

Regulatory developments in Mexico could adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s business.

FEMSA Cerveza’s business is subject to a variety of different Mexican government regulations, both federal and local, and may be affected by changes in law, regulation or regulatory policy. Actions of Mexican federal and local authorities, in particular, changes in governmental policy with respect to excise and value-added tax laws or cold beer regulation and governmental actions relating to the beer industry practice of “tied-customer arrangements,” which are agreements with retailers to sell and promote a beer producer’s products, may have a material adverse effect on FEMSA Cerveza’s business, financial position and results of operations.

Federal regulation of beer consumption in Mexico is primarily effected through a 25% excise tax, which starting January 2006 will include an alternative minimum Mexican peso amount of Ps. 3.00 per liter for non-returnable presentations and Ps. 1.74 per liter for returnable presentations, and a 15% value-added tax. Currently, we do not anticipate an increase in these taxes, but federal regulation relating to excise taxes may change in the future, resulting in an increase or decrease in the tax. Local regulations are primarily effected through the issuance of licenses authorizing retailers to sell alcoholic beverages. Other regulations affecting beer consumption in Mexico vary according to local jurisdictions and include limitations on the hours during which restaurants, bars and other retail outlets are allowed to sell beer. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—FEMSA Cerveza—The Mexican Beer Market.”

FEMSA Cerveza may not be able to improve performance in its newly acquired Brazilian operations.

FEMSA Cerveza acquired 68% of the Brazilian brewer Cervejarias Kaiser Brasil S.A., or Kaiser, on January 13, 2006. Prior to the acquisition, Kaiser’s profitability and market position had declined as a result of operational changes by the prior owner and increased competition in the Brazilian beer market. Kaiser’s operating margins are therefore lower than those of FEMSA Cerveza’s Mexican operations. FEMSA Cerveza is currently in the process of implementing a number of initiatives to seek to improve Kaiser’s performance,

 

11


although FEMSA Cerveza has not previously conducted operations in the Brazilian beer market, where market conditions differ significantly from Mexico. FEMSA Cerveza’s initiatives may not be successful in improving Kaiser’s performance, which would adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s sales growth and operating margins.

A water supply shortage could adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s business.

FEMSA Cerveza purchases water from Mexican government entities and obtains pump water from its own wells pursuant to concessions granted by the Mexican government.

FEMSA Cerveza believes that its water concessions will satisfy its current and future water requirements. We cannot assure, however, that isolated periods of adverse weather will not affect FEMSA Cerveza’s supply of water to meet its future production needs in any given period, or that its concessions will not be terminated or will be renewed by the Mexican government. Any of these events or actions may adversely affect FEMSA Cerveza’s business, financial position and results of operations.

FEMSA Comercio

Competition from other retailers in Mexico could adversely affect FEMSA Comercio’s business.

The Mexican retail sector is highly competitive. FEMSA participates in the retail sector primarily through FEMSA Comercio. FEMSA Comercio’s Oxxo convenience stores face competition on a regional basis from 7-Eleven, Super Extra, AM/PM and Circle K stores, among others. In particular, the Super Extra chain is owned and managed by Grupo Modelo, our main competitor in the Mexican beer market, and since 2003 Super Extra has aggressively expanded the number of its stores. Oxxo convenience stores also face competition from numerous small chains of retailers across Mexico. In the future, Oxxo stores may face additional competition from other retailers that do not currently participate in the convenience store sector or from new market entrants. Increased competition may limit the number of new locations available to FEMSA Comercio and require FEMSA Comercio to modify its product offering or pricing. In addition, consumers may prefer alternative products or store formats offered by competitors. As a result, FEMSA Comercio’s results of operations and financial position may be adversely affected by competition in the future.

Sales of Oxxo convenience stores may be adversely affected by changes in economic conditions in Mexico.

Convenience stores often sell certain products at a premium. The convenience store market is thus highly sensitive to economic conditions, since an economic slowdown is often accompanied by a decline in consumer purchasing power, which in turn results in a decline in the overall consumption of FEMSA Comercio’s main product categories. During periods of economic slowdown, Oxxo stores may experience a decline in traffic per store and purchases per customer, and this may result in a decline in FEMSA Comercio’s results of operations.

FEMSA Comercio may not be able to maintain its historic growth rate.

FEMSA Comercio increased the number of Oxxo stores at an average annual rate in excess of 24% from 2001 to 2005. The growth in the number of Oxxo stores has driven growth in total revenue and operating income at FEMSA Comercio over the same period. As the overall number of stores increases, percentage growth in the number of Oxxo stores is likely to decrease. In addition, as convenience store penetration in Mexico grows, the number of viable new store locations may decrease, and new store locations may be less favorable in terms of same store sales, average ticket and store traffic. As a result, FEMSA Comercio’s future results of operations and financial condition may not be consistent with prior periods and may be characterized by lower growth rates in terms of total revenue and operating income.

 

12


Risks Related to Our Principal Shareholders and Capital Structure

A majority of our voting shares are held by a voting trust, which effectively controls the management of our company, and whose interests may differ from those of other shareholders.

As of May 31, 2006, a voting trust, the participants of which are members of five families, owned 37.08% of our capital stock and 71.75% of our capital stock with full voting rights, consisting of the Series B Shares. Consequently, the voting trust has the power to elect a majority of the members of our board of directors and to play a significant or controlling role in the outcome of substantially all matters to be decided by our board of directors or our shareholders. The interests of the voting trust may differ from those of our other shareholders. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions” and “Item 10. Additional Information—Bylaws—Voting Rights and Certain Minority Rights.”

Holders of Series D-B and D-L Shares have limited voting rights.

Holders of Series D-B and D-L Shares have limited voting rights and are only entitled to vote on specific matters, such as changes in the form of our corporate organization, a dissolution or liquidation and the cancellation of the registration of the Series D-B and D-L Shares. As a result, these holders will not be able to influence our business or operations. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders” and “Item 10. Additional Information—Bylaws—Voting Rights and Certain Minority Rights.”

Holders of ADSs may not be able to vote at our shareholder meetings.

Our shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of ADSs. We cannot assure that holders of our shares in the form of ADSs will receive notice of shareholders’ meetings from our ADS depositary in sufficient time to enable such holders to return voting instructions to the ADS depositary in a timely manner. In the event that instructions are not received with respect to any shares underlying ADSs, the ADS depositary will, subject to certain limitations, grant a proxy to a person designated by us in respect of these shares. In the event that this proxy is not granted, the ADS depositary will vote these shares in the same manner as the majority of the shares of each class for which voting instructions are received.

Holders of BD Units in the United States and holders of ADSs may not be able to participate in any future preemptive rights offering and as a result may be subject to dilution of their equity interests.

Under applicable Mexican law, if we issue new shares for cash as part of a capital increase, we are generally required to grant our shareholders the right to purchase a sufficient number of shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage. Rights to purchase shares in these circumstances are known as preemptive rights. We may not legally allow holders of our shares or ADSs located in the United States to exercise any preemptive rights in any future capital increases unless (1) we file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, with respect to that future issuance of shares or (2) the offering qualifies for an exemption from the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933. At the time of any future capital increase, we will evaluate the costs and potential liabilities associated with filing a registration statement with the SEC, as well as the benefits of preemptive rights to holders of our shares in the form of ADSs in the United States and any other factors that we consider important in determining whether to file a registration statement.

We cannot assure that we will file a registration statement with the SEC to allow holders of our shares or ADSs who are located in the United States to participate in a preemptive rights offering. In addition, under Mexican law preemptive rights may not be sold by the ADS depositary as a separate instrument, and the rights, therefore, may not be disposed of by the ADS depositary for the benefit of holders of ADSs. As a result, the equity interest of holders of our shares in the form of ADSs would be diluted proportionately. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Preemptive Rights.”

 

13


The protections afforded to minority shareholders in Mexico are different from those afforded to minority shareholders in the United States.

Under Mexican law, the protections afforded to minority shareholders are different from, and may be less than, those afforded to minority shareholders in the United States. Mexican laws concerning duties of directors are not developed, there is no procedure for class actions as such actions are conducted in the United States and there are different procedural requirements for bringing shareholder lawsuits against directors for the benefit of companies. Therefore, it may be more difficult for minority shareholders to enforce their rights against us, our directors or our controlling shareholders than it would be for minority shareholders of a United States company.

Investors may experience difficulties in enforcing civil liabilities against us or our directors, officers and controlling persons.

FEMSA is organized under the laws of Mexico, and most of our directors, officers and controlling persons reside outside the United States. In addition, all or a substantial portion of our assets and their respective assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States on such persons or to enforce judgments against them, including any action based on civil liabilities under the U.S. federal securities laws. There is doubt as to the enforceability against such persons in Mexico, whether in original actions or in actions to enforce judgments of U.S. courts, of liabilities based solely on the U.S. federal securities laws.

Developments in other countries may adversely affect the market for our securities.

The market value of securities of Mexican companies are, to varying degrees, influenced by economic and securities market conditions in other emerging market countries. Although economic conditions are different in each country, investors’ reaction to developments in one country can have effects on the securities of issuers in other countries, including Mexico. We cannot assure you that events elsewhere, especially in emerging markets, will not adversely affect the market value of our securities.

The failure or inability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or other distributions to us may adversely affect us and our ability to pay dividends to holders of ADSs.

FEMSA is a holding company. Accordingly, FEMSA’s cash flows are principally derived from dividends, interest and other distributions made to FEMSA by its subsidiaries. Currently, FEMSA’s subsidiaries do not have contractual obligations that require them to pay dividends to FEMSA. In addition, debt and other contractual obligations of our subsidiaries may in the future impose restrictions on our subsidiaries’ ability to make dividend or other payments to FEMSA, which in turn may adversely affect FEMSA’s ability to pay dividends to shareholders and meet its debt and other obligations.

Risks Related to Mexico and the Other Countries in Which We Operate

Adverse economic conditions in Mexico may adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

We are a Mexican corporation, and our Mexican operations are our single most important geographic segment. For the year ended December 31, 2005, 82% of our consolidated total revenues were attributable to Mexico. In the past, Mexico has experienced both prolonged periods of weak economic conditions and deteriorations in economic conditions that have had a negative impact on our company. We cannot assume that such conditions will not return or that such conditions will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

Our business may be significantly affected by the general condition of the Mexican economy, or by the rate of inflation in Mexico, interest rates in Mexico and exchange rates for, or exchange controls affecting, the Mexican peso. Decreases in the growth rate of the Mexican economy, periods of negative growth and/or increases in inflation or interest rates may result in lower demand for our products, lower real pricing of our

 

14


products or a shift to lower margin products. Because a large percentage of our costs and expenses are fixed, we may not be able to reduce costs and expenses upon the occurrence of any of these events, and our profit margins may suffer as a result. In addition, an increase in interest rates in Mexico would increase the cost to us of variable rate debt, which constituted 10.1% of our total debt as of December 31, 2005 (including the effect of interest rate swaps), and have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

Depreciation of the Mexican peso relative to the U.S. dollar could adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

A depreciation of the Mexican peso relative to the U.S. dollar would increase the cost to us of a portion of the raw materials we acquire, the price of which is paid in or determined with reference to U.S. dollars, and of our debt obligations denominated in U.S. dollars and thereby may negatively affect our financial position and results of operations. We generally do not hedge our exposure to the U.S. dollar with respect to the Mexican peso and other currencies. A severe devaluation or depreciation of the Mexican peso may also result in disruption of the international foreign exchange markets and may limit our ability to transfer or to convert Mexican pesos into U.S. dollars and other currencies for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal on our U.S. dollar-denominated debt or obligations in other currencies. While the Mexican government does not currently restrict, and since 1982 has not restricted, the right or ability of Mexican or foreign persons or entities to convert Mexican pesos into U.S. dollars or to transfer other currencies out of Mexico, the Mexican government could institute restrictive exchange rate policies in the future, as it has done in the past. Currency fluctuations may have an adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows in future periods.

Political events in Mexico could adversely affect our operations.

Political events in Mexico may significantly affect our operations. In the Mexican federal elections held on July 2, 2000, Vicente Fox of the Partido Acción Nacional (the National Action Party) or PAN, won the presidency. Although his victory ended more than 70 years of presidential rule by the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (the Institutional Revolutionary Party) or PRI, neither the PRI nor the PAN succeeded in securing a majority in the Mexican congress. In elections in 2003 and 2004, the PAN lost additional seats in the Mexican congress and state governorships. The resulting legislative gridlock, which is expected to continue at least until the Mexican elections in July 2006, has impeded the progress of structural reforms in Mexico, which may adversely affect economic conditions in Mexico, and consequently, our results of operations.

The Mexican elections will result in a change in administration, as presidential reelection is not permitted in Mexico. The presidential race is highly contested among a number of different parties, including the PRI, the PAN and the Partido de la Revolución Democrática (the Party of the Democratic Revolution) or PRD, each with its own political platform. As a result, we cannot predict which party will prevail in the elections or whether changes in Mexican governmental policy will result from a change in administration. Such changes may adversely affect economic conditions or the industries in which we operate in Mexico and therefore our results of operations and financial position.

Developments in other Latin American countries in which we operate may adversely affect our business.

In addition to conducting operations in Mexico, our subsidiary Coca-Cola FEMSA conducts operations in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and Argentina and, beginning in 2006, our subsidiary FEMSA Cerveza also conducts operations in Brazil. These countries expose us to different or greater country risk than Mexico. For many of these countries, results of operations in recent years have been adversely affected by deteriorating macroeconomic and political conditions. Presidential elections in Brazil in 2006 may lead to changes in current policies. In Venezuela, significant economic, legal and political instability, including a currency devaluation, high unemployment, the introduction of exchange controls and social unrest have resulted in higher production costs and declining profitability for Coca-Cola FEMSA. In Colombia and Venezuela, Coca-Cola FEMSA has experienced limited disruptions in production and distribution, and in Argentina, it experienced limited disruptions in distribution in 2005.

 

15


Our future results may be significantly affected by the general economic and financial conditions in the countries where we operate, by the devaluation of the local currency, inflation or interest rates or by political developments or changes in law. Total revenues increased in Coca-Cola FEMSA’s non-Mexican territories, other than Central America, at a relatively higher rate than in its Mexican territories in 2005 as compared to prior periods, resulting in a greater contribution to its results of operations from these territories, which also have a lower operating margin. Devaluation of the local currencies against the U.S. dollar may increase our operating costs in these countries, and depreciation against the Mexican peso may negatively affect the results of operations for these countries as reported in our Mexican GAAP financial statements. In addition, some of these countries may impose exchange controls that could impact our ability to purchase raw materials in foreign currencies and the ability of the subsidiaries in these countries to remit dividends abroad or make payments other than in local currencies, as is currently the case in Venezuela under regulations imposed in January 2003 that continue to apply. As a result of these potential risks, we may experience lower demand, lower real pricing or increases in costs, which may negatively impact our results of operations.

 

16


ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

The Company

Overview

We are a Mexican company headquartered in Monterrey, Mexico, and our origin dates back to 1890. Our company was incorporated on May 30, 1936 and has a duration of 99 years. Our legal name is Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A. de C.V., and in commercial contexts we frequently refer to ourselves as FEMSA. Our principal executive offices are located at General Anaya No. 601 Pte., Colonia Bella Vista, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64410, Mexico. Our telephone number at this location is (52-81) 8328-6000. Our website is www.femsa.com. We are organized as a sociedad anónima de capital variable under the laws of Mexico. Our agent in the U.S. is Donald Puglisi, 850 Library Avenue, Suite 204, P.O. Box 885, Newark, Delaware 19715.

We conduct our operations through the following principal holding companies, each of which we refer to as a principal sub-holding company:

 

    Coca-Cola FEMSA, which engages in the production, distribution and marketing of soft drinks;

 

    FEMSA Cerveza, which engages in the production, distribution and marketing of beer; and

 

    FEMSA Comercio, which operates convenience stores.

Corporate Background

FEMSA traces its origins to the establishment of Mexico’s first brewery, Cervecería Cuauhtémoc, S.A. de C.V., which we refer to as Cuauhtémoc, that was founded in 1890 by four Monterrey businessmen: Francisco G. Sada, José A. Muguerza, Isaac Garza and José M. Schneider. Descendants of certain of the founders of Cuauhtémoc control our company.

In 1891, the first year of production, Cuauhtémoc produced 2,000 hectoliters of beer. Cuauhtémoc continued to expand through additions to existing plant capacity and through acquisitions of other Mexican breweries, and has continued to increase its production capacity, reaching approximately 33.7 million hectoliters in 2005.

The strategic integration of our company dates back to 1936 when our packaging operations were established to supply crown caps to the brewery. The packaging operations were expanded in 1957 when we began to produce labels and flexible packaging. During this period, these operations were part of what was known as the Monterrey Group, which also included interests in banking, steel and other packaging operations.

In 1974, the Monterrey Group was split between two branches of the descendants of the founding families of Cuauhtémoc. The steel and other packaging operations formed the basis for the creation of Corporación Siderúrgica, S.A. (later Grupo Industrial Alfa, S.A. de C.V.), controlled by the Garza Sada family, and the beverage and banking operations were consolidated under the FEMSA corporate umbrella, controlled by the Garza Lagüera family. FEMSA’s shares were first listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange on September 19, 1978. Between 1977 and 1981, FEMSA diversified its operations through acquisitions in the soft drinks and mineral water industries, the establishment of the first convenience stores under the trade name Oxxo and other investments in the hotel, construction, auto parts, food and fishing industries, which were considered non-core businesses and were subsequently divested.

In August 1982, the Mexican government suspended payment on its international debt obligations and nationalized the Mexican banking system. In 1985, certain controlling shareholders of FEMSA acquired a controlling interest in Cervecería Moctezuma, S.A., which was then Mexico’s third-largest brewery and which we refer to as Moctezuma, and related companies in the packaging industry. FEMSA subsequently undertook an extensive corporate and financial restructuring that was completed in December 1988.

 

17


Pursuant to the 1988 restructuring, FEMSA’s assets were combined under a single corporate entity, which became Grupo Industrial Emprex, S.A. de C.V., which we refer to as Emprex. The debt restructuring included a capital increase, capitalization of debt and a divestiture of interests in non-core businesses. As a result of these transactions, FEMSA’s interest in Emprex was diluted to 60%, only to increase subsequently to approximately 68% as a result of the exercise of certain option rights by FEMSA.

In August 1991, FEMSA repurchased approximately 30% of its shares from a dissident minority shareholder. In October 1991, certain majority shareholders of FEMSA acquired a controlling interest in Bancomer, S.A., which we refer to as Bancomer. The investment in Bancomer was undertaken as part of the Mexican government’s reprivatization of the banking system, which had been nationalized in 1982. The Bancomer acquisition was financed in part by a subscription by Emprex’s shareholders, including FEMSA, of shares in Grupo Financiero Bancomer, S.A. de C.V. (currently Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer, S.A. de C.V.), which we refer to as BBVA Bancomer, the Mexican financial services holding company that was formed to hold a controlling interest in Bancomer. In February 1992, FEMSA offered Emprex’s shareholders the opportunity to exchange the BBVA Bancomer shares to which they were entitled for Emprex shares owned by FEMSA. As a result, FEMSA’s interest in Emprex declined to approximately 62%. In connection with these transactions, an 11% interest in Emprex was issued to a European portfolio investor. This reduced FEMSA’s interest in Emprex to approximately 51%. In August 1996, the shares of BBVA Bancomer that were received by FEMSA in the exchange with Emprex’s shareholders were distributed as a dividend to FEMSA’s shareholders.

Upon the completion of these transactions, Emprex began a series of strategic transactions to strengthen the competitive positions of its operating subsidiaries. These transactions included the sale of a 30% strategic interest in Coca-Cola FEMSA to a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company and a subsequent public offering of Coca-Cola FEMSA shares, both of which occurred in 1993, and the sale of a 22% strategic interest in FEMSA Cerveza to Labatt Brewing Company Limited, which we refer to as Labatt, in 1994. Labatt, which was later acquired by InBev S.A., or InBev (known at the time of the acquisition of Labatt as Interbrew), subsequently increased its interest in FEMSA Cerveza to 30%.

In 1998, we completed a reorganization that:

 

    simplified our capital structure by converting our outstanding capital stock at the time of the reorganization into BD Units and B Units, and

 

    united the shareholders of FEMSA and the former shareholders of Emprex at the same corporate level through an exchange offer that was consummated on May 11, 1998.

As part of the reorganization, FEMSA listed ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange representing BD Units, and listed the BD Units and its B Units on the Mexican Stock Exchange. Prior to the completion of the exchange offer, FEMSA owned 51.04% of the shares of Emprex. Upon the completion of the exchange offer, FEMSA owned 98.70% of the outstanding shares of Emprex, which amount increased to 99.99% through a tender offer by FEMSA for the remaining Emprex shares.

In July 2002, as a result of the split-up or escisión of Emprex, Compañía Internacional de Bebidas, S.A. de C.V., which we refer to as CIBSA, was created as a new company to hold our interest in Coca-Cola FEMSA.

In May 2003, our subsidiary Coca-Cola FEMSA expanded its operations throughout Latin America by acquiring 100% of Panamco, then the largest soft drink bottler in Latin America in terms of sales volume in 2002. Through its acquisition of Panamco, Coca-Cola FEMSA began producing and distributing Coca-Cola trademark beverages in additional territories in Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil, along with bottled water, beer and other beverages in some of these territories. The total cost of the acquisition was Ps. 31,050 million and was financed with new debt, an equity contribution by FEMSA, an exchange of The Coca-Cola Company’s equity interests in Panamco and available cash. Shareholders of Panamco, other than The Coca-Cola Company and its subsidiaries, received cash in exchange for their shares. The Coca-Cola Company

 

18


and its subsidiaries received Series D Shares in exchange for their equity interest in Panamco of approximately 25%. As of May 31, 2006, FEMSA indirectly owns 45.7% of the capital stock of Coca-Cola FEMSA (53.6% of its capital stock with full voting rights) and The Coca-Cola Company indirectly owns 39.6% of the capital stock of Coca-Cola FEMSA (46.4% of its capital stock with full voting rights). The remaining 14.7% of its capital consists of Series L Shares with limited voting rights, which trade on the Mexican Stock Exchange and on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of ADSs under the trading symbol KOF.

On August 31, 2004, we consummated a series of transactions with InBev, Labatt and certain of their affiliates to terminate the existing arrangements between FEMSA Cerveza and Labatt. As a result of these transactions, FEMSA acquired 100% ownership of FEMSA Cerveza and previously existing arrangements among affiliates of FEMSA and InBev relating to governance, transfer of ownership and other matters with respect to FEMSA Cerveza were terminated. We paid InBev a total of US$ 1,245 million for its affiliates’ 30% interest in FEMSA Cerveza. Pursuant to agreements entered into on June 21, 2004, Heineken USA replaced Labatt USA LLC and Latrobe Brewing Company LLC, which we refer to collectively as Labatt USA, as the exclusive importer, marketer and distributor of FEMSA Cerveza’s beer brands in the United States starting on January 1, 2005. On June 1, 2005, we consummated an equity offering of 80.5 million BD Units (including BD Units in the form of ADSs) and 52.78 million B units that resulted in net proceeds to us of US$ 700 million after underwriting spreads and commissions. We used the proceeds of the equity offering to refinance indebtedness incurred in connection with the transactions with InBev, Labatt and certain of their affiliates.

On January 13, 2006, FEMSA Cerveza acquired 68% of the equity of the Brazilian brewer Kaiser from the Molson Coors Brewing Company, or Molson Coors. FEMSA Cerveza paid US$ 68 million to Molson Coors to acquire 68% of Kaiser at closing. Kaiser had existing financial debt of approximately US$ 60 million and certain contingent liabilities and claims. As part of the transaction to acquire Kaiser, FEMSA Cerveza has received certain indemnity provisions from Molson Coors. Molson Coors retained a 15% ownership stake in Kaiser, while Heineken’s previous ownership of 17% remained unchanged.

 

19


Ownership Structure

We conduct our business through our principal sub-holding companies as shown in the following diagram and table:

Principal Sub-holding Companies—Ownership Structure

As of May 31, 2006

LOGO


(1) Percentage of capital stock, equal to 53.6% of capital stock with full voting rights.

The following tables present an overview of our operations by reportable segment and by geographic region under Mexican GAAP:

Operations by Segment—Overview

Year Ended December 31, 2005(1)(2)

 

     Coca-Cola FEMSA     FEMSA Cerveza     FEMSA Comercio  
    

(in millions of constant Mexican pesos,

except for employees and percentages)

 

Total revenues

     Ps.50,198    47.5 %     Ps.27,573    26.1 %   Ps. 28,734    27.2 %

Income from operations

     8,683    55.7       5,353    34.3       1,259    8.1  

Total assets

     67,148    53.3       44,810    35.6       9,690    7.7  

Employees

     55,635    61.3 %     19,814    21.8 %     9,234    10.2 %

Total Revenues Summary by Segment(1)

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2005    2004    2003
     (in millions of constant Mexican pesos)

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   Ps. 50,198    Ps. 47,787    Ps. 39,062

FEMSA Cerveza

     27,573      25,802      24,956

FEMSA Comercio

     28,734      23,599      18,914

Other

     6,168      5,322      4,933
                    

Consolidated total revenues

   Ps. 105,582    Ps. 96,833    Ps. 82,496

 

20


Total Revenues Summary by Geographic Region(3)

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2005    2004    2003
     (in millions of constant Mexican pesos)

Mexico

   Ps. 86,606    Ps. 77,431    Ps. 69,402

Central America

     3,428      3,525      2,314

Colombia

     4,698      4,376      2,930

Venezuela

     4,946      4,683      2,827

Brazil

     5,819      5,195      3,041

Argentina

     2,798      2,615      2,242
                    

Consolidated total revenues

   Ps. 105,582    Ps. 96,833    Ps. 82,496

(1) The sum of the financial data for each of our segments and percentages with respect thereto differ from our consolidated financial information due to intercompany transactions, which are eliminated in consolidation, and certain assets and activities of FEMSA.
(2) Excludes our other business segment, which had total revenues of Ps. 6,168 million and income from operations of Ps. 386 million in 2005.
(3) The sum of the financial data for each geographic region differs from our consolidated financial information due to intercompany transactions, which are eliminated in consolidation.

Significant Subsidiaries

The following table sets forth our significant subsidiaries as of May 31, 2006:

 

Name of Company

   Jurisdiction of
Establishment
   Percentage
Owned
 

CIBSA

   Mexico    100.0 %

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   Mexico    45.7 (1)

Propimex, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    45.7  

Administración y Asesoría Integral, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    45.7  

Corporación Interamericana de Bebidas, S.A. de C.V. (Panamco)

   Mexico    45.7  

Panamco México, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    45.4  

Panamco Bajío, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    43.6  

Kristine Oversease, S.A. de C.V. (holding company of Brazilian operations)

   Mexico    38.0  

Emprex

   Mexico    100.0  

FEMSA Cerveza

   Mexico    100.0  

Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    100.0  

Cervezas Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    100.0  

FEMSA Comercio

   Mexico    100.0  

Cadena Comercial Oxxo, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    100.0  

Oxxo Express, S.A. de C.V.

   Mexico    100.0  

(1) Percentage of capital stock. FEMSA owns 53.6% of the capital stock with full voting rights.

Business Strategy

We are a beverage company. Our soft drink operation, Coca-Cola FEMSA, is currently the second largest bottler of Coca-Cola products in the world, measured in terms of sales volumes in 2005, and our brewing operation, FEMSA Cerveza, is both a significant competitor in the Mexican beer market as well as an exporter in key international markets including the United States. Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza are our core businesses, which together define our identity and represent the avenues for our future growth. Our beverage

 

21


businesses are enhanced by Oxxo, the largest convenience store chain in Mexico measured in terms of number of stores at December 31, 2005 and a significant growth driver in its own right.

As a beverage company, we understand the importance of connecting with our end consumers by interpreting their needs, and ultimately delivering the right products to them for the right occasions. We strive to achieve this by developing the value of our brands, expanding our significant distribution capabilities, including aligning our interests with those at our third-party distribution partners in the beer market in Mexico, which in some instances involve us acquiring these third-party partners, and improving the efficiency of our operations. We continue to improve our information gathering and processing systems in order to better know and understand what our consumers want and need, and we are improving our production and distribution by more efficiently leveraging our asset base.

We believe that the competencies that our businesses have developed can be replicated in other geographic regions. This underlying principle guided our consolidation efforts, which culminated in Coca-Cola FEMSA’s acquisition of Panamco on May 6, 2003. The continental platform that this new combination produces—encompassing a significant territorial expanse in Mexico and Central America, including some of the most populous metropolitan areas in Latin America—we believe may provide us with opportunities to create value through both an improved ability to execute our strategies and the use of superior marketing tools.

Our ultimate objectives are achieving sustainable revenue growth, improving profitability and increasing the return on invested capital in each of our operations. We believe that by achieving these goals we will create sustainable value for our shareholders.

Coca-Cola FEMSA

Overview and Background

Coca-Cola FEMSA is the largest bottler of Coca-Cola trademark beverages in Latin America, and the second largest in the world, calculated in each case by sales volume in 2005. It operates in the following territories:

 

    Mexico—a substantial portion of central Mexico (including Mexico City) and southeast Mexico (including the Gulf region).

 

    Central America—Guatemala (Guatemala City and surrounding areas), Nicaragua (nationwide), Costa Rica (nationwide) and Panama (nationwide).

 

    Colombia—most of the country.

 

    Venezuela—nationwide.

 

    Argentina—Buenos Aires and surrounding areas.

 

    Brazil—the area of greater São Paulo, Campinas, Santos, the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and part of the state of Goias.

 

22


The following is an overview of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s operations by geographical region in 2005:

Operations by Geographical Region—Overview

Year Ended December 31, 2005(1)

 

     Total
Revenues
   Percentage of
Total
Revenues
    Income
from
Operations
   Percentage of
Income from
Operations
 

Mexico

   Ps. 28,705    57.0 %   Ps. 6,122    70.5 %

Central America

     3,428    6.8       468    5.4  

Colombia

     4,698    9.3       532    6.1  

Venezuela

     4,946    9.8       233    2.7  

Argentina

     2,798    5.6       422    4.9  

Brazil

     5,819    11.5       906    10.4  

(1) Expressed in millions of constant Mexican pesos, except for percentage amounts. The sums of the financial data for each of its geographical regions and percentages with respect thereto differ from its consolidated financial information due to intercompany transactions, which are eliminated in consolidation, and certain non-operating activities, including corporate services.

In 1979, one of our subsidiaries acquired certain soft drink bottlers that are now a part of Coca-Cola FEMSA. At that time, the acquired bottlers had 13 Mexican distribution centers operating 701 distribution routes, and their production capacity was 83 million physical cases. In 1991, we transferred our ownership in the bottlers to FEMSA Refrescos, S.A. de C.V., the corporate predecessor of Coca-Cola FEMSA.

In June 1993, a subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company subscribed for 30% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s capital stock in the form of Series D Shares for US$ 195 million. In September 1993, we sold Series L Shares that represented 19% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s capital stock to the public, and Coca-Cola FEMSA listed these shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange and, in the form of ADSs, on the New York Stock Exchange.

In a series of transactions between 1994 and 1997, Coca-Cola FEMSA acquired the territory for Buenos Aires, Argentina from a subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola FEMSA expanded its Argentine operations in February 1996 by acquiring territories for the contiguous San Isidro and Pilar areas.

Coca-Cola FEMSA expanded its Mexican operations in November 1997 by acquiring a territory in the state of Chiapas in southern Mexico, after which it covered the entire state of Chiapas.

In May 2003, Coca-Cola FEMSA acquired all of Panamco and began producing and distributing Coca-Cola trademark beverages in additional territories in the central and the gulf regions of Mexico and in Central America (Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama), Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil, along with bottled water, beer and other beverages in some of these territories. The total cost of the transaction was approximately Ps. 42,807 million, including transaction expenses in the amount of Ps. 424 million. Coca-Cola FEMSA financed the acquisition as follows: Ps. 18,768 million of new debt, Ps. 9,875 million of assumed net debt, a Ps. 3,020 million capital investment from us, the issuance of its Series D Shares to subsidiaries of The Coca-Cola Company in exchange for a capital contribution of Ps. 7,654 million in the form of equity interests in Panamco and Ps. 3,066 million in cash.

During August 2004, Coca-Cola FEMSA conducted a rights offering to allow existing holders of its Series L Shares and ADSs to acquire newly-issued Series L Shares in the form of Series L Shares and ADSs, respectively. The purpose of the rights offering was to permit holders of Series L Shares, including in the form of ADSs, to subscribe on a proportionate basis at the same price per share at which we and The Coca-Cola Company subscribed in connection with the Panamco acquisition. The rights offering expired on September 1, 2004. On March 8, 2006,

 

23


Coca-Cola FEMSA’s shareholders approved the non-cancellation of the 98,684,857 Series L Shares (equivalent to approximately 9.87 million ADSs) that were not subscribed for in the rights offering. These shares are available for issuance in connection with future transactions and on terms and conditions determined by Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Board of Directors at an issuance price of no less than US$ 2.216 per share or its equivalent in Mexican currency.

As of March 31, 2006, we indirectly owned Series A Shares equal to 45.7% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s capital stock (53.6% of its capital stock with full voting rights). The Coca-Cola Company indirectly owned Series D Shares equal to 39.6% of the capital stock of Coca-Cola FEMSA (46.4% of its capital stock with full voting rights). Series L Shares with limited voting rights, which trade on the Mexican Stock Exchange and in the form of ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange, constitute the remaining 14.7% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s capital stock.

Business Strategy

Coca-Cola FEMSA is the largest bottler of Coca-Cola trademark beverages in Latin America in terms of total sales volume in 2005, with operations in Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and Argentina. While Coca-Cola FEMSA’s corporate headquarters are in Mexico City, it has established divisional headquarters in the following three regions:

 

    Mexico with divisional headquarters in Mexico City;

 

    Latin Centro (covering territories in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela) with divisional headquarters in San José, Costa Rica; and

 

    Mercosur (covering territories in Argentina and Brazil) with divisional headquarters in São Paulo, Brazil.

Coca-Cola FEMSA seeks to provide its shareholders with an attractive return on their investment by increasing its profitability. The key factors in achieving profitability are increasing its revenues by implementing multi-segmentation strategies in its major markets to target distinct market clusters divided by competitive intensity and socioeconomic levels, by well-planned product, packaging and pricing strategies through channel distribution and by improving operational efficiencies throughout Coca-Cola FEMSA. To achieve these goals Coca-Cola FEMSA continues its efforts in:

 

    working with The Coca-Cola Company to develop a business model to continue exploring new lines of beverages, extend existing products and participate in new beverage segments, such as the non-carbonated beverage portfolio;

 

    implementing packaging strategies designed to increase consumer demand for its products and to build a strong returnable base for the Coca-Cola brand in its acquired territories;

 

    replicating its successful best practices throughout the whole value chain;

 

    rationalizing and adapting its organizational and asset structure in order to be in a better position to respond to a changing competitive environment;

 

    strengthening its selling capabilities and selectively implementing its pre-sale system, in order to get closer to its clients and help them satisfy the beverage needs of consumers;

 

    integrating its operations through advanced information technology systems;

 

    evaluating its bottled water strategy, in conjunction with The Coca-Cola Company, to maximize its profitability across its market territories; and

 

    committing to building a strong collaborative team, from top to bottom.

Coca-Cola FEMSA seeks to increase per capita consumption of soft drinks in the territories in which it operates. To that end, its marketing teams continuously develop sales strategies tailored to the different

 

24


characteristics of its various territories and channels. Coca-Cola FEMSA continues to develop its product portfolio to better meet market demand and maintain its overall profitability. To stimulate and respond to consumer demand, Coca-Cola FEMSA continues to introduce new products and new presentations. See “—Product and Packaging Mix.” Coca-Cola FEMSA also seeks to increase placement of refrigeration equipment, including promotional displays, through the strategic placement of such equipment in retail outlets in order to showcase and promote its products. In addition, because it views its relationship with The Coca-Cola Company as integral to its business strategy, Coca-Cola FEMSA uses market information systems and strategies developed with The Coca-Cola Company to improve its coordination with the worldwide marketing efforts of The Coca-Cola Company. See “—Marketing—Channel Marketing.”

Coca-Cola FEMSA seeks to rationalize its manufacturing and distribution capacity to improve the efficiency of its operations. In 2003 and 2004, as part of the integration process from its acquisition of Panamco, Coca-Cola FEMSA closed several under-utilized manufacturing centers and shifted distribution activities to other existing facilities. Coca-Cola FEMSA closed additional distribution centers in 2005. See “—Production and Distribution Facilities.” In each of its facilities, Coca-Cola FEMSA seeks to increase productivity through infrastructure and process reengineering for improved asset utilization. Its capital expenditure program includes investments in production and distribution facilities, bottles, cases, coolers and information systems. Coca-Cola FEMSA believes that this program will allow it to maintain its capacity and flexibility to innovate and to respond to consumer demand for non-alcoholic beverages.

Finally, Coca-Cola FEMSA focuses on management quality as a key element of its growth strategies and remains committed to fostering the development of quality management at all levels. Both we and The Coca-Cola Company provide Coca-Cola FEMSA with managerial experience. To build upon these skills, Coca-Cola FEMSA also offers management training programs designed to enhance its executives’ abilities and exchange experiences, know-how and talent among an increasing number of multinational executives from its new and existing territories.

 

25


Markets

The following map shows the locations of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories, giving estimates in each case of the population to which it offers products, the number of retailers of its carbonated soft drinks and the per capita consumption of its carbonated soft drinks:

LOGO

Per capita consumption data for a territory is determined by dividing carbonated soft drink sales volume within the territory (in bottles, cans, and fountain containers) by the estimated population within such territory, and is expressed on the basis of the number of eight-ounce servings of products consumed annually per capita. In evaluating the development of local volume sales in their territories, Coca-Cola FEMSA and The Coca-Cola Company measure, among other factors, the per capita consumption of carbonated soft-drinks.

 

26


Products

Coca-Cola FEMSA produces, markets and distributes Coca-Cola trademark beverages, proprietary brands and brands licensed from third parties. The Coca-Cola trademark beverages include colas, flavored soft drinks, water and beverages in other categories such as juice drinks and isotonics. The following table sets forth Coca-Cola FEMSA’s main brands as of March 31, 2006:

 

     Mexico   

Central

America

   Colombia    Venezuela    Brazil    Argentina

Colas:

                 

Coca-Cola

   ü    ü    ü    ü    ü    ü

Coca-Cola light

   ü    ü    ü    ü    ü    ü
     Mexico   

Central

America

   Colombia    Venezuela    Brazil    Argentina

Flavored Soft Drinks:

                 

Chinotto

            ü      

Crush

      ü    ü          ü

Fanta

   ü    ü    ü       ü    ü

Fresca

   ü    ü            

Frescolita

      ü       ü      

Grapette

            ü      

Hit

            ü      

Kuat

               ü   

Lift

   ü    ü    ü         

Mundet(1)

   ü               

Premio(2)

         ü         

Quatro

   ü       ü    ü       ü

Senzao

   ü               

Simba

               ü   

Sprite

   ü    ü    ü       ü    ü

Taí

               ü    ü
     Mexico    Central
America
   Colombia    Venezuela    Brazil    Argentina

Water:

                 

Ciel

   ü               

Club K(2)

         ü         

Crystal(2)

               ü   

Dasani

      ü    ü          ü

Manantial

         ü         

Nevada

            ü      

Santa Clara(2)

         ü         
     Mexico    Central
America
   Colombia    Venezuela    Brazil    Argentina

Other Categories:

                 

Powerade(3)

   ü    ü    ü    ü      

Sunfil(4)

      ü       ü      

(1) Brand licensed from FEMSA.
(2) Proprietary brand.
(3) Isotonic.
(4) Juice drink.

 

27


Sales Overview

Coca-Cola FEMSA measures total sales volume in terms of unit cases. Unit case refers to 192 ounces of finished beverage product (24 eight-ounce servings) and, when applied to fountain syrup, powders and concentrate, refers to the volume of fountain syrup, powders and concentrate that is required to produce 192 ounces of finished beverage product. The following table illustrates Coca-Cola FEMSA’s historical sales volume for each of its territories and includes the acquired territories only from May 2003.

 

    

Sales Volume

Year Ended December 31,

     2005    2004    2003
     (millions of unit cases)

Mexico

   1,025.0    989.9    850.1

Central America

   109.4    110.6    72.9

Colombia

   179.7    167.1    114.1

Venezuela

   172.5    172.7    110.1

Argentina

   150.1    144.3    126.6

Brazil

   252.5    227.5    142.5
              

Combined Volume

   1,889.2    1,812.1    1,416.3

Product and Packaging Mix

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s most important brand is Coca-Cola and its line extensions, Coca-Cola light, Coca-Cola with lime and Coca-Cola light with lime, which together accounted for 62.1% of total sales volume in 2005. Ciel, Fanta, Sprite, Lift and Fresca, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s next largest brands in consecutive order, accounted for 10.8%, 5.7%, 3.1%, 2.5% and 1.8%, respectively, of total sales volume in 2005. Coca-Cola FEMSA uses the term line extensions to refer to the different flavors in which it offers its brands. Coca-Cola FEMSA produces, markets and distributes Coca-Cola trademark beverages in each of its territories in containers authorized by The Coca-Cola Company, which consist of a variety of returnable and non-returnable presentations in the form of glass bottles, cans and plastic bottles made of polyethylene terephtalate, which Coca-Cola FEMSA refers to as PET.

Coca-Cola FEMSA uses the term presentation to refer to the packaging unit in which it sells its products. Presentation sizes for Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Coca-Cola trademark beverages range from a 4-ounce personal size to a 20-liter multiple serving size. Coca-Cola FEMSA considers multiple serving size as equal to or larger than 1.0 liter. In general, personal sizes have a higher price per unit case as compared to multiple serving sizes. Coca-Cola FEMSA offers both returnable and non-returnable presentations, which allow it to offer different combinations of convenience and price to implement revenue management strategies and to target specific distribution channels and population segments in its territories. In addition, Coca-Cola FEMSA sells some Coca-Cola trademark beverage syrups in containers designed for soda fountain use, which it refers to as fountain. Coca-Cola FEMSA also sells bottled water products in jug sizes, which refers to sizes larger than 17 liters, that have a much lower price per unit than its other beverage products.

In addition to Coca-Cola trademark beverages, Coca-Cola FEMSA produces, markets and distributes certain other proprietary brands and beverages licensed from third parties other than The Coca-Cola Company in a variety of presentations.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s core brands are principally the Coca-Cola trademark beverages. It sells certain of these brands or their line extensions at a premium in some of its territories, in which it refers to them as premium brands. Coca-Cola FEMSA also sells certain other brands at a lower price per ounce, which it refers to as value protection brands.

The characteristics of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories are very diverse. Central Mexico is densely populated and has a large number of competing carbonated soft drink brands and higher per capita income as compared to the rest of its territories. Brazil and Argentina are densely populated but have lower per capita consumption of

 

28


carbonated soft drink products as compared to Mexico, particularly in Brazil. Portions of Central America and Colombia are large and mountainous areas with lower population density, lower per capita income and lower per capita consumption of soft drink products. In Venezuela, per capita consumption of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s products has been affected by periodic operating disruptions. In recent years, per capita income has been negatively affected by macroeconomic conditions in most of the countries where Coca-Cola FEMSA operates.

The following discussion analyzes Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product and packaging mix by segment. The volume data presented is for the years 2005, 2004 and 2003, which includes the acquired territories for the first four months of 2003 prior to the acquisition of Panamco. Coca-Cola FEMSA acquired these territories on May 6, 2003. Coca-Cola FEMSA has presented above under “Sales Overview” its actual sales volumes by territory for the three years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, which include the acquired territories solely for eight months of 2003.

Mexico

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product portfolio consists of Coca-Cola trademark beverages, and since 2001 has included the Mundet trademark beverages. In 2005, as part of its efforts to revitalize the Coca-Cola brand, Coca-Cola FEMSA launched Coca-Cola with lime (Citra) and Coca-Cola light with lime (Citra light), both line extensions of the Coca-Cola brand. Coca-Cola FEMSA also introduced a portfolio of no calorie versions of the majority of its core flavor brands under the Spacio Leve commercial strategy. It also launched the non-carbonated beverages Ciel Aquarius, a flavored no calorie water, and juice-based products under the Minute Maid brand. Carbonated soft drink per capita consumption of its products in its Mexican territories in 2005 was 389 eight-ounce servings.

The following table highlights historical sales volume and mix in Mexico for Coca-Cola FEMSA’s products:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2005     2004     2003  
     (millions of unit cases)  

Product Sales Volume

  

Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages

   991.7     969.2     985.4  

Other Beverages

   33.3     20.7     16.2  
                  

Total

   1,025.0     989.9     1,001.6  
                  

% Growth

   3.5 %   (1.2 )%   2.2 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Unit Case Volume Mix by Category

      

Total Carbonated Soft Drinks

   79.3 %   80.4 %   78.5 %

Water(1)

   19.7     19.1     20.9  

Other Categories

   1.0     0.5     0.6  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Product Mix by Presentation

      

Returnable

   26.6 %   28.4 %   27.9 %

Non-returnable

   57.2     55.9     54.9  

Fountain

   1.2     1.3     1.3  

Jug

   15.0     14.4     15.9  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  

(1) Includes jug volume.

 

29


Coca-Cola FEMSA’s most popular soft drink presentations were the 2.5-liter returnable plastic bottle, the 0.6-liter non-returnable plastic bottle and the 2.5-liter non-returnable plastic bottle, which together accounted for almost 70% of total carbonated soft drink sales volume in Mexico in 2005. Since 2003, Coca-Cola FEMSA has introduced a number of new presentations in Mexico. These include 2.5-liter returnable plastic bottles, 1.25-liter returnable glass bottles, 1.5-liter non-returnable plastic bottles, 8 and 10.5-ounce cans, 0.45-liter non-returnable plastic bottles, 0.71-liter non-returnable plastic bottles and 4-ounce non-returnable glass bottles. Coca-Cola FEMSA relaunched its 2.0-liter non-returnable plastic bottle to fill competitive and consumer needs.

Multiple serving presentations are an important component of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product mix. In 2005, multiple serving presentations represented 61.1% of total carbonated soft drink sales volume in Mexico, remaining almost flat as compared to 2004. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s commercial strategies seek to maintain the packaging mix between single and multiple serving presentations.

In the past, the packaging trend in the soft drink industry in Mexico had moved toward non-returnable presentations. However, in 2004, due to the entrance of low price brands in multiple serving size presentations, Coca-Cola FEMSA refocused its packaging mix strategy to reinforce its sales of multiple serving size returnable packages. As a result, carbonated soft drink non-returnable presentations remained almost flat as a percentage of total sales volume in Mexico in 2004. In 2005, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s carbonated soft drink non-returnable presentations increased as a percentage of its total sales volume from 66.8% in 2004 to 68.7% in 2005, due to a more favorable economic environment in the country and a wider offering of non-returnable presentations. Returnable plastic and glass presentations offer consumers a more affordable, although less convenient, product. Coca-Cola FEMSA believes returnable packages present an opportunity for it to attract new customers and maintain customer loyalty, because they make Coca-Cola trademark beverages more attractive to price-sensitive consumers. The price of a 2.5-liter returnable package is more than 20% lower than a non-returnable package of the same size. These returnable products are mainly sold to small store retailers, which represent the largest distribution channel in the Mexican market, and benefit from returnable bottles’ lower price per ounce, which allows them to compete with larger supermarkets. Coca-Cola FEMSA believes that its continued commitment to returnable bottle availability will allow it to compete with low-price entrants to the Mexican soft drink market.

Total sales volume reached 1,025.0 million unit cases in 2005, an increase of 3.5% compared to 989.9 million unit cases in 2004. Carbonated soft drink sales volume grew 2.5%, which together with the 31.6% increase in jug water sales volume, accounted for over 80% of the incremental volumes during the year. Carbonated soft drink volume growth was mainly driven by strong growth from the Coca-Cola brand.

Central America

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product sales in Central America consist predominantly of Coca-Cola trademark beverages. Carbonated soft drink per capita consumption in Central America of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s products was 131 eight-ounce servings in 2005.

 

30


The following table highlights historical total sales volume and sales volume mix in Central America:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2005     2004     2003  
     (millions of unit cases)  

Product Sales Volume

  

Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages

   101.7     102.9     99.6  

Other Beverages

   7.7     7.7     7.7  
                  

Total

   109.4     110.6     107.3  
                  

% Growth

   (1.1 )%   3.1 %   7.2 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Unit Case Volume Mix by Category

  

Total Carbonated Soft Drinks

   93.6 %   94.3 %   94.1 %

Water

   4.3     4.1     4.2  

Other Categories

   2.1     1.6     1.7  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Product Mix by Presentation

  

Returnable bottles

   41.9 %   48.3 %   51.8 %

Non-returnable bottles

   54.4     47.2     42.9  

Fountain

   3.7     4.5     5.3  

Jug

   —       —       —    
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  

In Central America, Coca-Cola FEMSA sells the majority of its sales volume through small retailers. In 2005, multiple serving presentations represented 48.8% of total carbonated soft drink sales volume in Central America compared with 50.1% in 2004. Beginning in 2004, Coca-Cola FEMSA faced greater competition as a result of the entrance of low price brands in the Central American region. Coca-Cola FEMSA also reinforced its packaging portfolio offering for the Coca-Cola brand with the introduction of 1.5-liter and 2.5-liter non-returnable plastic bottles and a more affordable 2.5-liter returnable plastic bottle. Coca-Cola FEMSA also complemented its product portfolio with the introduction of Frescolita, a value protection brand in 2.5-liter, 1.5-liter and 0.6 liter non-returnable plastic bottles.

Total sales volume was 109.4 million unit cases in 2005, declining 1.1% compared to 110.6 million in 2004. The volume decline was driven by lower carbonated soft drink volumes as a result of a tougher competitive environment in the region.

Colombia

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product portfolio in Colombia consists of Coca-Cola trademark beverages and certain products sold under proprietary trademarks and the Kola Román brand, which it licenses from a third party. Carbonated soft drink per capita consumption of its products in Colombia during 2005 was 85 eight-ounce servings.

 

31


The following table highlights historical total sales volume and sales volume mix in Colombia:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2005     2004     2003  
     (millions of unit cases)  

Product Sales Volume

  

Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages

   168.0     152.7     133.5  

Other Beverages

   11.7     14.4     38.3  
                  

Total

   179.7     167.1     171.8  
                  

% Growth

   7.5 %   (2.7 )%   (7.1 )%
                  
     (in percentages)  

Unit Case Volume Mix by Category

  

Total Carbonated Soft Drinks

   87.9 %   86.4 %   84.7 %

Water(1)

   12.0     13.2     15.1  

Other Categories

   0.1     0.4     0.2  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Product Mix by Presentation

  

Returnable

   46.2 %   50.7 %   53.4 %

Non-returnable

   44.5     39.6     36.8  

Fountain

   3.3     3.3     3.0  

Jug

   6.0     6.4     6.8  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  

(1) Includes jug volume.

The Colombian market is characterized by lower per capita consumption and relatively lower levels of non-returnable presentations compared with the rest of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories. In 2005, multiple serving presentations represented 47.2% of total carbonated soft drink sales volume in Colombia. At the beginning of 2005, Coca-Cola FEMSA launched Crush Multiflavors to enhance its competitive position, foster demand for flavored carbonated soft drink brands and leverage its extended distribution and improved execution capabilities countrywide.

Total sales volume was 179.7 million unit cases in 2005, an increase of 7.5% compared to 167.1 million in 2004, driven by an increase in carbonated soft drink volumes. The volume increase was mainly a result of incremental volumes in the Crush brand and volume increases in the Coca-Cola brand.

Venezuela

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product portfolio in Venezuela consists predominantly of Coca-Cola trademark beverages. Carbonated soft drink per capita consumption of its products in Venezuela during 2005 was 135 eight-ounce servings.

 

32


The following table highlights historical total sales volume and sales volume mix in Venezuela:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2005     2004     2003  
     (millions of unit cases)  

Product Sales Volume

  

Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages

   169.4     169.5     148.6  

Other Beverages

   3.1     3.2     3.0  
                  

Total

   172.5     172.7     151.6  
                  

% Growth

   (0.1 )%   13.9 %   (6.9 )%
                  
     (in percentages)  

Unit Case Volume Mix by Category

  

Total Carbonated Soft Drinks

   86.6 %   86.3 %   86.2 %

Water(1)

   8.7     8.2     8.2  

Other Categories

   4.7     5.5     5.6  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Product Mix by Presentation

  

Returnable

   24.7 %   30.1 %   36.4 %

Non-returnable

   69.0     63.4     57.6  

Fountain

   3.2     3.0     2.7  

Jug

   3.1     3.5     3.3  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  

(1) Includes jug volume.

During 2005, despite increasing demand for carbonated soft drinks in the marketplace, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s sales volume remained almost flat due to periodic operating difficulties that prevented it from producing and distributing enough supply.

Total sales volume totaled 172.5 million unit cases in 2005, remaining almost flat compared to 172.7 million in 2004. The slight volume increase in carbonated soft drink and water sales volume was completely offset by a decline in its non-carbonated beverage segment.

Argentina

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product portfolio in Argentina consists exclusively of Coca-Cola trademark beverages. Carbonated soft drink per capita consumption of its products in Argentina during 2005 was 316 eight-ounce servings.

 

33


The following table highlights historical total sales volume and sales volume mix in Argentina:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2005     2004     2003  
     (millions of unit cases)  

Product Sales Volume

  

Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages

   150.1     144.3     126.6  

Other Beverages

   —       —       —    
                  

Total

   150.1     144.3     126.6  
                  

% Growth

   4.0 %   14.0 %   9.5 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Unit Case Volume Mix by Category

  

Total Carbonated Soft Drinks

   97.3 %   98.6 %   98.8 %

Water

   1.7     0.8     0.9  

Other Categories

   1.0     0.6     0.3  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Product Mix by Presentation

  

Returnable

   25.9 %   26.9 %   24.5 %

Non-returnable

   70.7     69.6     71.8  

Fountain

   3.4     3.5     3.7  

Jug

   —       —       —    
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  

During 2005, Coca-Cola FEMSA experienced a packaging shift mix towards non-returnable presentations. Returnable packaging accounted for 25.9% of total sales volume in Argentina in 2005 as compared to 26.9% in 2004. Coca-Cola FEMSA continues to be focused on bolstering its non-carbonated categories through its juice drinks Cepita, Carioca and Montefiore.

Total sales volume reached 150.1 million unit cases in 2005, an increase of 4.0% compared with 144.3 million in 2004. In 2005, core brands generated approximately 73% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s incremental volume growth and premium brands accounted for most of the balance, which more than offset volume decline in its value protection brands. In Argentina, premium brands consist of diet carbonated soft drinks and Schweppes. The majority of the volume growth came from Coca-Cola FEMSA’s non-returnable presentations, including the 1.5 and 2.25-liter non-returnable plastic bottles for its core brands, representing almost 68% of the sales volume increase. In 2005, multiple serving presentations represented 82.6% of carbonated soft drinks total sales volume as compared to 83.1% in 2004.

Brazil

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product portfolio in Brazil consists mainly of Coca-Cola trademark beverages. Carbonated soft drink per capita consumption of its products in Brazil during 2005 was 187 eight-ounce servings.

 

34


The following table highlights historical total sales volume and sales volume mix in Brazil:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2005     2004     2003  
     (millions of unit cases)  

Product Sales Volume

      

Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages

   235.1     214.6     206.1  

Other Beverages

   17.4     12.9     10.9  
                  

Total

   252.5     227.5     217.0  
                  

% Growth

   11.0 %   4.8 %   (15.7 )%
                  
     (in percentages)  

Unit Case Volume Mix by Category

      

Total Carbonated Soft Drinks

   92.1 %   93.4 %   94.2 %

Water

   7.0     5.8     5.1  

Other Categories

   0.9     0.8     0.7  
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  
     (in percentages)  

Product Mix by Presentation

      

Returnable

   8.0 %   5.3 %   4.9 %

Non-returnable

   88.5     90.9     90.5  

Fountain

   3.5     3.8     4.6  

Jug

   —       —       —    
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  

During 2005, Coca-Cola FEMSA continued to diversify its packaging mix from 2.0-liter non-returnable packages and cans, which together accounted for over 60% of carbonated soft drink sales volume in 2005, a decrease from 69% in 2004, to a wider array of returnable and non-returnable presentations, including 3.0-liter, 2.5-liter, 2.25-liter and 1.5-liter non-returnable plastic bottles and 1.0-liter returnable glass bottles.

Total sales volume was 252.5 million unit cases in 2005, an increase of 11.0% compared to 227.5 million in 2004. This increase included 9.5% carbonated soft drink volume growth during the year. The majority of the volume growth came from multiple serving presentations, including the 1.5-liter, 2.0-liter and 2.25-liter non-returnable plastic bottles and the 1.0-liter returnable glass bottle, which together represented 60.5% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s carbonated soft drinks total sales volume. The volume increase was a result of volume growth across all Coca-Cola FEMSA’s beverage categories, including strong volume growth from the Coca-Cola brand in both returnable and non-returnable presentations and its water brand Crystal as a result of increased focus on both brands.

Coca-Cola FEMSA distributes the Kaiser brands of beer in its territories in Brazil. In January 2006, FEMSA Cerveza acquired an indirect controlling stake in Kaiser. Coca-Cola FEMSA has subsequently agreed to continue to distribute the Kaiser beer portfolio and to assume the sales function in São Paulo, Brazil, consistent with the arrangements in place prior to 2004. Beginning with the second quarter of 2005, Coca-Cola FEMSA ceased including beer that it distributes in Brazil in its sales volumes. Coca-Cola FEMSA has reclassified prior periods presented in this report for comparability purposes.

Seasonality

Sales of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s products are seasonal, as its sales levels generally increase during the summer months of each country and during the Christmas holiday season. In Mexico, Central America, Colombia and

 

35


Venezuela, Coca-Cola FEMSA typically achieves its highest sales during the summer months of April through September as well as during the Christmas holidays in December. In Argentina and Brazil, its highest sales levels occur during the summer months of October through March and the Christmas holidays in December.

Marketing

Coca-Cola FEMSA, in conjunction with The Coca-Cola Company, has developed a sophisticated marketing strategy to promote the sale and consumption of its products. Coca-Cola FEMSA relies extensively on advertising, sales promotions and non-price related retailer incentive programs designed by local affiliates of The Coca-Cola Company to target the particular preferences of its soft drink consumers. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s marketing expenses in 2005, net of contributions by The Coca-Cola Company, were Ps. 1,484 million. The Coca-Cola Company contributed Ps. 952 million in 2005. Through the use of advanced information technology, Coca-Cola FEMSA has collected customer and consumer information that allows it to tailor its marketing strategies to the types of customers located in each of its territories and to meet the specific needs of the various market segments it serves. Coca-Cola FEMSA continues to roll out its information technology system in its acquired territories.

Retailer Incentive Programs

Incentive programs include providing retailers with commercial coolers for the display and cooling of soft drink products and for point-of-sale display materials. Coca-Cola FEMSA seeks, in particular, to increase distribution coolers among retailers to increase the visibility and consumption of its products and to ensure that they are sold at the proper temperature. Sales promotions include sponsorship of community activities, sporting, cultural and social events, and consumer sales promotions such as contests, sweepstakes and product giveaways.

Advertising

Coca-Cola FEMSA advertises in all major communications media. Coca-Cola FEMSA focuses its advertising efforts on increasing brand recognition by consumers and improving its customer relations. National advertising campaigns are designed and proposed by The Coca-Cola Company’s local affiliates, with Coca-Cola FEMSA’s input at the local or regional level.

Channel Marketing

In order to provide more dynamic and specialized marketing of its products, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s strategy is to segment its market and develop targeted efforts for each segment or distribution channel. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s principal channels are small retailers, “on-premise” consumption such as restaurants and bars, supermarkets and third party distributors. Presence in these channels entails a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the purchasing patterns and preferences of various groups of soft drink consumers in each of the different types of locations or distribution channels. In response to this analysis, Coca-Cola FEMSA tailors its product, price, packaging and distribution strategies to meet the particular needs of and exploit the potential of each channel.

Coca-Cola FEMSA believes that the implementation of its channel marketing strategy also enables it to respond to competitive initiatives with channel-specific responses as opposed to market-wide responses. This focused response capability isolates the effects of competitive pressure in a specific channel, thereby avoiding costlier market-wide responses. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s channel marketing activities are facilitated by its management information systems. Coca-Cola FEMSA has invested significantly in creating these systems, including in hand-held computers to support the gathering of product, consumer and delivery information, for most of its sales routes in Mexico and Argentina and selectively in other territories.

Multi-segmentation

Coca-Cola FEMSA has been implementing a multi-segmentation strategy in its major markets, including Mexico, Brazil and Argentina. This strategy consists of the implementation of different product/price/package

 

36


portfolios by market cluster or group. These clusters are defined based on competitive intensity and socio-economic levels, rather than solely the types of distribution channels. Coca-Cola FEMSA has developed a market intelligence system that it refers to as the right-execution-daily system (RED), which has allowed it to implement this strategy. This system provides the data required to target specific consumer segments and channels and allows Coca-Cola FEMSA to collect and analyze the data required to tailor its product, package, price and distribution strategies to fit different consumer needs.

Product Distribution

The following table provides an overview of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s product distribution centers and the retailers to which it sells its products:

Product Distribution Summary

As of December 31, 2005

 

     Mexico    Central
America
   Colombia    Venezuela    Brazil    Argentina

Distribution Centers

   106    35    37    33    12    5

Retailers (in thousands)(1)

   585.2    134.3    368.7    228.9    115.6    79.6

(1) Estimated.

Coca-Cola FEMSA uses two main sales methods depending on market and geographic conditions: (1) the traditional or conventional truck route system, in which the person in charge of the delivery makes immediate sales from inventory available on the truck and (2) the pre-sale system, which separates the sales and delivery functions and allows sales personnel to sell products prior to delivery and trucks to be loaded with the mix of products that retailers have previously ordered, thereby increasing distribution efficiency. As part of the pre-sale system, sales personnel also provide merchandising services during retailer visits, which Coca-Cola FEMSA believes enhance the presentation of its products at the point of sale. In certain areas, Coca-Cola FEMSA also makes sales through third party wholesalers of its products. The vast majority of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s sales are on a cash basis.

Coca-Cola FEMSA believes that service visits to retailers and frequency of deliveries are essential elements in an effective selling and distribution system for its products. Accordingly, Coca-Cola FEMSA has continued to expand its pre-sale system throughout its operations, except in areas where it believes consumption patterns do not warrant pre-sale.

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s distribution centers range from large warehousing facilities and re-loading centers to small deposit centers. In addition to its fleet of trucks, Coca-Cola FEMSA distributes its products in certain locations through a fleet of electric carts and hand-trucks in order to comply with local environmental and traffic regulations. Coca-Cola FEMSA generally retains third parties to transport its finished products from the bottler plants to the distribution centers.

Mexico

Coca-Cola FEMSA contracts with one of our subsidiaries for the transportation of finished products to its distribution centers from its Mexican production facilities. From the distribution centers, Coca-Cola FEMSA then distributes its finished products to retailers through its own fleet of trucks.

In Mexico, Coca-Cola FEMSA sells a majority of its beverages at small retail stores to customers who take the beverages home or elsewhere for consumption. Coca-Cola FEMSA also sells products through the “on-premise” segment, supermarkets and others. The “on-premise” segment consists of sales through sidewalk stands, restaurants, bars and various types of dispensing machines as well as sales through point-of-sale programs in concert halls, auditoriums and theaters.

 

37


Central America

In Central America, Coca-Cola FEMSA distributes its finished products to retailers through a combination of its own fleet of trucks and third party distributors. At the end of 2005, it operated 35 distribution centers in its Central American territories. In its Central American operations, as in most of its territories, an important part of its total sales volume is through small retailers, and Coca-Cola FEMSA has low supermarket penetration.

Colombia

More than 56% of total sales volume in Colombia in 2005 was sold through the pre-sale system. The balance is sold through the traditional system. Coca-Cola FEMSA distributes its finished products to retailers through a combination of its own fleet of trucks and third party distributors. During 2005, Coca-Cola FEMSA closed four distribution facilities in Colombia.

Venezuela

In Venezuela, close to 72% of total sales volume in 2005 was through the pre-sale system. Coca-Cola FEMSA distributes its finished products to retailers through a combination of its own fleet of trucks and third party distributors. During 2005, Coca-Cola FEMSA closed one distribution facility in Venezuela. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Venezuelan operations distribute a significant part of their total sales through small retailers and supermarkets, which in most of their operations have a less significant presence.

Argentina

As of December 31, 2005, Coca-Cola FEMSA operated five distribution centers in Argentina. Coca-Cola FEMSA distributes its finished products to retailers through a combination of its own fleet of trucks and third party distributors.

In 2005, Coca-Cola FEMSA sold the majority of its products in the take-home segment, which consists of sales to consumers who take the beverages home or elsewhere for consumption. The percentage of total sales volume through supermarkets decreased from 15.4% in 2004 to 14.3% in 2005.

Brazil

In Brazil, almost 100% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s direct sales volume was through the pre-sale system, although the delivery of its finished products to customers is by a third party. At the end of 2005, Coca-Cola FEMSA operated 12 distribution facilities in its Brazilian territories. In contrast with the rest of its territories, which have low supermarket penetration, in Brazil Coca-Cola FEMSA sold more than 20% of its total sales volume through supermarkets in 2005. In addition, in designated zones, third-party distributors purchase Coca-Cola FEMSA’s products at a discount from the wholesale price and resell the products to retailers.

Competition

Although Coca-Cola FEMSA believes that its products enjoy wider recognition and greater consumer loyalty than those of its principal competitors, the soft drink segments in the territories in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates are highly competitive. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s principal competitors are local bottlers of Pepsi and other bottlers and distributors of national and regional soft drink brands. Coca-Cola FEMSA faces increased competition in many of its territories from producers of low price beverages, commonly referred to as “B brands.” Competitive pressures in the territories acquired in the Panamco acquisition are different than those Coca-Cola FEMSA has historically faced. For example, a number of its competitors in Central America and Brazil offer both soft drinks and beer, which may enable them to achieve distribution efficiencies.

Recently, price discounting and packaging have joined consumer sales promotions, customer service and non-price retailer incentives as the primary means of competition among soft drink bottlers. Coca-Cola FEMSA

 

38


competes by seeking to offer products at an attractive price in the different segments in its markets and by building on the value of its brands. Coca-Cola FEMSA believes that the introduction of new products and new presentations has been a significant competitive technique that allows it to increase demand for its products, provide different options to consumers and increase new consumption opportunities. See “—Sales Overview.”

Mexico

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s principal competitors in Mexico are bottlers of Pepsi products, whose territories overlap but are not co-extensive with its own. These competitors include Pepsi Gemex, S.A. de C.V. in central Mexico, a subsidiary of PBG, the largest bottler of Pepsi products globally, and several other Pepsi bottlers in central and southeast Mexico. In addition, Coca-Cola FEMSA competes with Cadbury Schweppes and with other national and regional brands in its Mexican segment. Coca-Cola FEMSA continues to face competition from low price producers offering multiple serving size presentations in the soft drink industry.

Central America

In the countries that comprise its Central America segment, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s main competitors are Pepsi bottlers. In Guatemala and Nicaragua, Coca-Cola FEMSA competes against a joint venture between AmBev and The Central American Bottler Corporation; in Costa Rica, its principal competitor is Embotelladora Centroamericana, S.A.; and in Panama, its main competitor is Refrescos Nacionales, S.A. During 2005, Coca-Cola FEMSA continued to face an increase in competition from low price producers offering multiple serving size presentations in some Central American countries.

Colombia

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s principal competitor in Colombia is Postobón S.A., which we refer to as Postobón, a well-established local bottler that sells flavored soft drinks, some of which have a wide consumption preference, such as cream soda, which is the second most popular category in the Colombian soft drink industry in terms of total sales volume, and that also sells Pepsi products. Postobón is a vertically integrated producer, the owners of which hold other significant commercial interests in Colombia.

Venezuela

In Venezuela, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s main competitor is Pepsi-Cola Venezuela, C.A., a joint venture formed between Pepsico and Empresas Polar, S.A., the leading beer distributor in the country. Coca-Cola FEMSA also competes with the producers of Kola Real in part of the country.

Argentina

In Argentina, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s main competitor is BAESA, a Pepsi bottler, which is owned by Argentina’s principal brewery, Quilmes Industrial S.A., and indirectly controlled by AmBev. In addition to BAESA, competition has intensified over the last several years with the entrance of a number of competitors offering generic, low priced soft drinks as well as many other generic products and private label proprietary supermarket brands.

Brazil

In Brazil, Coca-Cola FEMSA competes against AmBev, a Brazilian company with a portfolio of brands that includes Pepsi, local brands with flavors such as guaraná and proprietary beers. It also competes against “B brands” or “Tubainas,” which are small, local producers of low cost flavored soft drinks in multiple serving presentations that represent an important portion of the soft drink market.

 

39


Taxation of Soft Drinks

All of the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates impose a value-added tax on the sale of soft drinks, with a rate of 15% in Mexico, 12% in Guatemala, 15% in Nicaragua, 13% in Costa Rica, 5% in Panama, 16% in Colombia, 14% in Venezuela, 18% (São Paulo) and 17% (Mato Grosso do Sul) in Brazil and 21% in Argentina. In addition, several of the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates impose the following excise or other taxes:

 

    Mexico imposes a 20% excise tax on carbonated soft drinks produced with non-sugar sweeteners. See “Item 8—Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Coca-Cola FEMSA.”

 

    Guatemala imposes an excise tax of 0.18 cents in local currency (Ps. 0.25 as of December 31, 2005) per liter of soft drink.

 

    Costa Rica imposes a specific tax on non-alcoholic bottled beverages based on the combination of packaging and flavor, a 5% excise tax on local brands, a 10% tax on foreign brands and a 14% tax on mixers.

 

    Panama imposes a 5% tax based on the cost of goods produced.

 

    Argentina imposes an excise tax on colas and on flavored soft drinks containing less than 5% lemon juice or less than 10% fruit juice of 8.7%, and an excise tax on flavored soft drinks with 10% or more fruit juice and on mineral water of 4.2%.

 

    Brazil imposes an average production tax of 16.5% and an average sales tax of 4.6% in the territories where Coca-Cola FEMSA operates.

Price Controls

At present, there are no price controls on Coca-Cola FEMSA’s products in any of its segments. In Mexico, prior to 1992, prices of carbonated soft drinks were regulated by the Mexican government. From 1992 to 1995, the industry was subject to voluntary price restraints. In response to the devaluation of the Mexican peso relative to the U.S. dollar in 1994 and 1995, however, the Mexican government adopted an economic recovery plan to control inflationary pressures in 1995. As part of this plan, the Mexican government encouraged the Asociación Nacional de Productores de Refrescos y Aguas Carbonatadas, A.C. (the National Association of Bottlers) to engage in voluntary consultations with the Mexican government with respect to price increases for returnable presentations. These voluntary consultations were terminated in 1996. In the last 10 years, the governments in Colombia, Brazil and Venezuela have also imposed formal price controls on soft drinks. The imposition of price controls in the future may limit Coca-Cola FEMSA’s ability to set prices and adversely affect its results of operations.

Raw Materials

Pursuant to the bottler agreements with The Coca-Cola Company, Coca-Cola FEMSA is required to purchase concentrate, including aspartame, an artificial sweetener used in diet sodas, for all Coca-Cola trademark beverages from companies designated by The Coca-Cola Company. The price of concentrate for all Coca-Cola trademark beverages is a percentage of the average price Coca-Cola FEMSA charges to its retailers net of applicable taxes. Although The Coca-Cola Company has the right to unilaterally set the price of concentrates, in practice this percentage has historically been set pursuant to periodic negotiations with The Coca-Cola Company. In most cases, concentrate is purchased in the local currency of the territory.

In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company informed Coca-Cola FEMSA that it will gradually increase concentrate prices for carbonated soft drinks over a three year period in Mexico beginning in 2007 and in Brazil beginning in 2006. Based on its internal estimates for revenues and sales volume mix, Coca-Cola FEMSA currently expects the incremental annual cost in Mexico to be approximately US$ 20 million in 2007, increasing gradually by a

 

40


similar amount during the following two years, and to reach approximately US$ 60 million by the end of 2009. In Brazil, the increase will affect all carbonated soft-drink presentations. Based on its estimates, it currently expects its annual costs in Brazil to rise by approximately US$ 1.0 million in 2006, increasing gradually by a similar amount the following two years, and to reach approximately US$ 3.8 million by the end of 2008. Coca-Cola FEMSA has informed The Coca-Cola Company that in order to offset the impact on its profitability that such concentrate prices represent, it intends to reduce its contribution to marketing expenditures of its soft drink brands in Mexico and Brazil, effective the same dates as the cost increases.

In addition to concentrate, Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases sweeteners, carbon dioxide, resin and ingots to make plastic bottles, finished plastic and glass bottles, cans, closures and fountain containers, as well as other packaging materials. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s bottler agreements provide that, with respect to Coca-Cola trademark beverages, these materials may be purchased only from suppliers approved by The Coca-Cola Company. Prices for packaging materials historically are determined with reference to the U.S. dollar, although the local currency equivalent in a particular country is subject to price volatility in accordance with changes in exchange rates. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s most significant packaging raw material costs arise from the purchase of resin, plastic ingots to make plastic bottles and finished plastic bottles, which it obtains from international and local producers. The prices of these materials are tied to crude oil prices, and Coca-Cola FEMSA has recently experienced volatility in the prices it pays for these materials. In Mexico, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s average price for resin increased by more than 25% in U.S. dollars in 2005. Resin prices may continue to increase in the future.

Under its agreements with The Coca-Cola Company, Coca-Cola FEMSA may use raw or refined sugar or high fructose corn syrup as sweeteners in its products. Sugar prices in all of the countries in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates, other than Brazil, are subject to local regulations and other barriers to market entry that cause it to pay in excess of international market prices for sugar. Coca-Cola FEMSA has experienced sugar price volatility in these territories as a result of changes in local conditions and regulations.

None of the materials or supplies that Coca-Cola FEMSA uses is presently in short supply, although the supply of specific materials could be adversely affected by strikes, weather conditions, governmental controls or national emergency situations.

Mexico

Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases its returnable plastic bottles from Continental PET Technologies de México, S.A. de C.V, a subsidiary of Continental Can, Inc., which has been the exclusive supplier of returnable plastic bottles to The Coca-Cola Company and its bottlers in Mexico. Coca-Cola FEMSA also purchases resin from Arteva Specialties, S. de R.L. de C.V. and Industrias Voridian, S.A. de C.V., which ALPLA Fábrica de Plásticos, S.A. de C.V. manufactures into non-returnable plastic bottles for Coca-Cola FEMSA.

Sweeteners are combined with water to produce basic syrup, which is added to the concentrate as the sweetener for the soft drink. Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases sugar from Promotora Mexicana de Embotelladoras, S.A. de C.V., known as PROMESA, a cooperative of Coca-Cola bottlers. These purchases are regularly made under one-year agreements between PROMESA and each bottler subsidiary for the sale of sugar at a price that is determined monthly based on the cost of sugar to PROMESA. Coca-Cola FEMSA also purchases sugar from Beta San Miguel, S.A. de C.V., a sugar cane producer in which it holds a 2.54% equity interest.

In December 2001, the Mexican government expropriated the majority of the sugar mills in Mexico. To manage this industry, the Mexican government entered into a trust agreement with Nacional Financiera, S.N.C., which we refer to as Nafin, a Mexican government-owned development bank, pursuant to which Nafin acts as trustee. In addition, the Mexican government imposed a 20% excise tax, effective January 1, 2002, on carbonated soft drinks sweetened with high fructose corn syrup. As a result, Coca-Cola FEMSA converted its Mexican bottler facilities to sugar cane-based production in early 2002. On January 1, 2003, the Mexican government broadened the reach of this tax by imposing a 20% excise tax on carbonated soft drinks produced with non-sugar

 

41


sweetener. The effect of these excise taxes was to limit Coca-Cola FEMSA’s ability to substitute other sweeteners for sugar. Coca-Cola FEMSA has initiated proceedings in Mexican federal court against this excise tax that have allowed it to cease paying the tax in 2005 and as of March 31, 2006. Coca-Cola FEMSA is also resuming the use of high fructose corn syrup as a sweetener. See “Item 8—Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Coca-Cola FEMSA—Mexico.”

Imported sugar is also presently subject to import duties, the amount of which is set by the Mexican government. As a result, sugar prices in Mexico are in excess of international market prices for sugar. Sugar prices stabilized in 2005 after significant increases in 2004.

Central America

The majority of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s raw materials such as glass and plastic bottles and cans are purchased from several local suppliers. Sugar is available from one supplier in each country. Local sugar prices are significantly higher than international market prices, and Coca-Cola FEMSA’s ability to import sugar or high fructose corn syrup is limited.

Colombia

Coca-Cola FEMSA uses sugar as a sweetener in its products, which it buys from several domestic sources. Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases pre-formed ingots from Amcor and Tapón Corona de Colombia S.A., in which Coca-Cola FEMSA had a 40% equity interest until June 2005. Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases all its glass bottles and cans from suppliers, in which its competitor Postobón owns a 40% equity interest. Other suppliers exist for glass bottles, however, cans are available only from this one source.

Venezuela

Coca-Cola FEMSA uses sugar as a sweetener in its products, of which it purchases the majority from the local market. Since 2003, Coca-Cola FEMSA has experienced a sugar shortage due to lower domestic production and the inability of the main sugar importers to obtain permissions to import. However, Coca-Cola FEMSA was able to meet its sugar requirements through one-time imports. Coca-Cola FEMSA only buys glass bottles from one supplier, Productos de Vidrio, S.A., a local supplier, but there are other alternative suppliers authorized by The Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola FEMSA has several supplier options for plastic non-returnable bottles but it acquires most of its requirements from ALPLA de Venezuela, S.A. One exclusive supplier handles all of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s can requirements.

Argentina

In Argentina, Coca-Cola FEMSA uses high fructose corn syrup from several different local suppliers as sweetener in its products instead of sugar. Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases glass bottles, plastic cases and other raw materials from several domestic sources. Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases pre-formed plastic ingots, as well as returnable plastic bottles, at competitive prices from Embotelladora del Atlántico S.A., a local subsidiary of Embotelladora Andina S.A., a Coca-Cola bottler with operations in Argentina, Chile and Brazil, and other international suppliers. Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases crown caps and plastic closures from local and international suppliers. Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases its can presentations and juice-based products for distribution to customers in Buenos Aires from CICAN S.A., in which it owns a 48.1% equity interest.

Brazil

Sugar is widely available in Brazil at internal market prices, which historically have been lower than international prices. Coca-Cola FEMSA expects sugar prices to increase in 2006. Coca-Cola FEMSA purchases glass bottles, plastic bottles and cans from several domestic and international suppliers.

 

42


FEMSA Cerveza

Overview and Background

FEMSA Cerveza is one of the two leading beer producers in Mexico measured in terms of sales volume. In 2005, FEMSA Cerveza sold 27.018 million hectoliters of beer. In 2005, FEMSA Cerveza was ranked the fifteenth-largest brewer in the world in terms of sales volume based on third party estimates. FEMSA Cerveza exports its products to more than 70 countries worldwide, with North America being its most important export market, followed by certain markets in Europe, Latin America and Asia. FEMSA Cerveza’s principal operating subsidiaries are Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma, S.A. de C.V., which operates six breweries, and Cervezas Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma, S.A. de C.V., which operates our company-owned distribution centers.

On August 31, 2004, we consummated a series of transactions with InBev, Labatt and certain of their affiliates to terminate the joint venture arrangements between FEMSA Cerveza and Labatt that we originally entered into in 1994. In connection with these transactions, we paid InBev a total of US$ 1,245 million, acquired the 30% of FEMSA Cerveza not previously owned by us and unwound the Labatt USA joint venture as well as the related U.S. distribution agreement, which was terminated effective December 31, 2004. As of January 1, 2005, our beers are distributed in the U.S. exclusively by Heineken USA.

Recent Development—Kaiser Acquisition

On January 13, 2006, FEMSA Cerveza acquired 68% of the equity of the Brazilian brewer Kaiser from Molson Coors. FEMSA Cerveza paid US$68 million to Molson Coors to acquire 68% of Kaiser. At closing, Kaiser had financial debt of approximately US$60 million and certain contingent liabilities and claims. As part of the transaction to acquire Kaiser, FEMSA Cerveza has received certain indemnity provisions from Molson Coors. Molson Coors retained a 15% ownership stake in Kaiser, while Heineken’s previous ownership of 17% remained unchanged.

Following the acquisition, FEMSA is entitled to elect five of the seven members of Kaiser’s Board of Directors and to exercise full management control over Kaiser. Molson Coors and Heineken are each entitled to elect one director. In addition, Molson Coors is entitled to require FEMSA Cerveza to acquire its stake in Kaiser at a price based on the greater of FEMSA Cerveza’s acquisition value plus a carrying cost or fair market value until January 2009 and at fair market value thereafter. Subject to certain conditions, FEMSA Cerveza has a call right over Molson Coors’ shares at fair market value at any time beginning January 2013. In addition, the shareholders agree to engage in the Brazilian beer business exclusively through Kaiser so long as they continue to be shareholders, except as otherwise agreed.

As of December 31, 2005, Kaiser operated 8 breweries in Brazil with an aggregate installed capacity of 20 million hectoliters. Kaiser produces 15 brands of beer in as many as 55 different presentations. The most important brands in Kaiser’s portfolio include Kaiser Pilsen and Bavaria. Kaiser reported sales volumes of 8.6 million hectoliters for the year ended December 31, 2005.

The information contained in this annual report with respect to FEMSA Cerveza does not include Kaiser.

Business Strategy

FEMSA Cerveza’s objective is to produce, market, distribute and sell quality beer products, expanding its penetration in the Mexican market as well as in other markets—particularly the United States and Brazil. FEMSA Cerveza seeks to achieve profitable volume growth, thereby generating economic value for its shareholders.

In order to achieve its objectives in the Mexican market, FEMSA Cerveza seeks to:

 

    implement advanced brand, packaging and price information gathering techniques at the point-of-sale to allow FEMSA Cerveza to fine tune its portfolio of brands and pricing at the level of individual retailers;

 

43


    innovate through a differentiated brand portfolio and increase the value of its brands by tailoring its portfolio of brands based on the attributes of each brand to specific markets using marketing techniques such as market segmentation, brand positioning and distinctive advertising campaigns;

 

    establish profitable, long-term relationships with retailers by implementing client-specific strategies to help increase their sales and profitability, such as modifying commercial terms with retailers, promotions and types of refrigeration equipment and point-of-sale marketing materials;

 

    achieve balanced and profitable retail distribution levels by selecting the appropriate mix of on- and off-premise accounts, and a balance of image-focused accounts (like upscale restaurants) and volume-driven accounts (like beer depots); and

 

    pursue additional efficiencies and cost reductions on a continuing basis from production to final distribution, by pursuing specific cost reduction efforts, using information technology and improving business processes.

Product Overview

As of December 31, 2005, FEMSA Cerveza produced and/or distributed 15 brands of beer in 11 different presentations resulting in a portfolio of 70 different product offerings. The most important brands in FEMSA Cerveza’s domestic portfolio include: Tecate, Sol, Carta Blanca, Superior and Indio. These five brands, all of which are distributed nationwide in Mexico, accounted for approximately 94% of FEMSA Cerveza’s domestic beer sales volume in 2005.

Per capita information, product segments, relative prices and packaging information with respect to FEMSA Cerveza have been computed and are based upon our statistics and assumptions.

The Mexican Beer Market

The Mexican beer market was the eighth largest beer market in the world in terms of industry sales volume in 2005 and was characterized by (1) concentrated domestic beer production, (2) regional market share differences, (3) the prevalence of government licensing regulations and (4) favorable demographics in the beer drinking population.

Concentrated domestic beer production

Since 1985, Mexico has effectively had only two independent domestic beer producers, FEMSA Cerveza and Grupo Modelo. Grupo Modelo, a publicly traded company based in Mexico City, is the holding company of 76.8% of Diblo, S.A. de C.V., which operates the brewing and packaging subsidiaries of Grupo Modelo. Grupo Modelo’s principal beer brands are Corona, Modelo, Victoria and Pacífico. Grupo Modelo’s Corona, Modelo and Victoria brands are distributed nationwide in Mexico, while Pacífico is sold principally along the pacific coastal regions. Modelo Especial, Modelo Light and Pacífico are Grupo Modelo’s domestic can presentations.

Historically, beer imports have not been a significant factor in the Mexican beer market, because they were subject to tariffs of up to 20%. Under NAFTA, the tariff on imported beer from the United States and Canada was gradually reduced and eventually eliminated in January 2001. Notwithstanding the reduction in tariff levels, imported beers accounted for approximately 2.0% of the total Mexican beer market in terms of sales volume during 2005. FEMSA Cerveza believes that tariff elimination has had a limited effect on the Mexican beer market because imported beers are largely premium and super-premium products sold in aluminum cans, which are a more expensive means of packaging in Mexico than beer sold in returnable bottles. However, periods of relative strength of the Mexican peso with respect to the U.S. dollar may lower the price of imported beer to consumers and may result in increased demand for imported beer in the Mexican market.

 

44


Regional market share differences

FEMSA Cerveza and Grupo Modelo are both strongest in beer markets in separate regions of Mexico. FEMSA Cerveza has a stronger market position in the northern and southern areas of Mexico while Grupo Modelo has a stronger market position in central Mexico. We believe that these regional market positions can be traced in part to consumer loyalty to the brand of beer that has historically been associated with a particular region. For example, FEMSA Cerveza’s Carta Blanca brand was first produced in Monterrey, Nuevo León in 1891. The strong regional identity in Monterrey and surrounding northeastern areas is reflected in the region’s preference for Carta Blanca and other FEMSA Cerveza brands.

We also believe that regional market strength is a function of the proximity of the breweries to the markets they serve. Transportation costs restrict the most efficient distribution of beer to a geographic area of approximately 300 to 500 kilometers surrounding a brewery. Generally, FEMSA Cerveza commands a majority of the beer sales in regions that are nearest to its largest breweries. FEMSA Cerveza’s largest breweries are in Orizaba, Veracruz and in Monterrey, Nuevo León. Grupo Modelo’s largest breweries are located in Mexico City, Oaxaca and Zacatecas.

The northern region of Mexico has traditionally enjoyed a higher per capita income level, attributable in part to its rapid industrialization within the last 50 years and to its commercial proximity to the United States. In addition, FEMSA Cerveza believes that per capita beer consumption is also greater in this region due to its warmer climate and a more ingrained beer culture.

Mexican Regional Demographic Statistics

 

Region

  

Percent of
2005

Total
Population

    Percent of Total
2005 Gross
Domestic
Product
    Per Capita
2005 Gross
Domestic
Product
                 (in thousands
of Mexican
pesos)

Northern

   26.4 %   33.1 %   Ps. 93.2

Southern

   22.7     14.9       48.8

Central

   50.9     52.0       76.0
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   Ps. 74.4
                  

Source: FEMSA Cerveza estimates based on figures published by the Mexican Institute of Statistics (INEGI) and CAPEM Oxford Economics Forecasting.

Government regulation

The Mexican federal government regulates beer consumption in Mexico primarily through taxation while local governments in Mexico regulate primarily through the issuance of licenses that authorize retailers to sell alcoholic beverages.

Federal taxes on beer consisted of a 25% excise tax and a 15% value-added tax, which together represented 43.75% of the total pre-tax price of beer to retailers. In 2005, the excise tax was amended for the first time since January 1998. Effective January 1, 2006, the excise tax will be the higher of (1) 25% and (2) Ps. 3 per liter for non-returnable presentation or Ps. 1.74 for returnable presentations, as part of an environmental initiative by the Mexican governmental to encourage returnable presentations. The tax component of retail beer prices is significantly higher in Mexico than in the United States.

The number of retail outlets authorized to sell beer is controlled by local jurisdictions, which issue licenses authorizing the sale of alcoholic beverages. Other regulations regarding beer consumption in Mexico vary

 

45


according to local jurisdiction and include limitations on the hours during which restaurants, bars and other retail outlets are allowed to sell beer and other alcoholic beverages. FEMSA Cerveza has been engaged in addressing these limitations at various levels, including efforts with governmental and civil authorities to promote better education for the responsible consumption of beer. For instance, as part of its ongoing community activities, FEMSA Cerveza has been an active sponsor of a nationwide designated driver program in Mexico.

Since July 1984, Mexican federal regulation has required that all forms of beer packaging carry a warning advising that excessive consumption of beer is hazardous to one’s health. In addition, the Ley General de Salud (the General Health Law), requires that all beers sold in Mexico maintain a sanitation registration with the Secretaría de Salud (the Ministry of Health).

Demographics of beer drinking population

We estimate that annual per capita beer consumption for the total Mexican population reached approximately 55 liters in 2005. The legal drinking age is 18 in Mexico. We consider the population segment of men between the ages of 18 and 45 to be FEMSA Cerveza’s primary market. At least 39% of the Mexican population is under the age of 18 and, therefore, is not considered to be part of the beer drinking population.

Based on historical trends and what management perceives as the continued social acceptance of beer consumption, FEMSA Cerveza believes that general population growth will result in an increase in the number of beer consumers in Mexico. Based on historical trends as measured by the Mexican Institute of Statistics, we expect the Mexican population to grow at an average annual rate of approximately 1.2% per year over the period from 2006 to 2010. We estimate that over the next 10 years approximately in excess of 1.6 million additional people per year will become potential beer consumers due to the natural aging of the Mexican population.

In 2005, estimated annual per capita beer consumption was approximately 55 liters in Mexico, as compared to approximately 80 liters in the United States. Generally speaking, countries with higher per capita beer consumption have relatively higher per capita income. In 2005, per capita income in Mexico was equivalent to approximately US$ 6,828, compared to a per capita income of approximately US$ 41,856 in the United States. FEMSA Cerveza identifies approximately 66% of its consumers as blue collar, 24% as white collar and the remaining 10% as students, unemployed, retirees or other.

Macroeconomic influences affecting beer consumption

We believe that consumption activity in the Mexican beer market is heavily influenced by the general level of economic activity in Mexico, the country’s gross wage base, changes in real disposable income and employment levels. As a result, the beer industry reacts sharply to economic change. The industry generally experiences high volume growth in periods of economic strength and slower volume growth or volume contraction in periods of economic weakness. Domestic beer sales declined in 1982, 1983 and 1995. These sales decreases correspond to periods in which the Mexican economy experienced severe disruptions. Similarly, the economic slowdown observed in 2001 and 2002 corresponded to a reduction in domestic beer sales in 2002. In 2003, given the effect of a continued economic slowdown on consumers, FEMSA Cerveza decided not to increase prices. The reduction in prices in real terms (after giving effect to inflation) was the main driver for increasing sales volumes during 2003. In 2004, growth in Mexico’s gross domestic product was the main driver for increasing beer sales volume, despite price increases in nominal terms in the Mexican beer industry. In 2005, beer sales volume growth outpaced growth in Mexico’s gross domestic product.

Mexican Beer Prices

After more than 18 months without a price increase, FEMSA Cerveza increased prices in Mexico during the first quarter of 2004. The effect of these price increases was partially offset by promotional activity that reduced the price of beer, due to a strong competitive environment. During 2005, FEMSA Cerveza increased prices in

 

46


Mexico in line with inflation. In the first quarter of 2006, FEMSA Cerveza increased prices in Mexico by brand, presentation and point of sale, resulting in an average price increase of 3.5% in nominal Mexican peso terms.

According to the Bank of Mexico’s consumer beer price index, for the Mexican beer industry as a whole, average consumer beer prices increased 1.0% in nominal terms, which amounted to a 3.0% decrease in real terms after considering Mexican inflation for the year. The following table shows relative real average retail prices since 2001 for the Mexican beer industry:

Mexican Beer Industry

Cumulative Real Consumer Beer Price Index: 2001-2005

(2001 = 100%)

 

Year Ended December 31,

2005

   2004    2003    2002    2001

91.8

   94.7    96.7    100.4    100.0
 
  Source: Bank of México

FEMSA Cerveza’s Beer Sales Volume

FEMSA Cerveza volume figures contained in this annual report refer to invoiced sales volume of beer. Invoiced sales volume represents the quantity of hectoliters of beer sold by FEMSA Cerveza’s breweries to unaffiliated distributors and by affiliated distributors to retailers. The term hectoliter means 100 liters or approximately 26.4 U.S. gallons.

FEMSA Cerveza’s total beer sales volume totaled 27.018 million hectoliters in 2005, an increase of 5.2% from total sales volume of 25.682 million hectoliters in 2004. In 2005, FEMSA Cerveza’s domestic beer sales volume increased by 4.9% to 24.580 million hectoliters and export beer sales volume increased by 8.8% to 2.438 million hectoliters.

FEMSA Cerveza Total Beer Sales Volumes

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2005    2004    2003    2002    2001
     (in thousands of hectoliters)

Domestic beer sales volume

   24,580    23,442    22,582    21,856    22,018

Export beer sales volume

   2,438    2,240    1,982    1,955    1,843
                        

Total beer sales volume

   27,018    25,682    24,564    23,811    23,861
                        

FEMSA Cerveza’s domestic beer sales volume recorded a compounded average growth rate of 2.8% for the period 2001 through 2005. This compares with the 2.3% compounded average growth rate of the Mexican gross domestic product for the same period. Domestic beer sales for the same period recorded a 2.4% compounded average growth rate. FEMSA Cerveza’s export sales volume recorded a compound average growth rate of 7.2% for the same period, while the compound average growth rate for export sales was 16.8%.

 

47


FEMSA Cerveza’s Beer Presentations

FEMSA Cerveza produces and distributes beer in returnable glass bottles and kegs and in non-returnable aluminum cans and glass bottles. FEMSA Cerveza uses the term presentation to reflect these packaging options. The following table shows the percent of total beer sales volume by presentation for the year ended December 31, 2005:

FEMSA Cerveza’s Total Beer Volume by Presentation

Year Ended December 31, 2005

 

Presentation

   Percentage  

Returnable bottles

   60.4 %

Non-returnable bottles

   10.0  

Cans

   27.9  

Kegs

   1.7  
      

Total

   100.0 %
      

Returnable presentations

The most popular form of packaging in the Mexican beer market is the returnable bottle. FEMSA Cerveza believes that the popularity of the returnable bottle is attributable to its lower price to the consumer. While returnable bottles generally cost approximately twice as much to produce as non-returnable bottles, returnable bottles may be reused an average of 30 times before being recycled. As a result, beer producers are able to charge lower prices for beer in returnable bottles. Because non-returnable presentations are the most expensive, we believe that demand for these presentations is highly sensitive to economic factors. During periods when the Mexican economy is weak, returnable sales volume generally increase at a faster rate relative to non-returnable sales volume.

Non-returnable presentations

FEMSA Cerveza’s presentation mix in Mexico has been growing in non-returnable presentations in the last few years, as we tailor our offering to consumer preferences and provide different convenient alternatives. The vast majority of export sales are in non-returnable presentations.

Relative Pricing in the Mexican Market

Returnable bottles and kegs are the least expensive beer presentation on a per-milliliter basis. Cans and non-returnable bottles have historically been priced higher than returnable bottles. In 2005, the weighted average of this difference was between 25% and 30% higher price per-milliliter for non-returnable presentations. The consumer preference for presentations in cans has varied considerably over the past 20 years, rising in periods of economic prosperity and declining in periods of economic austerity, reflecting the price differential between these forms of packaging.

Exports

FEMSA Cerveza’s principal export market is the United States and its export strategy focuses on that country. In particular, FEMSA Cerveza concentrates efforts on its core markets located in the sun-belt states bordering Mexico, while seeking to develop its brands in key imported beer markets located in the eastern United States. FEMSA Cerveza believes that these two regions of the United States represent its greatest potential market outside of Mexico.

 

48


Prior to January 1, 2005, Labatt USA was the importer of FEMSA Cerveza’s brands in the United States. On June 21, 2004, FEMSA Cerveza and two of its subsidiaries entered into distributor and sublicense agreements with Heineken USA. In accordance with these agreements, on January 1, 2005, Heineken USA became the exclusive importer, marketer and seller of FEMSA Cerveza’s brands in the United States. These agreements will expire on December 31, 2007.

Export beer sales volume of 2.438 million hectoliters in 2005 represented 9.0% of FEMSA Cerveza’s total beer sales volume and accounted for 10.2% of FEMSA Cerveza’s total beer sales. The following table highlights FEMSA Cerveza’s export beer sales volumes and export beer sales:

FEMSA Cerveza Export Summary

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2005     2004     2003     2002     2001  

Export beer sales volume(1)

   2,438     2,240     1,982     1,955     1,843  

Volume growth(2)

   8.8 %   13.0 %   1.4 %   6.1 %   6.6 %

Percent of total beer sales volumes

   9.0 %   8.7 %   8.1 %   8.2 %   7.7 %

Export beer sales:

          

Mexican pesos(3) (millions)

   2,515     1,860     1,609     1,441     1,352  

U.S. dollars(4) (millions)

   227     156     133     127     123  

Revenue growth (US$)(2)

   45.8 %   16.7 %   4.6 %   3.7 %   7.3 %

Percent of total beer sales

   10.2 %   8.1 %   7.2 %   6.5 %   6.3 %

Source: FEMSA Cerveza.

(1) Thousands of hectoliters.
(2) Percentage change over prior year.
(3) Constant Mexican pesos at December 31, 2005.
(4) Export beer sales are invoiced and collected in U.S. dollars.

FEMSA Cerveza currently exports its products to more than 70 countries. The principal export markets for FEMSA Cerveza are North America, Europe, Latin America and Asia. In 2005, export beer sales volume to these regions accounted for 91.4%, 3.7%, 3.3% and 1.6%, respectively, of FEMSA Cerveza’s export beer sales volume.

FEMSA Cerveza’s principal export brands are Tecate, XX Lager, Dos Equis (Amber) and Sol. These brands collectively accounted for 93% of FEMSA Cerveza’s export sales volume for the year ended December 31, 2005.

FEMSA Cerveza’s Principal Export Brands

Year Ended December 31, 2005

 

Brand

   Percent of
Export
Volume
 

Tecate

   58.3 %

XX Lager and Dos Equis

   23.5  

Sol

   11.6  

Carta Blanca

   4.8  

Bohemia

   1.8  
      

Total

   100.0 %
      

 

49


Seasonality

Demand for FEMSA Cerveza’s beer is highest in the Mexican summer season, and consequently, brewery utilization rates are at their highest during this period. Demand for FEMSA Cerveza’s products also tends to increase in the month of December, reflecting consumption during the holiday season. Demand for FEMSA Cerveza’s products decreases during the months of November, January and February primarily as a result of colder weather in the northern regions of Mexico.

Primary Distribution

FEMSA Cerveza’s primary distribution in Mexico is from its production facilities to its distribution centers’ warehouses. FEMSA Cerveza delivers to a combination of company-owned and third party distributors. In an effort to improve the efficiency and alignment of the distribution network, FEMSA Cerveza has adjusted its relationship with independent distributors by implementing franchise agreements and as a result, has achieved economies of scale through integration with FEMSA Cerveza’s operating systems. FEMSA Cerveza has also increased the number of company-owned distributors by acquiring third party distributors in recent years. In 2005, approximately 77% of FEMSA Cerveza’s domestic beer sales volume passed through 232 company-owned distribution centers. The remaining 23% was sold through 75 independent distributors, most of them operating under franchise agreements with FEMSA Cerveza. A franchise agreement is offered only to those distributors that meet certain standards of operating capabilities, performance and alignment. FEMSA Cerveza has historically and intends to continue in the future to acquire those distributors that do not meet these standards. Through this initiative FEMSA Cerveza will continue to seek to increase its domestic beer sales volume through company-owned distribution centers.

In addition to distributing its own brands, on June 22, 2004, FEMSA Cerveza’s brewing subsidiary and Coors Brewing Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which FEMSA Cerveza’s subsidiary was appointed the exclusive importer, distributor, marketer and seller of Coors Light beer in Mexico.

Retail Distribution

The main sales outlets for beer in Mexico are small, independently-owned “mom and pop” grocery stores, dedicated beer stores or “depósitos,” liquor stores and bars. Supermarkets account for only a small percentage of beer sales in Mexico. In addition, FEMSA Comercio operates a chain of more than 4,141 convenience stores under the trade name Oxxo that exclusively sell FEMSA Cerveza’s brands.

Distribution of FEMSA Cerveza Domestic Beer Sales Volume by Outlet

Year Ended December 31, 2005

 

Points of Sale

   Percentage  

Small grocery stores

   21.8 %

Beer and liquor stores

   28.8  

Mini-markets and convenience stores

   19.0  

Other points of sale

   7.0  
      

Subtotal

   76.6  
      

Consumption Centers

   Percentage  

Bars

   10.2 %

Restaurants

   3.9  

Nightclubs

   2.4  

Other consumption centers

   6.9  
      

Subtotal

   23.4  
      

Total

   100.0 %
      

 

50


The Mexican retail market is fragmented and characterized by a preponderance of small outlets that are unable and unwilling to maintain meaningful inventory levels. Consequently, FEMSA Cerveza must make frequent product deliveries to its retailers. In recent years, FEMSA Cerveza has implemented the pre-sale process of distribution in its markets to improve its distribution practices. The pre-sale process is a distribution method in which the sales and delivery functions are separated and trucks are loaded with the actual mix of products that retailers have previously ordered. One of the primary objectives of pre-sale is to separate sales from distribution to ensure more reliable market access and to enhance efficiency by reducing the number of secondary distribution routes in otherwise highly fragmented markets. Where pre-sale has been implemented, we have experienced a significant reduction in unsold product and a net reduction in distribution personnel. The existence of the pre-sale process facilitates systematic product delivery and helps discipline product inventory at the point-of-sale. Furthermore, pre-sale has enabled FEMSA Cerveza to collect customer and consumer information directly from the marketplace, which then becomes valuable in defining brand portfolios by channel. See “—Marketing Strategy.”

During 2004, FEMSA Cerveza completed the implementation of the pre-sale process in its company-owned distribution centers, which as of December 31, 2005 represented 86% of the beer sales volume of FEMSA Cerveza’s company-owned distribution centers. As of December 31, 2005, FEMSA Cerveza serves more than 310,000 retailers and its distribution network operates approximately 2,044 retail distribution routes. This is slightly lower than the number of routes in operation in 2004 (without considering 87 routes acquired from third party distributors during 2005), and reflects the reconfiguration in distribution logistics as a result of the implementation of pre-sale in many key markets.

Enterprise Resource Planning

FEMSA Cerveza operates an Enterprise Resource Planning system, or ERP, that provides an information and control platform to support commercial activities nationwide and correlate them with the administrative and business development decision-making process occurring in FEMSA Cerveza’s central office. By June of 2006, the domestic beer sales volume of all of FEMSA Cerveza’s company-owned distribution centers is expected to be operating through ERP as well as some of its most important third party distributors.

Marketing Strategy

FEMSA Cerveza focuses on the consumer by segmenting its markets and positioning its brands accordingly, striving to develop brand and presentation portfolios that provide the best alternatives for every consumption occasion, within every market segment and at the appropriate price points. By segmenting its markets, we refer to the technique whereby we target a particular group of consumers with specific characteristics, such as a geographic region or age group. Continuous market research provides feedback that is used to evolve and adapt our product offerings to best satisfy our consumers’ needs. We are increasingly focused on micro-segmentation, where we use our market research and our information technology systems to target smaller market segments, including in some cases the individual point-of-sale.

FEMSA Cerveza also focuses on the retailer by designing and implementing channel marketing at the point-of-sale such as promotional programs, providing merchandising materials and, where appropriate, refrigeration equipment. A channel refers to a point-of-sale category, or sub-category, such as supermarkets, beer depots, restaurants, etc. Furthermore, we are always attempting to develop new channels in order to capture incremental consumption opportunities for our brands.

In order to coordinate the brand and channel strategies, we are developing and implementing integrated marketing programs, which aim to improve brand value through the simultaneous use of mass media advertising and targeted marketing efforts at the point-of-sale as well as event sponsorships. Our marketing program for a particular brand seeks to emphasize in a consistent manner the distinctive attributes of that brand.

 

51


Plants and Facilities

FEMSA Cerveza currently operates six breweries in Mexico with an aggregate monthly production capacity of 2,808 thousand hectoliters, equivalent to approximately 33.7 million hectoliters of annual capacity. Each of FEMSA Cerveza’s Mexican breweries has received ISO 9002 certification and a Clean Industry Certification (Industria Limpia) given by Mexican environmental authorities. A key consideration in the selection of a site for a brewery is its proximity to potential markets, as the cost of transportation is a critical component of the overall cost of beer to the consumer. FEMSA Cerveza’s Mexican breweries are strategically located across the country, as shown in the table below, to better serve FEMSA Cerveza’s distribution system.

LOGO

FEMSA Cerveza Facility Capacity Summary

Year Ended December 31, 2005

 

Brewery

   Average
Annualized
Capacity
 
     (in thousands
of hectoliters)
 

Orizaba

   7,200  

Monterrey

   7,800  

Toluca

   5,400  

Navojoa

   5,400  

Tecate

   4,680  

Guadalajara

   3,216  
      

Total

   33,696  
      

Average capacity utilization

   78.0 %

 

52


Between 2001 and 2005, FEMSA Cerveza increased its average monthly production capacity by approximately 190,000 hectoliters through additional investments in existing facilities. During 2004, FEMSA Cerveza expanded average monthly capacity in the Navojoa brewery to achieve a production capacity of 450,000 hectoliters. FEMSA Cerveza’s management believes that it will be able to continue to adequately expand its production capacity by investing in existing facilities.

During 2005, FEMSA Cerveza increased its malting capacity by 16% to 154,000 tons per year with the opening of its new malt-production facility in Puebla, Mexico. Covering an area of 18,000 square meters, this facility is one of the largest and most technologically advanced in the world.

FEMSA Cerveza operates seven effluent water treatment systems in Mexico to treat the water used by the breweries, all of which are wholly owned by FEMSA Cerveza except for the effluent treatment system at the Orizaba brewery, which is a joint venture among FEMSA Cerveza, several other local companies and the government of the state of Veracruz.

Glass Bottles and Cans

On December 20, 2004, the glass bottle and can operations that were formerly part of FEMSA Empaques, S.A. de C.V., which we refer to as FEMSA Empaques, became part of FEMSA Cerveza. These operations produce (1) beverage cans and can ends, (2) glass bottles and (3) crown caps for glass bottle presentations. The operations include a silica sand mine, which provides materials necessary for the production of glass bottles. The following table provides a summary of the facilities for these operations:

FEMSA Cerveza Glass Bottle and Beverage Can Operations Product Summary

Year Ended December 31, 2005

 

Product

   Location    Annual Production
Capacity(1)
   % Average Capacity
Utilization

Beverage cans

   Ensenada    1,600    100.0
   Toluca    1,800    100.0
            
      3,400    100.0

Can ends

   Monterrey    4,300    96.4

Crown cap

   Monterrey    18,000    94.8

Glass bottles

   Orizaba    1,300    86.7

Bottle decoration

   Nogales    330    46.2

Silica sand

   Acayucan    360,000    100.0

(1) Amounts are expressed in millions of units of each product, except for silica sand which is expressed in thousands of tons.

Two plants produce aluminum beverage can bodies at production facilities in Ensenada and Toluca, and another plant produces can ends at a production facility in Monterrey. During 2005, 53% of the beverage can volume produced by these plants was used by FEMSA Cerveza and the remaining amount was sold to third parties.

Glass bottles are produced at a glass production facility in Orizaba, Veracruz and bottles are decorated at a plant in Nogales, Veracruz. During 2005, 77% of the glass bottle volume produced by these plants was used by FEMSA Cerveza, 17% was sold to Coca-Cola FEMSA and the remaining 6% was sold to third parties.

Raw Materials

Malted barley, hops, certain grains, yeast and water are the principal ingredients used in manufacturing FEMSA Cerveza’s beer products. The principal raw materials used by FEMSA Cerveza’s packaging operations

 

53


include aluminum, steel and silica sand. All of these raw materials are generally available in the open market. FEMSA Cerveza satisfies its commodity requirements through purchases from various sources, including purchases pursuant to contractual arrangements and purchases in the open market.

Aluminum and steel are two of the most significant raw materials used in FEMSA Cerveza’s packaging operations to make aluminum cans, can ends and bottle caps. FEMSA Cerveza purchases aluminum and steel directly from international and local suppliers on a contractual basis. These contracts generally have terms of six months or one year and specify prices free-on-board at FEMSA Cerveza’s facilities. Companies such as Alcoa, Nittetsu-Shoji, Noreli, CSN, Rasselstein and AHMSA have been selected as suppliers. Prices for aluminum have been volatile in recent periods, and market prices increased approximately by 9% in 2005. Prices of aluminum and steel are generally quoted in U.S. dollars, and FEMSA Cerveza’s cost is therefore affected by changes in exchange rates. For example, a depreciation of the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar will increase the cost to FEMSA Cerveza of aluminum and steel, as its sales are generally denominated in Mexican pesos. To date, FEMSA Cerveza’s silica sand mine has been able to satisfy all of the silica sand requirements of its glass bottle operations.

Barley is FEMSA Cerveza’s most significant raw material for the production of its beer products. International markets determine the prices and supply sources of agricultural raw materials, which are affected by the level of crop production, inventories, weather conditions, domestic and export demand, as well as government regulations affecting agriculture. The principal source of barley for the Mexican beer industry is the domestic harvest. If domestic production is insufficient to meet the industry’s requirements, barley (or its equivalent in malt) can be obtained from international markets. Before 2003, pursuant to NAFTA, an annual duty-free import quota for barley (or its equivalent in malt) was set. In 2003, under NAFTA, barley imports from the U.S. and Canada are tax-free and there are no import quota restrictions. Prior to NAFTA, domestic barley prices were significantly higher than international barley prices. Since the implementation of NAFTA, domestic barley prices have been stabilizing considering international references, freights and import expenses. We have generally been able to obtain our barley requirements in the domestic market. Hops is the only ingredient that is not available domestically. FEMSA Cerveza imports hops primarily from the United States and Europe.

FEMSA Comercio

Overview and Background

FEMSA Comercio operates the largest chain of convenience stores in Mexico, measured in terms of number of stores as of December 31, 2005, under the trade name Oxxo. As of December 31, 2005, FEMSA Comercio operated 4,141 Oxxo stores located in 28 states of the country, with a particularly strong presence in the northern part of Mexico.

FEMSA Comercio, the largest single customer of FEMSA Cerveza and of the Coca-Cola system in Mexico, was established by FEMSA in 1978 when two Oxxo stores were opened in Monterrey, one store in Mexico City and another store in Guadalajara. The motivating factor behind FEMSA’s entrance into the retail industry was to enhance beer sales through company-owned retail outlets as well as to gather information on customer preferences. In 2005, sales of beer through Oxxo represented 8.6% of FEMSA Cerveza’s domestic beer sales volume as well as approximately 13% of FEMSA Comercio’s revenues. In 2005, a typical Oxxo store carried 2,103 different store keeping units (SKUs) in 35 main product categories, representing a significant increase in the product offering historically carried by Oxxo stores.

In recent years, FEMSA Comercio has gained importance as an effective distribution channel for our beverage products, as well as a rapidly growing point of contact with our consumers. Based on the belief that location plays a major role in the long-term success of a retail operation such as a convenience store, as well as a role in our continually improving ability to accelerate and streamline the new-store development process, FEMSA Comercio has focused on a strategy of rapid, profitable growth. FEMSA Comercio opened 437, 582, 668 and 675 net new Oxxo stores in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. The accelerated expansion yielded

 

54


total revenue growth of 21.8% to reach Ps. 28,734 million in 2005, while same store sales increased 8.7%, which was considerably higher than the retail industry average. FEMSA Comercio served approximately 978 million customers in 2005 compared to 846 million in 2004.

Business Strategy

A fundamental element of FEMSA Comercio’s business strategy is to utilize its position in the convenience store market to grow in a cost-effective and profitable manner. As a market leader in convenience store retailing, based on internal company surveys, management believes that FEMSA Comercio has an in-depth understanding of its markets and significant expertise in operating a national store chain. FEMSA Comercio intends to continue increasing its store base while capitalizing on the market knowledge gained at existing stores.

FEMSA Comercio has developed proprietary models to assist in identifying appropriate store locations, store formats and product categories. Its model utilizes location-specific demographic data and FEMSA Comercio’s experience in similar locations to fine tune the store format and product offerings to the target market. Market segmentation is becoming an important strategic tool, and it should increasingly allow FEMSA Comercio to improve the operating efficiency of each location and the overall profitability of the chain.

FEMSA Comercio has made and will continue to make significant investments in information technology to improve its ability to capture customer information from its existing stores and to improve its overall operating performance. Approximately 99.3% of the products carried through Oxxo stores are bar-coded, and 100% of the Oxxo stores are equipped with point-of-sale systems that are integrated into a company-wide computer network. To implement revenue management strategies, FEMSA Comercio created a division in charge of product category management for products, such as beverages, fast food and perishables, to enhance and better utilize its consumer information base and market intelligence capabilities. FEMSA Comercio is implementing an ERP system, which will allow FEMSA Comercio to redesign its key operating processes and enhance the usefulness of its market information going forward.

FEMSA Comercio has adopted innovative promotional strategies in order to increase store traffic and sales. In particular, FEMSA Comercio sells high-frequency items such as beverages, snacks and cigarettes at competitive prices. FEMSA Comercio’s ability to implement this strategy profitably is partly attributable to the size of the Oxxo chain, as FEMSA Comercio is able to work together with its suppliers to implement their revenue-management strategies through differentiated promotions. Oxxo’s national and local marketing and promotional strategies are an effective revenue driver and a means of reaching new segments of the population while strengthening the Oxxo brand. For example, the organization has refined its expertise in executing cross promotions (discounts on multi-packs or sales of complementary products at a special price) and targeted promotions to attract new customer segments, such as housewives, by expanding the offerings in the grocery product category in certain stores.

 

55


Store Locations

With 4,141 Oxxo stores in Mexico as of December 31, 2005, FEMSA Comercio operates the largest convenience store chain in Latin America measured by number of stores. Oxxo stores are concentrated in the northern part of Mexico, but also have a growing presence in central Mexico and the Gulf coast.

LOGO

FEMSA Comercio has aggressively expanded its number of stores over the past several years. The average investment required to open a new store varies, depending on location and format and whether the store is opened in an existing retail location or requires construction of a new store. FEMSA Comercio is generally able to use supplier credit to fund the initial inventory of new stores.

Growth in Total Oxxo Stores

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2005     2004     2003     2002     2001  

Total Oxxo stores

   4,141     3,466     2,798     2,216     1,779  

Store growth (% change over previous year)

   19.5 %   23.9 %   26.3 %   24.6 %   20.0 %

FEMSA Comercio currently expects to continue the growth trend established over the past several years by emphasizing growth in areas of high economic potential in existing markets and by expanding in underserved and unexploited markets. Management believes that the southeast part of Mexico is particularly underserved by the convenience store industry.

The identification of locations and pre-opening planning in order to optimize the results of new stores are important elements in FEMSA Comercio’s growth plan. FEMSA Comercio continuously reviews store

 

56


performance against certain operating and financial benchmarks to optimize the overall performance of the chain. Stores unable to maintain benchmark standards are generally closed. Between December 31, 2001 and 2005, the total number of Oxxo stores increased by 2,362, which resulted from the opening of 2,441 new stores and the closing of 79 existing stores.

Competition

Oxxo competes in the convenience store segment of the retail market with 7-Eleven, Super Extra, Circle-K and AM/PM, as well as other local convenience stores. The format of these stores is similar to the format of the Oxxo stores. Oxxo competes both for consumers and for new locations for stores and the managers to operate those stores. Based on an internal market survey conducted by FEMSA Comercio, management believes that, as of December 31, 2005, there were approximately 6,787 stores in Mexico that could be considered part of the convenience store segment of the retail market. Oxxo is the largest chain in Mexico, operating more than half of these stores. Furthermore, FEMSA Comercio operates in 28 states and has much broader geographical coverage than any of its competitors in Mexico.

Market and Store Characteristics

Market Characteristics

FEMSA Comercio is placing increased emphasis on market segmentation and differentiation of store formats to more appropriately serve the needs of customers on a location-by-location basis. The principal segments include residential neighborhoods, commercial and office locations and stores near schools and universities, along with other types of specialized locations.

Approximately 68% of Oxxo’s customers are between the ages of 15 and 35. FEMSA Comercio also segments the market according to demographic criteria, including income level.

Store Characteristics

The average size of an Oxxo store is approximately 111 square meters of selling space, excluding space dedicated to refrigeration, storage or parking. The average constructed area of a store is approximately 185 square meters and, when parking areas are included, the average store size increases to approximately 432 square meters.

FEMSA Comercio—Operating Indicators

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
       2005         2004         2003         2002         2001    
     (percentage increase compared to previous year)  

Total FEMSA Comercio revenues

   21.8 %   24.8 %   24.5 %   18.2 %   19.1 %

Oxxo same-store sales(1)

   8.7 %   8.9 %   8.2 %   6.0 %   6.4 %
     (percentage of total)  

Beer-related data:

          

Beer sales as % of total store sales

   13.0 %   13.4 %   12.8 %   13.3 %   13.6 %

Oxxo store sales as a % of FEMSA Cerveza’s volume

   8.6 %   7.3 %   5.4 %   4.5 %   3.9 %

(1) Same-store sales growth is calculated by comparing the sales of stores for each year that have been in operation for at least 13 months with the sales of those same stores during the previous year.

Beer, telephone cards, soft drinks and cigarettes represent the main product categories for Oxxo stores. FEMSA Comercio has a distribution agreement with FEMSA Cerveza. As a result of this agreement, Oxxo stores only carry beer brands produced and distributed by FEMSA Cerveza. Prior to 2001, Oxxo stores had informal agreements with Coca-Cola bottlers, including Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories in central Mexico, to sell only their products. Since 2001, a limited number of Oxxo stores began selling Pepsi products in certain cities in northern Mexico, as part of a defensive competitive strategy.

 

57


Approximately 88% of Oxxo stores are operated by independent managers responsible for all aspects of store operations. The managers are commission agents and are not employees of FEMSA Comercio. Each store manager is the legal employer of the store’s staff, which typically numbers six people per store. FEMSA Comercio continually invests in on-site operating personnel, with the objective of promoting loyalty, customer-service and low personnel turnover in the stores.

Advertising and Promotion

FEMSA Comercio’s marketing efforts include both specific product promotions and image advertising campaigns. These strategies seek to increase store traffic and sales, and to reinforce the Oxxo name and market position.

FEMSA Comercio manages its advertising on three levels depending on the nature and scope of the specific campaign: local or store-specific, regional and national. Store-specific and regional campaigns are closely monitored to ensure consistency with the overall corporate image of Oxxo stores and to avoid conflicts with national campaigns. FEMSA Comercio primarily uses point of purchase materials, flyers, handbills and print and radio media for promotional campaigns, although television is used occasionally for the introduction of new products and services. The Oxxo chain’s image and brand name are presented consistently across all stores, irrespective of location.

Inventory and Purchasing

FEMSA Comercio has placed considerable emphasis on improving operating performance. As part of these efforts, FEMSA Comercio continues to invest in extensive information management systems to improve inventory management. Electronic data collection has enabled FEMSA Comercio to reduce average inventory levels. Inventory replenishment decisions are carried out on a store-by-store basis.

Management believes that the Oxxo chain’s scale of operations provides FEMSA Comercio with a competitive advantage in its ability to realize strategic alliances with suppliers. General category offerings are determined on a national level, although purchasing decisions are implemented on a local, regional or national level, depending on the nature of the product category. Given the fragmented nature of the retail industry in Mexico in general, Mexican producers of beer, soft drinks, bread, dairy products, snacks, cigarettes and other high-frequency products have established proprietary distribution systems with extensive direct distribution routes. As a result, approximately 58% of the products carried by the Oxxo chain are delivered directly to the stores by suppliers. Other products with longer shelf lives are distributed to stores by FEMSA Comercio’s distribution system, which includes seven regional warehouses located in Monterrey, Mexico City, Guadalajara, Mexicali, Mérida, León and Chihuahua. The distribution centers operate a fleet of approximately 187 trucks that make deliveries to each store approximately every week.

Seasonality

Oxxo stores experience periods of high demand in December, as a result of the holidays, and in July and August, as a result of increased consumption of beer and soft drinks during the hot summer months. The months of November and February are generally the weakest sales months for Oxxo stores. In general, colder weather during these months reduces store traffic and consumption of cold beverages.

Other Stores

FEMSA Comercio also operates other stores under the names Bara, Six and Matador.

 

58


Other Business Segment

Our other business segment consists of the following smaller operations that support our core operations:

 

    Our commercial refrigerators, labels and flexible packaging subsidiaries. The refrigeration business produces vertical and horizontal commercial refrigerators for the soft drink, beer and food industries, with an annual capacity of 180,300 units at December 31, 2005. In 2005, this business sold 159,050 refrigeration units, 18% of which were sold to FEMSA Cerveza, 41% of which were sold to Coca-Cola FEMSA and the remainder of which were sold to third parties. The labeling and flexible packaging business has its facility in Monterrey with an annual production capacity of 13,500 tons of flexible packaging. In 2005, this business sold 19% of its label sales volume to FEMSA Cerveza, 11% to Coca-Cola FEMSA and 70% to third parties. Management believes that growth at these businesses will continue to reflect the marketing strategies of Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza.

 

    Our logistics services subsidiary provides logistics services to Coca-Cola FEMSA, FEMSA Empaques, the packaging operations of FEMSA Cerveza, FEMSA Comercio and third party clients that either supply or participate directly in the Mexican beverage industry or in other industries. This business provides integrated logistics support for its clients’ supply chain, including the management of carriers and other supply chain services.

 

    One of our subsidiaries is the owner of the Mundet brands of soft drinks and certain concentrate production equipment, which are licensed to and produced and distributed by Coca-Cola FEMSA.

 

    Our corporate services subsidiary employs all of our corporate staff, including the personnel managing the areas of finance, corporate accounting, taxation, legal, financial and strategic planning, human resources and internal audit. Through this subsidiary, we direct, control, supervise and review the operations of our sub-holding companies. FEMSA Cerveza, FEMSA Comercio and our packaging subsidiaries pay management fees for the services provided to them. In addition, FEMSA Cerveza and Coca-Cola FEMSA have each entered into a services agreement pursuant to which they pay for specific services.

Description of Property, Plant and Equipment

As of December 31, 2005, we owned all of our manufacturing facilities and substantially all of our warehouses and distribution centers. Our properties primarily consisted of production and distribution facilities for our beer and soft drink operations and office space. In addition, FEMSA Comercio owns approximately 12% of the Oxxo store locations, while the other stores are located in properties that are rented under long-term lease arrangements with third parties.

 

59


The table below sets forth the location, principal use and production area of our production facilities, and the sub-holding company that owns such facilities.

Production Facilities of FEMSA

As of December 31, 2005

 

Sub-holding Company

   Location    Principal Use    Production Area
               (in thousands of
sq. meters)

Coca-Cola FEMSA

        

Mexico

   San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    24
   Cedro, Distrito Federal    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    18
   Cuautitlán, Estado de México    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    35
   Los Reyes la Paz, Estado de México    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    28
   Toluca, Estado de México    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    280
   Celaya, Guanajuato    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    87
   León, Guanajuato    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    38
   Morelia, Michoacan    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    50
   Juchitán, Oaxaca    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    27
   Ixtacomitán, Tabasco    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    90
   Apizaco, Tlaxcala    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    80
   Coatepec, Veracruz    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    96

Guatemala

   Guatemala City    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    46

Nicaragua

   Managua    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    71

Costa Rica

   San José    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    52

Panama

   Panama City    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    29

Colombia

   Barranquilla    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    27
   Bogotá Norte    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    89
   Bucaramanga    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    27
   Cali    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    89
   Manantial    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    33
   Medellín    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    44

Venezuela

   Antimano    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    14
   Barcelona    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    141
   Maracaibo    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    34
   Valencia    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    91

Brazil

   Campo Grande    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    36
   Jundiaí    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    191
   Mogi das Cruzes    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    95

Argentina

   Alcorta    Soft Drink Bottling Plant    73

 

60


Sub-holding Company

   Location    Principal Use    Production Area
               (in thousands of
sq. meters)

FEMSA Cerveza

        
   Tecate, Baja California Norte    Brewery    597
   Toluca, Estado de México    Brewery    375
   Guadalajara, Jalisco    Brewery    105
   Monterrey, Nuevo León    Brewery    446
   Navojoa, Sonora    Brewery    517
   Orizaba, Veracruz    Brewery    362
   Pachuca, Hidalgo    Malt Plant    31
   San Marcos, Puebla    Malt Plant    110
   Ensenada, Baja California Norte    Beverage Cans    33
   Toluca, Estado de México    Beverage Cans    22
   Monterrey, Nuevo León    Crown Caps and Can Lids    51
   Acayucan, Veracruz    Silica Sand Mine    7
   Nogales, Veracruz    Bottle Decoration    26
   Orizaba, Veracruz    Glass Bottles    23

Insurance

We maintain an “all risk” insurance policy covering our properties (owned and leased), machinery and equipment and inventories as well as losses due to business interruptions. The policy covers damages caused by natural disaster, including hurricane, hail, earthquake and damages caused by human acts, including explosion, fire, vandalism, riot and losses incurred in connection with goods in transit. In addition, we maintain an “all risk” liability insurance policy that covers product liability. We purchase our insurance coverage through an insurance broker. The policies are issued by Allianz México, S.A., Aseguradora, and the coverage is partially reinsured in the international reinsurance market. We believe that our coverage is consistent with the coverage maintained by similar companies operating in Mexico.

Capital Expenditures and Divestitures

Our consolidated capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 were Ps. 6,505 million, Ps. 7,147 million and Ps. 7,456 million, respectively, and were for the most part financed from cash from operations generated by our subsidiaries. These amounts were invested in the following manner:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
           2005                2004                2003      
     (in millions of constant Mexican pesos)

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   Ps. 2,012    Ps. 2,009    Ps. 2,164

FEMSA Cerveza

     2,882      3,276      3,855

FEMSA Comercio

     1,368      1,703      1,311

Other

     243      159      126
                    

Total

   Ps. 6,505    Ps. 7,147    Ps. 7,456
                    

Coca-Cola FEMSA

During 2005, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s capital expenditures focused on integration of its acquired territories, placing refrigeration equipment with retailers and investments in returnable bottles and cases, increasing plant operating efficiencies, improving the efficiency of its distribution infrastructure and advancing information technology. Capital expenditures in Mexico were approximately Ps. 1,021 million and accounted for most of its capital expenditures.

 

61


FEMSA Cerveza

Production

During 2005, FEMSA Cerveza invested approximately Ps. 316 million on equipment substitution and upgrades in its facilities. FEMSA Cerveza’s monthly installed capacity as of December 31, 2005 was 2.8 million hectoliters, equivalent to an annualized installed capacity of 33.7 million hectoliters. In addition, FEMSA Cerveza invested Ps. 139 million in plant improvements and equipment upgrades for its beverage can and glass bottle operations.

Distribution

In 2005, FEMSA Cerveza invested Ps. 391 million in its distribution network. Approximately Ps. 126 million of this amount was invested in the replacement of trucks in its distribution fleet, Ps. 152 million in land and buildings and improvements to leased properties dedicated to various distribution functions, and the remaining Ps. 113 million in other distribution-related investments.

Market-related Investments

During 2005, FEMSA Cerveza invested approximately Ps. 2,000 million in market-related activities and brand support in the domestic market. Approximately 75% of these investments were directed to tied-customer agreements with retailers and commercial support to owned and third party distributors. Investments in retail agreements with tied customers that exceed a one-year term are capitalized and amortized over the life of the agreement. In general, FEMSA Cerveza’s retail agreements are for a period of three to four years. Other market-related investments include the purchase of refrigeration equipment, coolers, plastic furniture and other promotional items. These items are placed with retailers as a means of facilitating the retailers’ ability to service consumers and to promote the image and profile of FEMSA Cerveza’s brands.

Information Technology Investments

In addition, during 2005, FEMSA Cerveza invested Ps. 108 million in ERP system software.

FEMSA Comercio

FEMSA Comercio’s principal investment activity is the construction and opening of new stores. During 2005, FEMSA Comercio opened 675 net new Oxxo stores. FEMSA Comercio invested Ps. 1,368 million in 2005 in the addition of new stores and improvements to leased properties.

Regulatory Matters

Competition Legislation

The Ley Federal de Competencia Económica (the Federal Economic Competition Law or the Mexican Competition Law) became effective on June 22, 1993. The Mexican Competition Law and the Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Competencia Económica (the Regulations under the Mexican Competition Law), effective as of March 9, 1998, regulate monopolies and monopolistic practices and require Mexican government approval of certain mergers and acquisitions. The Mexican Competition Law subjects the activities of certain Mexican companies, including us, to regulatory scrutiny. In addition, the Regulations under the Mexican Competition Law prohibit members of any trade association from reaching any agreement relating to the price of their products. Management believes that we are currently in compliance in all material respects with Mexican competition legislation.

In Mexico and in some of the other countries in which we operate, we are involved in different ongoing competition related proceedings. We believe that the outcome of these proceedings will not have a material

 

62


adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. See “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Coca-Cola FEMSA—Antitrust Matters” and “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—FEMSA Cerveza—Antitrust Matters.”

Environmental Matters

In all of the countries where we operate, our businesses are subject to federal and state laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment.

Mexico

In Mexico, the principal legislation is the Ley General de Equilibrio Ecológico y Protección al Ambiente (the Federal General Law for Ecological Equilibrium and Environmental Protection) or the Mexican Environmental Law and the Ley General para la Prevención y Gestión Integral de los Residuos (the General Law for the Prevention and Integral Management of Waste), which are enforced by the Secretaría del Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Pesca (the Ministry of the Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries) or SEMARNAP. SEMARNAP can bring administrative and criminal proceedings against companies that violate environmental laws, and it also has the power to close non-complying facilities. Under the Mexican Environmental Law, rules have been promulgated concerning water, air and noise pollution and hazardous substances. In particular, Mexican environmental laws and regulations require that we file periodic reports with respect to air and water emissions and hazardous wastes and set forth standards for waste water discharge that apply to our operations. We are also subject to certain minimal restrictions on the operation of delivery trucks in Mexico City. We have implemented several programs designed to facilitate compliance with air, waste, noise and energy standards established by current Mexican federal and state environmental laws, including a program that installs catalytic converters and liquid petroleum gas in delivery trucks for our operations in Mexico City. See “—Coca-Cola FEMSA—Product Distribution.”

In addition, we are subject to the Ley Federal de Derechos (the Federal Law of Governmental Fees), also enforced by SEMARNAP. Adopted in January 1993, the law provides that plants located in Mexico City that use deep water wells to supply their water requirements must pay a fee to the city for the discharge of residual waste water to drainage. In 1995, municipal authorities began to test the quality of the waste water discharge and charge plants an additional fee for measurements that exceed certain standards published by SEMARNAP. All of our bottler plants located in Mexico City, as well as the Toluca plant, met these new standards in 2001, and as a result, we were not subject to additional fees.

In 2004, Coca-Cola FEMSA built a plastic recycling plant in partnership with The Coca-Cola Company and ALPLA, which manufactures plastic bottles for Coca-Cola FEMSA in Mexico. This plant, which started operations in March 2005, is located in Toluca, Mexico, and has a recycling capacity of 15,000 metric tons per year.

Central America

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Central American operations are subject to several federal and state laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, which have been enacted in the last ten years, as awareness has increased in this region about the protection of the environment and the disposal of dangerous and toxic materials. In some countries in Central America, Coca-Cola FEMSA is in the process of bringing its operations into compliance with new environmental laws. For example, in Nicaragua Coca-Cola FEMSA is in the final phase of the construction of a water treatment plant located at its bottler plant in Managua. Also, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Costa Rica operations have participated in a joint effort along with the local division of The Coca-Cola Company called Proyecto Planeta (Project Planet) for the collection and recycling of non-returnable plastic bottles.

 

63


Colombia

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Colombian operations are subject to several Colombian federal, state and municipal laws and regulations related to the protection of the environment and the disposal of toxic and dangerous materials. These laws include the control of atmospheric emissions and strict limitations on the use of chlorofluorocarbons. Coca-Cola FEMSA is also engaged in nationwide campaigns for the collection and recycling of glass and plastic bottles.

Venezuela

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Venezuelan operations are subject to several Venezuelan federal, state and municipal laws and regulations related to the protection of the environment. The most relevant of these laws are the Ley Orgánica del Ambiente (the Organic Environmental Law), the Ley Sobre Sustancias, Materiales y Desechos Peligrosos (the Substance, Material and Dangerous Waste Law) and the Ley Penal del Ambiente (the Criminal Environment Law). Since the enactment of the Organic Environmental Law in 1995, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Venezuelan subsidiaries have presented to the proper authorities plans to bring their production facilities and distribution centers into compliance with the law. While the laws provide certain grace periods for compliance with the new environmental standards, Coca-Cola FEMSA has had to adjust some of the originally proposed timelines presented to the authorities because of delays in the completion of some of these projects.

Brazil

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Brazilian operations are subject to several federal, state and municipal laws and regulations related to the protection of the environment. Among the most relevant laws and regulations are those dealing with the emission of toxic and dangerous gases, which impose penalties, such as fines, facility closures or criminal charges depending upon the level of non-compliance. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s production plant located in Jundiaí has been recognized by the Brazilian authorities for its compliance with environmental regulations and for having standards well above those imposed by the law. The plant has been certified for the ISO 9000 since March 1995 and the ISO 14001 since March 1997.

Argentina

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Argentine operations are subject to federal and provincial laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The most significant of these are regulations concerning waste water discharge, which are enforced by the Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente Humano (the Ministry of Natural Resources and Human Environment) and the Secretaría de Política Ambiental (the Ministry of Environmental Policy) for the province of Buenos Aires. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Alcorta plant meets and is in compliance with waste water discharge standards.

We have expended, and may be required to expend in the future, funds for compliance with and remediation under local environmental laws and regulations. Currently, we do not believe that such costs will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. However, since environmental laws and regulations and their enforcement are becoming increasingly more stringent in our territories, and there is increased awareness of local authorities for higher environmental standards in the countries where we operate, changes in current regulations may result in an increase in costs, which may have an adverse effect on our future results of operations or financial condition. Management is not aware of any pending regulatory changes that would require a significant amount of additional remedial capital expenditures.

Water Supply Law

FEMSA Cerveza and Coca-Cola FEMSA purchase water in Mexico directly from municipal water companies and pump water from their own wells pursuant to concessions obtained from the Mexican government on a plant-by-plant basis. Water use in Mexico is regulated primarily by the Ley de Aguas Nacionales de 1992

 

64


(the 1992 Water Law), and regulations issued thereunder, which created the Comisión Nacional del Agua (the National Water Commission). The National Water Commission is charged with overseeing the national system of water use. Under the 1992 Water Law, concessions for the use of a specific volume of ground or surface water generally run for five, ten, fifteen and up to thirty-year terms, depending on the supply of groundwater in each region as projected by the National Water Commission. Concessionaires may request concession terms to be extended upon termination, which is a regular practice. These extensions are given for the same period of time given in the original concession. The Mexican government is authorized to reduce the volume of ground or surface water granted for use by a concession by whatever volume of water is not used by the concessionaire for three consecutive years. However, because the current concessions for each of FEMSA Cerveza and Coca-Cola FEMSA’s plants in Mexico do not match each plant’s projected needs for water in future years, we successfully negotiated with the Mexican government the right to transfer the unused volume under concessions from certain plants to other plants anticipating greater water usage in the future. These concessions may be terminated if, among other things, we use more water than permitted or we fail to pay required concession-related fees. We believe that we are in compliance with the terms of our existing concessions.

Although we have not undertaken independent studies to confirm the sufficiency of the existing or future groundwater supply, we believe that our existing concessions satisfy our current water requirements in Mexico. We can give no assurances, however, that groundwater will be available in sufficient quantities to meet our future production needs or that we will be able to maintain our current concessions.

We do not currently require a permit to obtain water in our other territories. In Nicaragua, Costa Rica and some plants in Colombia, we own private water wells. In Argentina, we obtain water from Aguas Argentinas S.A., a privately-owned concessionaire of the Argentine government. In the remainder of our territories, we obtain water from governmental agencies or municipalities. In the past five years we have not had a water shortage in any of our territories, although we can give no assurances that water will be available in sufficient quantities to meet our future production needs or that additional regulations relating to water use will not be adopted in the future.

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None

 

65


ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with, and is entirely qualified by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to those financial statements. Our audited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with Mexican GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Notes 27 and 28 to our audited consolidated financial statements provide a description of the principal differences between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us, as well as U.S. GAAP consolidated balance sheets, statements of income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the same periods presented for Mexican GAAP purposes and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income and stockholders’ equity. See “—U.S. GAAP Reconciliation.”

Overview of Events, Trends and Uncertainties

Management currently considers the following events, trends and uncertainties to be important to understanding its results of operations and financial position during the periods discussed in this section:

 

    The financial information presented is often not comparable to prior or subsequent periods because of the acquisition of Panamco by our subsidiary Coca-Cola FEMSA in May 2003.

 

    Coca-Cola FEMSA has completed the integration of the Panamco territories and for the full-year 2005 achieved sales volume, total revenue and operating income growth when compared to the full-year results of 2004.

 

    At FEMSA Cerveza, total beer sales volumes have increased in both Mexico and in the export market. FEMSA Cerveza increased its operating income ahead of total revenue growth for the 11th consecutive year. Heineken USA began distributing FEMSA Cerveza’s beer brands in the United States on January 1, 2005 with very encouraging results.

 

    FEMSA Comercio continues to increase the number of Oxxo stores and to grow in terms of total revenues and as a percentage of our consolidated total revenues. FEMSA Comercio has lower operating margins than our beverage businesses. We expect to continue to expand the Oxxo chain during 2006.

 

    In May 2005, we issued equity through a public offering that resulted in net proceeds of US$700 million, which were used to pay down debt incurred to finance the purchase of the 30% minority interest of FEMSA Cerveza from InBev in August 2004.

Each of these items is discussed in further detail in this section. In addition, our results of operations and financial position are affected by the economic and market conditions in the countries where our subsidiaries conduct their operations, particularly in Mexico. Changes in these conditions are influenced by a number of factors, including those discussed in “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors.”

Recent Developments

On January 13, 2006, FEMSA Cerveza acquired 68% of the equity of the Brazilian brewer Kaiser from Molson Coors. FEMSA Cerveza paid US$68 million to Molson Coors to acquire 68% of Kaiser. At closing, Kaiser had financial debt of approximately US$60 million and certain contingent liabilities and claims. As part of the transaction to acquire Kaiser, FEMSA Cerveza has received certain indemnity provisions from Molson Coors. Molson Coors retained a 15% ownership stake in Kaiser, while Heineken’s previous ownership of 17% remained unchanged.

Comparability of Information Presented-Panamco Acquisition

Under Mexican GAAP, Panamco is included in our audited consolidated financial statements since May 2003 and is not included prior to this date. As a result, our consolidated financial information for the year ended

 

66


December 31, 2003 is not comparable to subsequent periods. The acquisition of Panamco only impacts the comparability of our consolidated information and of the Coca-Cola FEMSA segment. The comparability of our remaining segments is not affected by the acquisition.

Effects of Changes in Economic Conditions

Our results of operations are affected by changes in economic conditions in Mexico and in the other countries in which we operate. For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, 82.0%, 80.0% and 84.1%, respectively, of our total sales were attributable to Mexico. After the acquisitions of Panamco and Kaiser, we have greater exposure to countries in which we have not historically conducted operations, particularly countries in Central America, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil, although we continue to generate a substantial portion of our total sales from Mexico. The participation of these other countries as a percentage of our total sales may increase in future periods, in particular, as Kaiser will be included in our consolidated financial information beginning in January 2006.

Our future results may be significantly affected by the general economic and financial positions in the countries where we operate, including by levels of economic growth, by the devaluation of the local currency, by inflation and high interest rates or by political developments, and may result in lower demand for our products, lower real pricing or a shift to lower margin products. Because a large percentage of our costs are fixed costs, we may not be able to reduce costs and expenses, and our profit margins may suffer as a result of downturns in the economy of each country. In addition, an increase in interest rates in Mexico would increase our cost of Mexican peso-denominated variable interest rate indebtedness and would have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. A depreciation of the Mexican peso relative to the U.S. dollar would increase our cost of those raw materials, the price of which is paid in or determined with reference to the U.S. dollar, and our debt obligations denominated in U.S. dollars, and thereby may negatively affect our financial position and results of operations.

Operating Leverage

Companies with structural characteristics that result in margin expansion in excess of sales growth are referred to as having high “operating leverage.

The operating subsidiaries of Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza are engaged, to varying degrees, in capital-intensive activities. The high utilization of the installed capacity of the production facilities results in better fixed cost absorption, as increased output results in higher revenues without additional fixed costs. Absent significant increases in variable costs, gross profit margins will expand when production facilities are operated at higher utilization rates. Alternatively, higher fixed costs will result in lower gross profit margins in periods of lower output.

In addition, the commercial operations of Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza are carried out through extensive distribution networks, the principal fixed assets of which are warehouses and trucks. The distribution systems of both Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza are designed to handle large volumes of beverages. Fixed costs represent an important proportion of the total distribution expense of both Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza. Generally, the higher the volume that passes through the distribution system, the lower the fixed distribution cost as a percentage of the corresponding revenues. As a result, operating margins improve when the distribution capacity is operated at higher utilization rates. Alternatively, periods of decreased utilization because of lower volumes will negatively affect our operating margins.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our audited consolidated financial statements requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect (1) the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities, (2) the disclosure of our contingent

 

67


liabilities at the date of the financial statements and (3) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates and judgments on our historical experience and on various other reasonable factors that together form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an on-going basis. Our significant accounting policies are described in notes 5, 6 and 7 to our audited consolidated financial statements. We believe our most critical accounting policies that imply the application of estimates and/or judgments are the following:

Allowance for doubtful accounts

We determine our allowance for doubtful accounts based on an evaluation of the aging of our receivable portfolio. The amount of the allowance considers our historical loss rate on receivables and the economic environment in which we operate. Our beer operations represent the most important part of the consolidated allowance for doubtful accounts as a result of the credit that FEMSA Cerveza extends to retailers, on terms and conditions in accordance with industry practices. Soft drink and retail sales are generally realized in cash.

Bottles and cases; allowance for bottle breakage

Returnable bottles and cases are recorded at acquisition cost and restated to their replacement cost. For the year ended December 31, 2005, FEMSA Cerveza classified returnable bottles and cases as inventory. Beginning on January 1, 2006, FEMSA Cerveza classifies bottles and cases as part of property, plant and equipment because the company considers them to be long-lived assets. For both of these subsidiaries, breakage is expensed as incurred, and returnable bottles and cases are not depreciated. Whenever we decide to discontinue a particular returnable presentation and retire it from the market, we write-off the discontinued presentation through an increase in the breakage expense. We determine depreciation of bottles and cases only for tax purposes. FEMSA Cerveza decided that beginning in 2005 for tax purposes, it would classify bottles and cases as fixed assets and compute depreciation using the straight-line method at an annual rate of 10%. This change in classification did not impact the total amount of taxes payable, but it generated surcharges over taxes not paid in prior years.

We periodically compare the carrying value of bottle breakage expense with the calculated depreciation expense of our returnable bottles and cases in plant and distribution centers, estimating a useful life of five years for glass beer bottles, four years for returnable glass soft drink bottles and plastic cases and one year for returnable plastic bottles. These useful lives are determined in accordance with our business experience. The annual calculated depreciation expense has been similar to the annual carrying value of bottle breakage expense. Whenever we decide to discontinue a particular returnable presentation and retire it from the market, we write off the discontinued presentation through an increase in breakage expense.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives represent the period we expect the assets to remain in service and to generate revenues. We base our estimates on independent appraisals and the experience of our technical personnel.

We describe the methodology used to restate imported equipment in note 7 (g) to our audited consolidated financial statements, which includes applying the exchange and inflation rates of the country of origin utilized as permitted by Mexican GAAP. We believe this method more accurately presents the fair value of the assets than restated cost determined by applying inflation factors.

Coca-Cola FEMSA valued at fair value all fixed assets acquired in the Panamco transaction, considering their operating conditions and the future cash flows expected to be generated based on their estimated remaining useful life as determined by Coca-Cola FEMSA management.

 

68


In 2003, we decided to increase from three to five years the estimated useful life for the refrigerators of the Mexican operations of Coca-Cola FEMSA, based on technical studies, strong control over the refrigerators placed in point-of-sales and the replacement investment refrigerator program for the following years. As a result, depreciation expense recorded in 2003 decreased approximately Ps. 100 million due to the change in our accounting estimate. The useful life of refrigerators for the acquired territories is in accordance with the revised accounting estimate of five years.

Valuation of intangible assets and goodwill

As we discuss in note 7 (i) to our audited consolidated financial statements, beginning in 2003 we began to apply Bulletin C-8, “Activos Intangibles” (Intangible Assets), which establishes that project development costs should be capitalized if they fulfill the criteria established for recognition as assets. Additionally, Bulletin C-8 requires identifying all intangible assets to reduce as much as possible the goodwill associated with business acquisitions. Prior to 2003, the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was considered to be goodwill. With the adoption of Bulletin C-8, Coca-Cola FEMSA considers such excess to relate to the rights to produce and distribute Coca-Cola trademark products. We separate intangible assets between those with a finite useful life and those with an indefinite useful life, in accordance with the period over which we expect to receive the benefits.

As required by Bulletin C-8, we determined the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition, and we assigned the excess purchase price over the fair value of the net assets. In certain circumstances this resulted in the recognition of an intangible asset. The intangible assets are subject to annual impairment tests under U.S. GAAP and Mexican GAAP. We have recorded intangible assets with indefinite lives, which consist of:

 

    Coca-Cola FEMSA’s rights to produce and distribute Coca-Cola trademark products for Ps. 37,153 million as a result of the Panamco acquisition;

 

    Trademarks and distribution rights for Ps. 9,464 million as a result of the acquisition of the 30% interest of FEMSA Cerveza; and

 

    Mundet trademark for Ps. 150 million.

For Mexican GAAP purposes, goodwill is the difference between the price paid and the fair value of the shares and/or net assets acquired that was not assigned directly to an intangible asset. Goodwill is recorded in the functional currency of the subsidiary in which the investment was made and is restated by applying the inflation rate factors of the country of origin and the year-end exchange rate. Until December 31, 2004, goodwill was amortized using the straight-line method over a period of no more than 20 years. The amount of goodwill amortization in 2004 and 2003 was Ps. 14 million and Ps. 15 million, respectively. In 2005, Bulletin B-7, “Adquisiciones de Negocios” (Business Acquisitions), was issued, which establishes that goodwill is no longer subject to amortization, being subject instead to an annual impairment test.

Impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets

We continually review the carrying value of our goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment. We review for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable based on our estimated discounted future cash flows to be generated by those assets. While we believe that our estimates of future cash flows are reasonable, different assumptions regarding such cash flows could materially affect our evaluations.

During 2003, FEMSA Cerveza recognized an impairment of certain fixed assets to be replaced in accordance with its master investment plan. The replacement cost of the new machinery and equipment

 

69


compared to the carrying value of these assets resulted in a loss, which was recorded in other expenses in the income statement of Ps. 740 million. In addition, during 2004, we determined the fair value of the fixed assets of FEMSA Cerveza due to the acquisition of the 30% interest of FEMSA Cerveza, and as a result, we recognized a loss in the income statement of Ps. 333 million, which corresponded to the remaining 70% interest of FEMSA Cerveza.

Our evaluations during 2005 and up to the date of this annual report did not lead to any other significant impairment of goodwill or long-lived assets. We can give no assurance that our expectations will not change as a result of new information or developments. Future changes in economic or political conditions in any country in which we operate or in the industries in which we participate, however, may cause us to change our current assessment.

Executory contracts

As part of the normal course of business, we frequently invest in the development of our beer distribution channels through a variety of commercial agreements with different retailers in order to generate sales volume. These agreements are considered to be executory contracts and accordingly the costs incurred under these contracts are recognized as performance under the contracts is received.

These agreements require cash disbursements to be made in advance to certain retailers in order to fund activities intended to generate sales volume. These advance cash disbursements are then compensated for as sales are invoiced. These disbursements are considered to be market-related investments, which are capitalized as other assets. The amortization of amounts capitalized is presented as a reduction of net sales in relation to the volume sold to each retailer. The period of amortization is between three and four years, which is the normal term of the commercial agreements.

We periodically evaluate the carrying value of executory contracts. If the carrying value is considered to be impaired, these assets are written down as appropriate. The accuracy of the carrying value is based on our ability to predict certain key variables such as sales volume, prices and other industry and economic factors. Predicting these key variables involves assumptions based on future events. These assumptions are consistent with our internal projections.

Labor liabilities

Our labor liabilities are comprised of pension plan, seniority premium and post-retirement medical services. The determination of our obligations and expenses for pension and other post-retirement benefits is dependent on our determination of certain assumptions used by independent actuaries in calculating such amounts. We evaluate our assumptions at least annually. Those assumptions are described in note 17 to our audited consolidated financial statements and include the discount rate, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and rates of increase in compensation costs. All of our assumptions depend on the economic circumstances of each country in which we operate.

 

70


In accordance with Mexican GAAP, actual results that differ from our assumptions (actuarial gains or losses) are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, generally affect our recognized expenses and recorded obligations in these future periods. While we believe that our assumptions are appropriate, significant differences in our actual experience or significant changes in our assumptions may materially affect our pension and other post-retirement obligations and our future expense. The following table is a summary of the three key assumptions to be used in determining 2006 annual pension expense for Mexico, along with the impact on pension expense of a 1% change in each assumed rate.

 

Assumption

       2006 Rate(1)         Impact of Rate Change(2)  
             +1%                     -1%          
     (in real terms)     (in millions of Mexican pesos)  

Mexican Subsidiaries:

      

Discount rate

   6.0 %   Ps. (324 )   Ps. 260  

Salary increase

   2.0 %     203       (255 )

Return on assets

   6.0 %     (324 )     260  

Foreign Subsidiaries:

      

Discount rate

   4.5 %     (36 )     40  

Salary increase

   1.5 %     27       (22 )

Return on assets

   4.5 %     (36 )     40  

(1) Calculated using a measurement dated as of November 2005.
(2) The impact is not the same for an increase of 1% as for a decrease of 1% because the rates are not linear.

Income taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. We regularly review our deferred taxes for recoverability and/or payment, and establish a valuation allowance based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. If these estimates and related assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record additional valuation allowances against our deferred taxes resulting in an impact in net income.

On December 1, 2004, an amendment to the Mexican income tax law was published and became effective as of January 1, 2005. Under this amendment:

 

    The statutory income tax rate decreased to 30% for 2005 and will be subsequently reduced by one percentage point per year through 2007, when the rate will be 28%;

 

    The tax deduction for inventories will be made through cost of sales, and the inventory balance as of December 31, 2004 will be taxable during the next four to 12 years, based on specific criteria provided in the tax law;

 

    Paid employee profit sharing will be deductible for income tax purposes; and

 

    The limit on stockholders’ participation in taxable income or loss from Mexican subsidiaries will be eliminated for tax consolidation purposes.

This amendment reduced the deferred income tax liability in 2004, which we recorded as a reduction in taxes in our income statement, by an amount equal to Ps. 622 million.

Tax and legal contingencies

We are subject to various claims and contingencies related to tax and legal proceedings as described in note 25 to our audited consolidated financial statements. Due to their nature, such legal proceedings involve

 

71


inherent uncertainties including, but not limited to, court rulings, negotiations between affected parties and governmental actions. Management periodically assesses the probability of loss for such contingencies and accrues a liability and/or discloses the relevant circumstances, as appropriate. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we accrue a liability for the estimated loss.

Derivative Financial Instruments

As we mention in note 7 (q) to our consolidated financial statements, beginning in 2005 we began to apply Bulletin C-10, “Instrumentos Financieros Derivados y Operaciones de Cobertura” (Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities), which requires us to measure all derivative financial instruments at fair value and recognize them in the balance sheet as an asset or liability. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are recorded each year in net income or as part of other comprehensive income, based on the type of hedging instrument and the effectiveness of the hedge. The fair values of derivative financial instruments are determined using forward price curves. We base our forward price curves upon market price quotations.

We use derivative financial instruments in the normal course of business to manage our exposure to fluctuations in production and packaging material prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. By policy we do not enter into such contracts for trading purposes or for the purpose of speculation.

Prior to Bulletin C-10, the company’s derivative financial instruments entered into for hedging purposes were valued using the same valuation criteria applied to the hedged asset or liability, and their fair values were disclosed in the notes to our financial statements. Additionally, derivative financial instruments entered into for purposes other than hedging were valued and recorded at fair value. The difference between the derivative financial instrument’s initial value and fair value was recorded in the income statement.

Beginning in 2005, the company records the effect of its embedded derivative financial instruments, which result from implicit or explicit terms in its contracts that affect some or all of the cash flows or value of other exchanges required by the contract in a manner similar to a derivative financial instrument. An embedded derivative that meets certain criteria is separated from the host contract and accounted for as derivative financial instrument.

The cumulative effect, net of taxes, of adopting Bulletin C-10 was the recognition of an asset of Ps. 80 million, of which Ps. 46 million was recorded in the 2005 income statement as a change in accounting principle and Ps. 34 million was recorded in other comprehensive income.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Beginning January 1, 2006, we will adopt the following new accounting standards. We do not currently anticipate any significant impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Under Mexican GAAP

As of May 31, 2004, the Mexican Institute of Public Accountants (“IMCP”) formally transferred the function of establishing and issuing financial reporting standards to the Mexican Board for Research and Development of Financial Reporting Standards (“CINIF”), consistent with the international trend of requiring that this function be performed by an independent entity.

Accordingly, the task of establishing bulletins on Mexican GAAP and circulars previously issued by the IMCP was transferred to the CINIF, who subsequently renamed standards of Mexican GAAP as Normas de Informacíon Financiera (Financial Reporting Standards, or “NIFs”), and determined that NIFs encompass (i) new bulletins established under the new function; (ii) any interpretations issued thereon; (iii) any Mexican

 

72


GAAP bulletins that have not been amended, replaced or revoked by the new NIFs; and (iv) International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as supplementary guidance to be used when Mexican GAAP does not provide primary guidance.

One of the main objectives of the CINIF is to attain greater concurrence with IFRS. To this end, it started by reviewing the theoretical concepts contained in Mexican GAAP and establishing a Conceptual Framework to support the development of financial reporting standards and to serve as a reference in solving issues arising in the accounting practice. The Conceptual Framework is formed by eight financial reporting standards, which comprise the NIF A series. The NIF A series, together with NIF B-1, were issued on October 31, 2005. Their provisions are effective for years beginning January 1, 2006, superseding all existing Mexican GAAP series A bulletins.

The most significant changes established by these standards are as follows:

 

    In addition to the statement of changes in financial position, NIF A-3 includes the statement of cash flows, which should be issued when required by a particular standard.

 

    NIF A-5 includes a new classification for revenues and expenses as either ordinary or extraordinary. Ordinary revenues and expenses are derived from transactions or events that are within the normal course of business or that are inherent in the entity’s activities, whether frequent or not, while extraordinary revenues and expenses refer to unusual transactions and events, whether frequent or not.

 

    NIF A-7 requires the presentation of comparative financial statements, at a minimum, for the preceding period. Through December 31, 2004, the presentation of prior years’ financial statements was optional. The financial statements must disclose the authorized date for their issuance, and the name(s) of the officer(s) or administrative bodies authorizing the related issuance.

 

    NIF B-1 establishes that changes in particular standards, reclassifications and corrections of errors must be recognized retroactively. Consequently, basic financial statements presented on a comparative basis with the current year that might be affected by the change, must be adjusted as of the beginning of the earliest period presented.

Under U.S. GAAP

SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payments.” This statement eliminates the option to apply the intrinsic value measurement provisions of Accounting Principles Board, or APB, Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” to stock compensation awards issued to employees. Rather, SFAS No. 123(R) requires companies to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of the award. That cost will be recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award, or the requisite service period (usually the vesting period). SFAS No. 123(R) applies to all awards granted after the required effective date and to awards modified, repurchased or cancelled after that date. SFAS No. 123(R) will be effective for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2006. We do not grant stock options to employees.

SFAS No. 151, “Inventory Costs.” SFAS No. 151 is an amendment to Accounting Research Bulletin, or ARB, No. 43. It states that abnormal amounts of the idle capacity expense, freight, handling costs and wasted materials should be recognized as current period charges and requires the allocation of fixed production overhead costs to inventory based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. This guidance is effective for inventory costs incurred during the fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005, with earlier application allowed for inventory costs incurred during fiscal years beginning after November 23, 2004.

SFAS No. 153, “Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets—an amendment of APB Opinion No. 29.” In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 153, which amends APB Opinion No. 29, “Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions” to eliminate the exception for nonmonetary exchanges of similar

 

73


productive assets and replaces it with a general exception for exchanges of nonmonetary assets that do not have commercial substance. SFAS No. 153 is effective for nonmonetary assets exchanges occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005.

SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes And Error Corrections—A Replacement Of APB Opinion No. 20 And FASB Statement No. 3.” In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154. This statement replaces APB Opinion No. 20, “Accounting Changes,” and FASB Statement No. 3, “Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements,” and changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting principle. This statement applies to all voluntary changes in accounting principle and also to changes required by an accounting pronouncement in the unusual instance that the pronouncement does not include specific transition provisions. SFAS No. 154 requires “retrospective application” to prior periods’ financial statements of changes in accounting principle instead of recognizing voluntary changes in accounting principle by including in net income of the period the change of the cumulative effect referring to a new pronouncement. This guidance should be applied for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005.

Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 96-16, “Investor’s Accounting for an Investee when the Investor has a Majority of the Voting Interest but the Minority Shareholder or Shareholders have certain Approval or Veto Rights.” In June 2005, the Task Force agreed to amend Item 4 of the Protective Rights section of this consensus as well as Example 1 of Exhibit 96-16A to be consistent with the consensus reached in Issue 04-5, “Determining Whether a General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls limited Partnership Rights.” EITF 96-16 Item 4 specifies that the acquisitions or dispositions of assets that are not expected to be undertaken in the ordinary course of business are considered a protective right and this does not overcome the presumption of consolidation by the investor with a majority voting interest in its investee. This amendment should be applied to new investments and to investment agreements that are modified after June 29, 2005. The consensus of this amendment to EITF 96-16 does not change our current equity method accounting for our investment in Coca-Cola FEMSA in our U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements.

EITF Issue No. 03-01, “The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and its Application to Certain Investments.” On November 3, 2005, the FASB issued FSP FAS 115-1 and FAS 124-1, “The Meaning of other-than-temporary Impairment and its Application to certain Investments.” This FASB Staff Position (FSP) addresses the determination as to when an investment is considered impaired, whether the impairment is other than temporary, and the measurement of an impairment loss. This FSP also includes accounting consideration subsequent to the recognition of an other-than-temporary impairment and requires certain disclosures about unrealized losses that have not been recognized as other-than-temporary impairments. The guidance in this FSP amends SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities,” and SFAS No. 124, “Accounting for certain Investments Held by Not-for-Profit Organizations,” and APB Opinion No. 18, “The Equity method of accounting for Investments in Common Stock.” We will adopt the recognition and measurement guidance of EITF 03-1 in 2006, when applicable.

EITF Issue No. 04-13, “Accounting for Purchases and Sales of Inventory with the Same Counterparty.” In September 2005, the FASB ratified the consensus reached by the Task Force regarding EITF 04-13. This guidance addresses the circumstances under which two or more inventory transactions with the same counterparty should be viewed as a single nonmonetary transaction with the scope of APB Opinion No. 29, “Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions.” The Task Force reached a consensus that nonmonetary exchange whereby an entity transfers finished goods inventory in exchange for the receipt of raw materials or work-in-progress inventory within the same line of business is not considered an exchange transaction to facilitate sales customers as described in APB Opinion No. 29 paragraph 20(b) and therefore should be recognized by the entity at fair value if it is determinable within reasonable limits and the transaction has commercial substance. All other nonmonetary exchanges of inventory within the same line of business should be recognized at the carrying amount of the inventory transferred. The Task Force agreed that this consensus should be applied to transactions completed in reporting periods beginning after March 2006. We will adopt this guidance in 2006.

 

74


EITF Issue No. 05-6, “Determining the Amortization Period for Leasehold Improvements Purchased After Lease Inception or Acquired in a Business Combination.” In June 2005, the Task Force reached a consensus on EITF Issue No. 05-6. This guidance determines that leasehold improvements acquired in a business combination should be amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the assets or a term that includes required lease period and renewals that are deemed to be reasonably assured at the date of acquisition. The Task Force also agreed that leasehold improvements that are placed in service significantly after and not contemplated at or near beginning of the lease term should be amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the assets or a term that includes required lease periods and renewals that are deemed to be reasonably assured at the date the leasehold improvements are purchased. This consensus should be applied to leasehold improvements that are purchased or acquired in reporting periods beginning after June 29, 2005.

FSP FAS 13-1, “Accounting for Rental Costs Incurred During a Construction Period.” In October 2005, the FASB stated that there is no distinction between the right to use a leased asset during the construction period and the right to use that asset after the construction period. Therefore rental costs associated with ground or building operating leases that are incurred during the construction period shall be recognized as a rental expense. This guidance shall be applied to the first reporting period beginning after December 15, 2005. Currently, for U.S. GAAP purposes, we record rental expenses in our consolidated income statement as incurred.

 

75


Operating Results

The following table sets forth our consolidated income statement under Mexican GAAP for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2005     2005     2004     2003  
     (in millions of U.S. dollars and constant Mexican
pesos at December 31, 2005)
 

Net sales

   $ 9,884     Ps. 105,045     Ps. 96,201     Ps. 82,041  

Other operating revenues

     51       537       632       455  
                                

Total revenues

     9,935       105,582       96,833       82,496  

Cost of sales

     5,288       56,195       51,222       42,700  
                                

Gross profit

     4,647       49,387       45,611       39,796  
                                

Operating expenses:

        

Administrative

     667       7,085       6,873       5,905  

Selling

     2,513       26,715       24,502       20,818  
                                

Total operating expenses

     3,180       33,800       31,375       26,723  
                                

Income from operations

     1,467       15,587       14,236       13,073  

Interest expense

     (425 )     (4,520 )     (3,894 )     (2,679 )

Interest income

     60       638       572       770  
                                

Interest expense, net

     (365 )     (3,882 )     (3,322 )     (1,909 )

Foreign exchange gain (loss)

     34       357       (14 )     (2,752 )

Gain on monetary position

     104       1,117       2,004       1,038  
                                

Integral result of financing

     (227 )     (2,408 )     (1,332 )     (3,623 )

Other expenses, net

     (45 )     (483 )     (813 )     (598 )
                                

Income before taxes and employee profit sharing

     1,195       12,696       12,091       8,852  

Taxes and employee profit sharing

     431       4,584       2,533       3,785  
                                

Income before change in accounting principle

     764       8,112       9,558       5,067  

Change in accounting principle, net of taxes

     4       46       —         —    
                                

Consolidated net income

   $ 768     Ps. 8,158     Ps. 9,558     Ps. 5,067  
                                

Net majority income

     522       5,549       6,027       3,408  

Net minority income

     246       2,609       3,531       1,659  
                                

Consolidated net income

   $ 768     Ps. 8,158     Ps. 9,558     Ps. 5,067  
                                

 

76


Operating Results

The following table sets forth certain operating results by reportable segment under Mexican GAAP for each of our segments for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2005     2004     2003     Percentage Growth  
           2005 vs. 2004     2004 vs. 2003  
    

(in millions of constant Mexican pesos

at December 31, 2005, except for percentages)

 

Net sales

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

   Ps. 49,840     Ps. 47,442     Ps. 38,664     5.1 %   22.7 %

FEMSA Cerveza

     27,411       25,575       24,771     7.2 %   3.2 %

FEMSA Comercio

     28,734       23,599       18,914     21.8 %   24.8 %

Total revenues

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

     50,198       47,787       39,062     5.0 %   22.3 %

FEMSA Cerveza

     27,573       25,802       24,956     6.9 %   3.4 %

FEMSA Comercio

     28,734       23,599       18,914     21.8 %   24.8 %

Cost of sales

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

     25,486       24,351       19,614     4.7 %   24.2 %

FEMSA Cerveza

     11,122       10,618       10,328     4.7 %   2.8 %

FEMSA Comercio

     21,111       17,334       13,942     21.8 %   24.3 %

Gross profit

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

     24,712       23,436       19,448     5.4 %   20.5 %

FEMSA Cerveza

     16,451       15,184       14,628     8.3 %   3.8 %

FEMSA Comercio

     7,623       6,265       4,972     21.7 %   26.0 %

Income from operations

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

     8,683       7,988       7,340     8.7 %   8.8 %

FEMSA Cerveza

     5,353       4,902       4,634     9.2 %   5.8 %

FEMSA Comercio

     1,259       941       761     33.8 %   23.7 %

Depreciation

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA(1)

     2,250       2,032       1,645     10.7 %   23.5 %

FEMSA Cerveza

     1,476       1,519       1,537     (2.8 )%   (1.2 )%

FEMSA Comercio

     323       223       143     44.8 %   55.9 %

Gross margin(2)

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

     49.2 %     49.0 %     49.8 %   0.2 %   (0.8 )%

FEMSA Cerveza

     59.7 %     58.8 %     58.6 %   0.9 %   0.2 %

FEMSA Comercio

     26.5 %     26.5 %     26.3 %   —       0.2 %

Operating margin

          

Coca-Cola FEMSA

     17.3 %     16.7 %     18.8 %   0.6 %   (2.1 )%

FEMSA Cerveza

     19.4 %     19.0 %     18.6 %   0.4 %   0.4 %

FEMSA Comercio

     4.4 %     4.0 %     4.0 %   0.4 %   —    

(1) Includes breakage of bottles of Coca-Cola FEMSA.
(2) Gross margin calculated with reference to total revenues.

 

77


Results of Operations For Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2004

FEMSA Consolidated

Total Revenues

Consolidated total revenues increased 9.0% to Ps. 105,582 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 96,833 million in 2004. Consolidated net sales increased 9.2% to Ps. 105,045 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 96,201 million in 2004. All of FEMSA’s operations—soft drinks, beer, and retail—contributed positively to this high single-digit pace. FEMSA Comercio was the largest contributor to consolidated total revenue growth in 2005, representing approximately 60% of the increase. FEMSA Comercio’s total revenues increased 21.8% to Ps. 28,734 million, due in large part to the 675 net new stores opened during the year. Most of the remaining growth came from Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s total revenues increased 5.0% to Ps. 50,198 million, mainly due to increased prices and volume growth in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia. FEMSA Cerveza posted total revenue growth of 6.9% to Ps. 27,573 million, due primarily to a 5.2% increase in total sales volume and a 2.3% increase in the total real price per hectoliter.

Gross Profit

Consolidated cost of sales increased 9.7% to Ps. 56,195 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 51,222 million in 2004. Approximately 76% of this increase resulted from FEMSA Comercio and its rapid pace of store expansion.

Consolidated gross profit increased 8.3% to Ps. 49,387 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 45,611 million in 2004, with Coca-Cola FEMSA, FEMSA Cerveza and FEMSA Comercio each representing approximately one-third of the increase. Gross margin decreased 0.3 percentage points to 46.8% of consolidated total revenues in 2005, compared to 47.1% of consolidated total revenues in 2004. We achieved an expanding or stable gross margin in all of our main business units and the slight decline in consolidated gross margin from 2004 levels resulted from the increased contribution of FEMSA Comercio in our consolidated financial results, which has a lower gross margin relative to our other operations.

Income from Operations

Consolidated operating expenses increased 7.7% to Ps. 33,800 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 31,375 million in 2004. Approximately 43% of this increase was due to FEMSA Comercio’s rapid growth and 34% was attributable to FEMSA Cerveza, which increased selling expenses in connection with its new agreement with Heineken USA and also increased advertising for new products and presentations in the domestic market. As a percentage of total revenues, consolidated operating expenses declined 0.4 percentage points to reach 32.0% in 2005 compared with 32.4% in 2004.

Consolidated administrative expenses increased 3.1% to Ps. 7,085 million in 2005 versus Ps. 6,873 million in 2004. The lower level of administrative expenses relative to total revenue growth resulted from a 0.2% reduction in expenses at Coca-Cola FEMSA and a decrease in expenses as a percentage of total revenues at FEMSA Cerveza and FEMSA Comercio. As a percentage of total revenues, consolidated administrative expenses decreased 0.4 percentage points to reach 6.7% in 2005 compared with 7.1% in 2004.

Consolidated selling expenses increased 9.0% to Ps. 26,715 million in 2005 as compared to Ps. 24,502 million in 2004. Approximately 46% of this increase was due to FEMSA Comercio’s rapid rate of growth, and approximately 32% was due to FEMSA Cerveza’s increased expenses related to the new agreement with Heineken USA and increased advertising for new products and presentations in the domestic market. As a percentage of total revenues, selling expenses remained stable at 25.3% in 2005 compared with 25.3% in 2004.

We incur various expenses related to the distribution of our products that are accounted for in our selling expenses. During 2005 and 2004, our distribution costs amounted to Ps. 9,252 million and Ps. 8,692 million,

 

78


respectively. The exclusion of these charges from our cost of sales may result in the amounts reported as gross profit not being comparable to other companies that may include all expenses related to their distribution network in cost of sales when calculating gross profit or an equivalent measure.

Consolidated income from operations increased 9.5% to Ps. 15,587 million in 2005 as compared to Ps. 14,236 million in 2004. Almost half of this increase resulted from Coca-Cola FEMSA and its solid top-line growth combined with reduced expenses. The remaining amount is attributable to FEMSA Cerveza and FEMSA Comercio, representing 33% and 24%, respectively. Consolidated operating margin increased 0.1 percentage points from 2004 levels to 14.8% of consolidated total revenues in 2005. The stable operating margin was primarliy due to operating margin improvements at Coca-Cola FEMSA and FEMSA Cerveza that completely offset the increased contribution of FEMSA Comercio, which is our fastest growing business with the lowest operating margin relative to our other core operations.

Some of our subsidiaries pay management fees to FEMSA in consideration for corporate services provided to them. These fees are recorded as administrative expenses in the respective business segments. Our subsidiaries’ payments of management fees are eliminated in consolidation and, therefore, have no effect on our consolidated operating expenses.

Coca-Cola FEMSA

Total Revenues

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s total revenues increased 5.0% to Ps. 50,198 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 47,787 million in 2004. Net sales increased 5.1% to Ps. 49,840 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 47,442 million in 2004 and represented 99.3% of total revenues in 2005. Total revenue growth primarily resulted from Mexico, Brazil and Colombia, accounting for approximately 51%, 26% and 17%, of the incremental total revenues, respectively.

Sales volume reached 1,889 million unit cases in 2005 compared to 1,812 million unit cases in 2004, which represents an increase of 4.3%. Most of the increase came from carbonated soft drink volume growth of 3.6% in 2005. The Coca-Cola brand accounted for over 50% of the incremental volume.

Average price per unit case (calculated by dividing net sales by total sales volume) increased 0.8% from Ps. 26.18 in 2004 to Ps. 26.38 in 2005. The increase was primarily due to price increases in all our territories except for Central America. Price increases implemented during the year mainly in Venezuela, Colombia and Argentina, combined with better packaging and product mix in Mexico and Brazil, resulted in higher average prices per unit case.

Gross Profit

Cost of sales increased 4.7% to Ps. 25,486 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 24,351 million in 2004. As a percentage of total revenues, cost of sales decreased 0.2 percentage points to reach 50.8% of sales in 2005, slightly below 2004 levels. Lower sweetener costs in Mexico and Colombia, combined with the appreciation of local currencies in the majority of our territories applied to U.S. dollar-denominated costs, more than compensated for increases in prices for resin used to produce plastic bottles.

Gross profit increased 5.4% to Ps. 24,712 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 23,436 million in 2004, resulting in a gross margin of 49.2%. Brazil and Mexico accounted for 90% of this growth. Gross margin improved 0.2 percentage points as a result of higher average prices per unit case in all our territories, except for Central America, and relatively stable average costs per unit case on a consolidated basis.

Income from Operations

Operating expenses increased 3.8% to Ps. 16,029 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 15,448 million in 2004. As a percentage of total revenues, operating expenses declined from 32.3% in 2004 to 31.9% in 2005 due to

 

79


higher fixed-cost absorption driven by incremental volumes and higher average price per unit case. Administrative expenses declined 0.2% to Ps. 2,819 million in 2005 from Ps. 2,824 million in 2004. Selling expenses increased 4.6% to Ps. 13,210 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 12,624 million in 2004. At 26.3% of total revenues, selling expenses decreased 0.1 percentage points from 2004 levels.

Income from operations increased 8.7% to Ps. 8,683 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 7,988 million in 2004. Growth in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia more than compensated for operating income decline in Central America and Venezuela. Operating margin improved by 0.6 percentage points to 17.3% in 2005 compared to 16.7% in 2004.

FEMSA Cerveza

Total Revenues

FEMSA Cerveza total revenues increased 6.9% to Ps. 27,573 million in 2005 as compared to Ps. 25,802 million in 2004. Net sales increased 7.2% to Ps. 27,411 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 25,575 million in 2004. Net sales, which include beer and packaging sales, represented 99.4% of total revenues. This growth was primarily due to total beer sales volume growth of 5.2%, a 2.3% increase in total real price per hectoliter and a 2.9% increase in packaging sales.

Domestic beer sales volume increased 4.9% to 24.580 million hectoliters in 2005 compared to 23.442 million hectoliters in 2004. The increased product innovation, broader availability of our beers supported by the expansion of Oxxo, successful execution at the point of sale, and revenue management initiatives produced this top-line growth. During the year, we rolled out an unprecedented amount of new products and presentations, launching 200 new SKUs throughout the country.

Export beer sales volume increased 8.8% to 2.438 million hectoliters in 2005 compared to 2.240 million hectoliters in 2004. This result was slightly above our expectations thanks to the work of Heineken USA, which enabled us to outpace import category growth in the United States. It has been one full year since Heineken USA became our U.S. importer, and we believe that the continued focus towards increasing the overall availability of our brands and improving our performance across the entire country will continue to be important for 2006.

Gross Profit

Cost of sales increased 4.7% in 2005 and as a percentage of total revenues decreased 0.9 percentage points from 2004. Cost of sales reached Ps. 11,122 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 10,618 million in 2004. Gross profit reached Ps. 16,451 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 15,184 million in 2004, resulting in a gross margin of 59.7% as compared to 58.8%. The gross margin expanded 0.9% as a result of higher prices per hectoliter in exports due to the new Heineken agreement structure, which did not apply in 2004, the strength of the Mexican peso as applied to U.S. dollar-denominated raw materials, and operating efficiencies.

Until January 1, 2005, we were a party to an agreement with Labatt USA for the sale of our beer in the U.S. market. Under this agreement, we sold our beer to Labatt USA at a price that gave Labatt USA margin sufficient to cover most of the selling and marketing expenses for our brands in the U.S. market and, as 30% owners of Labatt USA, we received an equivalent proportion of Labatt USA’s profits as equity income. Beginning on January 1, 2005, our exports to the U.S. market are through a new commercial agreement with Heineken USA. Under this new agreement, we export our beer to the U.S. market at a higher price than under our previous arrangement with Labatt USA, and we pay a significant component of the selling and marketing expenses of our brands in the U.S. market. We no longer have any equity participation in connection with our exports to the U.S. market.

Income from Operations

Operating expenses increased 7.9% to Ps. 11,098 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 10,282 million in 2004. Administrative expenses increased 3.0% to Ps. 3,455 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 3,355 million in 2004.

 

80


Selling expenses increased 10.3% to Ps. 7,643 million in 2005 as compared with Ps. 6,927 million in 2004. Most of this increase was due to additional market spending under the new agreement with Heineken USA and increased domestic advertising spending for new products and presentations.

Income from operations increased 9.2% to Ps. 5,353 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 4,902 million in 2004. This reflects an increase in total revenues and reduced cost of sales relative to revenues, which more than compensated for increased operating expenses.

FEMSA Comercio

Total Revenues

FEMSA Comercio total revenues increased 21.8% to Ps. 28,734 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 23,599 million in 2004. The increase in total revenues was mainly a result of the aggressive expansion of the Oxxo convenience store chain, which added 675 net new Oxxo stores during 2005. As of December 31, 2005, we had 4,141 Oxxos nationwide. This is Oxxo’s 10th consecutive year of increasing the number of new store openings.

Same-store sales of Oxxo increased an average of 8.7% in 2005, reflecting an increase in the average ticket of 1.3% and an increase in store traffic of 7.2%. This increase reflects rapid store expansion and stronger category management practices, such as tailored product offerings within the stores.

Gross Profit

Cost of sales increased 21.8% to Ps. 21,111 million in 2005, in-line with total revenue growth, compared with Ps. 17,334 million in 2004. As a result, gross profit reached Ps. 7,623 million in 2005, which represented a 21.7% increase from 2004. Gross margin remained in-line with 2004 levels at 26.5%.

Income from Operations

Operating expenses increased 19.5% to Ps. 6,364 million in 2005 compared with Ps. 5,324 million in 2004. Administrative expenses increased 4.8% to Ps. 585 million in 2005 compared with Ps. 558 million in 2004. Selling expenses increased 21.3% to Ps. 5,779 million in 2005 compared with Ps. 4,766 million in 2004. In 2005, selling expenses represented 20.1% of total revenues, remaining in line with 2004 levels, which were also 20.1%.

Income from operations increased 33.8% to Ps. 1,259 million in 2005 compared with Ps. 941 million in 2004. This increase was above revenue growth, and contributed to a 0.4 percentage point increase in operating margin which reached 4.4% in 2005 compared with 4.0% in 2004.

FEMSA Consolidated—Net Income

Integral Result of Financing

Net interest expense reached Ps. 3,882 million in 2005 compared with Ps. 3,322 million in 2004, despite the reduction in overall debt, resulting primarily from higher interest expense due to the conversion through currency swaps of U.S. dollar denominated debt into Mexican pesos.

Foreign exchange (loss/gain) amounted to a gain of Ps. 357 million in 2005 compared with a loss of Ps. 14 million in 2004. This significant gain resulted from the positive effect of the strength of the Mexican peso on our U.S. dollar-denominated debt during 2005.

Monetary position amounted to a gain of Ps. 1,117 million in 2005 compared with a gain of Ps. 2,004 million in 2004. The decrease in the amount of our gain in 2005 compared with 2004 reflects the lower inflation on our reduced liabilities recorded in 2005.

 

81


Taxes

Tax recognized in 2005, which includes income tax, tax on assets and employee profit sharing, amounted to Ps. 4,584 million compared to Ps. 2,533 million in 2004. The 81.0% increase from 2004 is primarily due to a one-time deferred tax benefit that was recognized at Coca-Cola FEMSA in the amount of Ps. 1,355 million during that year. Consequently, the effective tax rate in 2005 was 36% compared to 21% in 2004.

Net Income

Net income decreased 14.6% to Ps. 8,158 million in 2005 compared to Ps. 9,558 million in 2004. This decrease was due to higher taxes relative to 2004 because of the one-time deferred tax benefit recognized at Coca-Cola FEMSA during 2004, to higher interest expense as we continued to convert our U.S. dollar denominated debt into Mexican pesos and to a lower monetary gain due to the lower inflationary impact on our reduced liabilities recorded in 2005.

Net majority income amounted to Ps. 5,549 million in 2005 compared with Ps. 6,027 million in 2004, a decrease of 7.9% from 2004 levels. Net majority income per FEMSA BD Unit was Ps. 4.652 for full year 2005. Net majority income per ADS, considering an exchange rate of Ps. 10.711 per dollar, was US$ 4.34 in 2005.

Results of Operations For Year Ended December 31, 2004 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2003

FEMSA Consolidated

Total Revenues

Consolidated total revenues increased 17.4% to Ps. 96,833 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 82,496 million in 2003. Consolidated net sales increased 17.3% to Ps. 96,201 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 82,041 million in 2003 and represented 99.3% of total revenues in 2004, compared to 99.4% in 2003. All of FEMSA’s operations—soft drinks, beer and retail—contributed positively to these increases. Coca-Cola FEMSA was the largest contributor to consolidated total revenue growth in 2004, representing approximately 61% of the increase. Coca-Cola FEMSA’s total revenues increased 22.3% to Ps. 47,787 million, mainly due to the inclusion of the acquired territories for 12 months of 2004. Most of the remaining growth came from FEMSA Comercio and FEMSA Cerveza. FEMSA Comercio’s total revenue increased by 24.8% to Ps. 23,599 million, due in large part to the 668 net new stores opened during the year. FEMSA Cerveza contributed to a lesser extent with total revenue growth of 3.4% to Ps. 25,802 million, due to a 4.5% increase in total sales volume and a 2.3% increase in the export real price per hectoliter, which together more than offset a 1.4% decrease in domestic real price per hectoliter.

Gross Profit

Consolidated cost of sales increased 20.0% to Ps. 51,222 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 42,700 million in 2003. Approximately 56% of this increase resulted from Coca-Cola FEMSA and the inclusion of the acquired territories for 12 months of 2004, with most of the remaining increase, approximately 40% due to FEMSA Comercio’s rapid pace of store expansion in 2004. Consolidated gross profit increased 14.6% to Ps. 45,611 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 39,796 million in 2003, with over two-thirds of the increase due to Coca-Cola FEMSA and the inclusion of the acquired territories for 12 months of 2004. Gross margin decreased 1.1% percentage points to 47.1% of consolidated total revenues in 2004, compared to 48.2% of consolidated total revenues in 2003. The gross margin decline from 2003 resulted mainly from a gross margin contraction at Coca-Cola FEMSA and the increased contribution of FEMSA Comercio in our consolidated financial results, which has a lower gross margin relative to our other operations.

Income from Operations

Consolidated operating expenses increased 17.4% to Ps. 31,375 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 26,723 million in 2003, with approximately 72% of the increase resulting from the inclusion of the acquired territories

 

82


for 12 months of 2004, and most of the remaining amount attributable to an increase in the operating expenses of FEMSA Comercio due to its rapid pace of growth. As a percentage of total revenues, consolidated operating expenses remained stable at 32.4% in 2004 versus 2003.

Consolidated administrative expenses increased 16.4% to Ps. 6,873 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 5,905 million in 2003. Approximately 70% of this increase resulted from an increase of 31.0% to Ps. 2,824 million in the administrative expenses of Coca-Cola FEMSA as a consequence of the inclusion of the acquired territories for 12 months of 2004. The remaining 30% of the increase resulted from an increase in the amortization of ERP expenses and investments in technology and systems in FEMSA Cerveza and FEMSA Comercio. As a percentage of total revenues, administrative expenses remained stable at 7.1% in 2004 compared to 7.2% in 2003.

Consolidated selling expenses increased 17.7% to Ps. 24,502 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 20,818 million in 2003. Approximately 73% of this increase resulted from an increase of 26.8% to Ps. 12,624 million in the selling expenses of Coca-Cola FEMSA due to the inclusion of the acquired territories for 12 months of 2004. Most of the remaining increase was attributable to an increase of 25.6% to Ps. 4,766 million in the selling expenses of FEMSA Comercio due to the aggressive expansion in its number of stores in 2004. As a percentage of total revenues, selling expenses remained stable at 25.3% in 2004 compared to 25.2% in 2003.

We incur various expenses related to the distribution of our products that are accounted for in our selling expenses. During 2004 and 2003, our distribution costs amounted to Ps. 8,692 million and Ps. 7,900 million, respectively. The exclusion of these charges from our cost of sales may result in the amounts reported as gross profit not being comparable to other companies that may include all expenses related to their distribution network in cost of sales when calculating gross profit or an equivalent measure.

Consolidated income from operations increased 8.9% to Ps. 14,236 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 13,073 million in 2003. Approximately 56% of this increase resulted from Coca-Cola FEMSA and the inclusion of the acquired territories for 12 months of 2004. FEMSA Cerveza and FEMSA Comercio also contributed to this increase, representing approximately 23% and 15%, respectively. Consolidated operating margin in 2004 decreased 1.1 percentage points from 2003 levels to 14.7% of consolidated total revenues in 2004. The decline in operating margin was primarily due to the inclusion of the acquired territories for 12 months of 2004, which have lower operating margins than Coca-Cola FEMSA’s original territories, and the increased contribution of FEMSA Comercio, which has a lower operating margin, in our consolidated financial results. FEMSA Cerveza partially offset this effect by achieving an operating margin expansion of 0.4 percentage points to 19.0% of total revenues as compared to 18.6% in 2003, due to solid volume growth resulting in part from slightly weaker pricing in real terms, a reduction in cost of sales and expense containment initiatives.

Some of our subsidiaries pay management fees to FEMSA in consideration for corporate services provided to them. Our subsidiaries’ payments of management fees are eliminated in consolidation and, therefore, have no effect on our consolidated operating expenses, with the exception of the management fee paid by FEMSA Cerveza to Labatt, which was paid until August 2004, when we acquired Labatt’s interest in FEMSA Cerveza. This fee amounted to Ps. 88 million for eight months of 2004 compared to Ps. 137 million paid for all of 2003.

Coca-Cola FEMSA

Total Revenues

Coca-Cola FEMSA’s total revenues increased 22.3% to Ps. 47,787 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 39,062 million in 2003. Net sales increased 22.7% to Ps. 47,442 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 38,664 million in 2003 and represented 99.3% of total revenues in 2004. Total revenue growth primarily resulted from the inclusion of the acquired territories for 12 months of 2004, compared to their inclusion for eight months of 2003, which more than compensated for the decline in net sales of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s Mexican and Colombian territories.

Sales volume reached 1,812 million unit cases in 2004, an increase of 27.9% compared to 1,416 million unit cases in 2003. Most of this increase, approximately 92%, resulted from the inclusion of the acquired territories

 

83


for 12 months of 2004. The remaining increase was driven by volume growth in carbonated soft drinks, in particular the Coca-Cola brand, which more than compensated for jug water volume declines in Mexico and Colombia and flavored carbonated soft drink volume declines in Colombia and Brazil. Introduction of new multiple serving presentations and product and package segmentation efforts in our distribution channels contributed significantly to these results.

Average price per unit case (calculated by dividing net sales by total sales volume) decreased 4.1% from Ps. 27.30 in 2003 to Ps. 26.18 in 2004. This decline was primarily due to a decrease in the average price of soft drinks in our Mexican territories and lower prices in the acquired territories.

Gross Profit

Cost of sales increased 24.2% to Ps. 24,351 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 19,614 million in 2003, mainly due to the inclusion of the acquired territories for 12 months of 2004, compared to their inclusion for eight months of 2003. As a percentage of total revenues, the cost of sales increased 0.8 percentage points, reaching 51.0% of total revenues, mainly due to a reduction in the average price per unit case and increases in the cost of raw materials. This increase, however, was offset by operating improvements and the appreciation of local currencies in the territories in which Coca-Cola FEMSA operates. Gross profit increased 20.5% to Ps. 23,436 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 19,448 million in 2003, resulting in a gross margin of 49.0%. Mexico accounted for approximately 62% of Coca-Cola FEMSA’s gross profit, totaling Ps. 14,604 million in 2004, resulting in a gross margin of 52.8%. Outside of Mexico, Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories have lower gross margins mainly due to higher manufacturing costs and different product mixes.

Income from Operations

Operating expenses increased 27.6% to Ps. 15,448 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 12,108 million in 2003, mainly due to the inclusion of the acquired territories for 12 months of 2004, compared to their inclusion for eight months of 2003. Administrative expenses increased 31.0% to Ps. 2,824 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 2,156 million in 2003, due to the inclusion of the acquired territories for 12 months of 2004. Selling expenses increased 26.8% to Ps. 12,624 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 9,953 million in 2003. At 26.4% of total revenues in 2004, selling expenses increased 0.9 percentage point compared to 25.5% of total revenues in 2003. As a percentage of total revenues, operating expenses increased 1.3 percentage points, reaching 32.3% of total revenues, due to lower absorption of fixed costs as a result of lower average price per unit case. Nonetheless, operating expenses per unit case remained mostly unchanged due to the implementation of cost reduction initiatives throughout all Coca-Cola FEMSA’s territories and better commercial and distribution practices.

Income from operations increased 8.8% to Ps. 7,988 million in 2004, principally due to the inclusion of the acquired territories for 12 months of 2004. The operating income margin as a percentage of total revenues decreased 2.1 percentage points in 2004 from 18.8% to 16.7%, mainly due to the inclusion of the acquired territories, which have a lower operating income margin, and the reduction in the average price per unit case due to increased competition in Mexico and to a lesser extent in many of the territories outside of Mexico.

FEMSA Cerveza

Total Revenues

Net sales increased 3.2% to Ps. 25,575 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 24,771 million in 2003. Net sales, which include beer and packaging sales, represented 99.1% of total revenues. Total revenues increased 3.4% to Ps. 25,802 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 24,956 million in 2003. This growth was primarily due to total beer sales volume growth of 4.5%, a 2.3% increase in the export real price per hectoliter and a 2.7% increase in packaging sales, which together more than offset a 1.4% decline in the domestic real price per hectoliter.

Domestic beer sales volume increased 3.8% to 23.442 million hectoliters in 2004 compared to 22.582 million hectoliters in 2003. This increase was primarily due to favorable demand across most of Mexico,

 

84


broader availability of FEMSA Cerveza’s beers, successful execution at the point-of-sale and revenue management initiatives. The implementation of micro-segmentation strategies in some territories reflected the increased functionality of the ERP system, which by the end of 2004 was operating in approximately 79% of the total domestic beer sales volume sold through FEMSA Cerveza’s company-owned distribution centers. Domestic beer sales volume represented 91.3% of total sales volume, similar to the previous year.

Export beer sales volume increased 13.0% to 2.240 million hectoliters in 2004 compared to 1.982 million hectoliters in 2003, mainly due to increased sales volume in the United States through the Tecate and Dos Equis brands. Export beer sales volume represented 8.7% of total sales volume, similar to the previous year.

Gross Profit

Cost of sales increased 2.8%, slightly below total revenue growth in 2004. Cost of sales increased to Ps. 10,618 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 10,328 million in 2003. Gross profit reached Ps. 15,184 million, a 3.8% increase from 2003 resulting in a gross margin of 58.8% compared to 58.6% in 2003. The increase in gross margin resulted from better purchasing terms for raw materials, the appreciation of the Mexican peso, which reduced the cost of U.S. dollar-denominated raw materials, and operating efficiencies.

Income from Operations

Operating expenses increased 2.9% to Ps. 10,282 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 9,994 million in 2003. Administrative expenses increased 5.9% to Ps. 3,355 million in 2004, from Ps. 3,168 million in 2003, primarily reflecting the amortization of ERP expenses. Selling expenses increased 1.5% to Ps. 6,927 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 6,826 million in 2003. Approximately 31% of this increase was due to increased advertising expenditures for specific programs aimed at reinforcing our brands, approximately 22% was due to an increase in selling expenses in the fourth quarter due to the launch of Coors Light and the re-launch of Tecate and Tecate Light in Mexico and approximately 18% was due to the purchase of promotional materials from our former importer in the United States.

Income from operations increased 5.8% to Ps. 4,902 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 4,634 million in 2003. This reflects an increase in total revenues, combined with expense containment initiatives. Operating margin increased 0.4 percentage points to 19.0% of total revenues in 2004 compared to 18.6% of total revenues in 2003, due to solid volume growth resulting in part from slightly weaker pricing, a reduction in cost of sales and a more efficient use of operating expenses.

FEMSA Comercio

Total Revenues

Total revenues increased 24.8% to Ps. 23,599 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 18,914 million in 2003. The increase in total revenues was mainly a result of the aggressive expansion of the Oxxo convenience store chain, which added 668 net new Oxxo stores during 2004. As of December 31, 2004, FEMSA Comercio had 3,466 Oxxo stores nationwide, an increase of 23.9% from 2003, representing the fifth consecutive year of over 20% annual growth in the number of total Oxxo stores.

Same-store sales of Oxxo increased an average of 8.9% in 2004, reflecting an increase in the average ticket of 3.8% and an increase in store traffic of 4.9%. This increase reflects rapid store expansion and stronger category management practices, such as tailored product offerings within the stores.

Gross Profit

Cost of sales increased 24.3% to Ps. 17,334 million in 2004, slightly below total revenue growth, compared to Ps. 13,942 million in 2003. As a result, gross profit reached Ps. 6,265 million, a 26.0% increase from 2003 resulting in a gross margin of 26.5% in 2004 compared to 26.3% in 2003. The 0.2 percentage points increase in gross margin resulted from successful category management.

 

85


Income from Operations

Operating expenses increased 26.4% to Ps. 5,324 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 4,211 million in 2003. Administrative expenses increased 34.4% to Ps. 558 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 415 million in 2003. Approximately 78% of this increase was due to expenses that can no longer be capitalized and amortization of new technology and systems investments, with the remaining amount resulting from increased expenses in personnel training and development and the opening of three new sales regions in Morelia, Juarez and La Paz. Selling expenses increased 25.6% to Ps. 4,766 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 3,797 million in 2003. At 20.1% of total revenues, selling expenses remained in-line with 2003 levels.

Income from operations increased 23.7% to Ps. 941 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 761 million in 2003. This increase was in line with revenue growth, and contributed to a stable operating margin of 4.0% for 2004, which was in line with 2003.

FEMSA Consolidated—Net Income

Integral Result of Financing

Net interest expense reached Ps. 3,322 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 1,909 million in 2003, resulting primarily from a full year of interest expenses related to debt issued in May 2003 by Coca-Cola FEMSA in order to finance the Panamco acquisition and new debt issued in August 2004 in order to repurchase the 30% interest in FEMSA Cerveza from affiliates of InBev.

Foreign exchange loss amounted to Ps. 14 million in 2004 compared to a loss of Ps. 2,752 million in 2003. This significant decrease compared to our loss in 2003 resulted from the positive effect on the U.S. dollar-denominated debt incurred for the acquisition of the 30% interest in FEMSA Cerveza of the strength of the Mexican peso during 2004 relative to the U.S. dollar.

Monetary position gain amounted to Ps. 2,004 million in 2004 compared to a gain of Ps. 1,038 million in 2003. This increase in the amount of our gain in 2004 compared to 2003 reflects the effect of higher inflation on our higher liabilities recorded in 2004.

Taxes

Tax recognized in 2004 amounted to Ps. 2,533 million, which includes income tax, tax on assets and employee profit sharing, compared to Ps. 3,785 million in 2003. The 33.1% decline from the 2003 amount was primarily due to a one-time deferred income tax benefit recognized in the fourth quarter of 2004 from a reduction in Mexican corporate tax rates in future periods, and a non-recurring tax gain of Ps. 1,355 million at Coca-Cola FEMSA resulting from a favorable final ruling from a Mexican federal court that allowed Coca-Cola FEMSA to deduct losses arising from a sale of shares during 2002. Consequently, the effective tax rate in 2004 was 21% compared to 43% in 2003.

Net Income

Net income increased 88.6% to Ps. 9,558 million in 2004 compared to Ps. 5,067 million in 2003. This increase was due to growth of 8.9% in consolidated income from operations, a reduction in foreign exchange losses due to the positive effect of a stronger Mexican peso with respect to our U.S. dollar-denominated debt, a one-time deferred income tax benefit during the fourth quarter of 2004 from the reduction in Mexican corporate tax rates and a non-recurring tax gain of Ps. 1,355 million at Coca-Cola FEMSA.

Net majority income amounted to Ps. 6,027 million in 2004, an increase of 76.8% from 2003. Net majority income per FEMSA Unit reached Ps. 5.05 in 2004. Net majority income per FEMSA ADS, using an exchange rate of Ps. 10.6275 per U.S. dollar, was US$ 4.75 in 2004.

 

86


Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Each of our sub-holding companies generally finances its operational and capital requirements on an independent basis. As of December 31, 2005, 82.7% of our outstanding consolidated indebtedness was at the level of our sub-holding companies. This structure is attributable, in part, to the inclusion of third parties in the capital structure of Coca-Cola FEMSA and, prior to August 2004, in the capital structure of FEMSA Cerveza. Currently, we expect to continue to finance our operations and capital requirements primarily at the level of our sub-holding companies. Nonetheless, we may decide to incur indebtedness at our holding company in the future to finance the operations and capital requirements of our subsidiaries or significant acquisitions, investments or capital expenditures. As a holding company, we depend on dividends and other distributions from our subsidiaries to service our indebtedness.

We continuously evaluate opportunities to pursue acquisitions or engage in joint ventures or other transactions. We would expect to finance any significant future transactions with a combination of cash from operations, long-term indebtedness and capital stock.

The principal source of liquidity of each sub-holding company has generally been cash generated from operations. We have traditionally been able to rely on cash generated from operations because a significant majority of the sales of Coca-Cola FEMSA, FEMSA Cerveza and FEMSA Comercio are on a cash or short-term credit basis, and FEMSA Comercio’s Oxxo stores are able to finance a significant portion of their initial and ongoing inventories with supplier credit. Our principal use of cash has generally been for capital expenditure programs, debt repayment and dividend payments. The following is a summary of the principal uses of cash for the three years ended December 31, 2005:

Principal Uses of Cash

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2005     2004     2003  
     (in millions of constant Mexican pesos)  

Net resources generated by operations

   Ps.